仪器与探测器
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显示 2025年08月06日， 星期三 新的列表
- [1] arXiv:2508.02877 [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]
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标题： 用于快速红外散射型扫描近场光学显微镜的分扫描原子力显微镜标题： Separate-scan atomic force microscope for fast infrared scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope主题： 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det)
伪外差散射型扫描近场光学显微镜（sSNOM）被应用于中红外区域，以在纳米尺度上检测生物分子的化学组成。然而，sSNOM在分子生物学中的应用仅限于空气中的静态图像。最近，开发了底部照明sSNOM（BI-sSNOM），用于在水中操作。然而，sSNOM的扫描速率仍然是在秒时间尺度上记录水溶液中蛋白质结构变化的瓶颈。我们设计了一个由独立扫描高速原子力显微镜（HS-AFM）耦合到BI-sSNOM光学系统的光学和机械系统。设计的AFM扫描器在Z轴方向的机械带宽约为70 kHz，在XY轴方向约为6 kHz，相当于样品扫描HS-AFM。通过成像肌动蛋白丝展示了AFM性能。通过紫色膜和微管的sSNOM实验验证了光学设计。
Pseudo-heterodyne scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (sSNOM) is applied in the mid-infrared region to detect the chemical composition of biomolecules on the nanoscale. However, the application of sSNOM in molecular biology has been limited to static images in air. Recently, bottom illumination sSNOM (BI-sSNOM) was developed for operation in water. Yet, the scan rate of sSNOM remains a bottleneck to record protein structural changes in aqueous solution on the seconds time scale. We designed an optical and mechanical system consisting of a separate scan high-speed atomic force microscope (HS-AFM) coupled to the BI-sSNOM optics. The designed AFM scanner has a mechanical bandwidth of ca 70 kHz along the Z-axis, and ca 6 kHz along the XY-axis, equivalent to the sample scanning HS-AFM. The AFM performance is demonstrated by imaging actin filaments. The optical design is validated by sSNOM experiments on purple membranes and microtubules.
- [2] arXiv:2508.03078 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： CRESST-II和CRESST-III脉冲形状数据描述标题： Description of CRESST-II and CRESST-III pulse shape dataG. Angloher, S. Banik, D. Bartolot, G. Benato, A. Bento, A. Bertolini, R. Breier, C. Bucci, J. Burkhart, L. Canonica, A. D'Addabbo, S. Di Lorenzo, L. Einfalt, A. Erb, F. v. Feilitzsch, N. Ferreiro Iachellini, S. Fichtinger, D. Fuchs, A. Fuss, A. Garai, V.M. Ghete, P. Gorla, P.V. Guillaumon, S. Gupta, D. Hauff, M. Ješkovský, J. Jochum, M. Kaznacheeva, A. Kinast, H. Kluck, S. Kuckuk, H. Kraus, M. Lackner, A. Langenkämper, M. Mancuso, L. Marini, L. Meyer, V. Mokina, P. Murali, A. Nilima, M. Olmi, T. Ortmann, C. Pagliarone, L. Pattavina, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, P. Povinec, F. Pröbst, F. Pucci, F. Reindl, D. Rizvanovic, J. Rothe, K. Schäffner, J. Schieck, D. Schmiedmayer, S. Schönert, C. Schwertner, M. Stahlberg, L. Stodolsky, C. Strandhagen, R. Strauss, I. Usherov, F. Wagner, M. Willers, V. Zema (CRESST Collaboration)评论： 5页，1图，4表主题： 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO)
从2013年至2019年在CRESST暗物质搜索实验中运行的68个低温探测器收集并标记了一组数据，用于训练二元分类器进行数据清理。 在这里，我们描述数据集以及训练好的模型如何应用于新数据。 数据和模型在线可用。
A set of data from 68 cryogenic detectors operated in the CRESST dark matter search experiment between 2013 and 2019 was collected and labeled to train binary classifiers for data cleaning. Here, we describe the data set and how the trained models can be applied to new data. The data and models are available online.
- [3] arXiv:2508.03468 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 硅的机械特性表征用于ETpathfinder测试质量标题： Mechanical Characterisation of Silicon for the ETpathfinder Test MassesGuido Alex Iandolo, Alex Amato, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Alessandro Delmonte, Jan-Simon Hennig, Margot Hennig, Sebastian Steinlechner, Janis Wöhler, Stefan Hild, Jessica Steinlechner主题： 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)
下一代引力波探测器，如爱因斯坦望远镜，设计上通过使用新技术，在更宽的频率范围内降低了噪声。ETpathfinder被设计为这些技术的研发设施，是一个原型，其中的镜子选择由莱布尼茨晶体生长研究所生产的结晶硅制成。这种材料的选择是为了在爱因斯坦望远镜中实现低温下的低热噪声水平。本文展示了用于成为ETpathfinder测试质量的硅在室温到53K范围内的机械损耗。此外，还讨论了硅各向异性特性对测量程序的影响。预测了镜片基材材料对整体ETpathfinder噪声预算的贡献。
The next generation of gravitational-wave detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope, is designed to reduce noise in a wide band of frequencies compared to the current generation, through the use of new technologies. ETpathfinder, designed as an R&D facility for these technologies, is a prototype for which the mirrors were chosen to be made of crystalline silicon, produced by the Leibniz-Institut f\"ur Kristallz\"uchtung. This material choice was made to pave the way for a low thermal noise level at cryogenic temperatures in the Einstein Telescope. This paper shows the mechanical loss of silicon designated to become the test masses for ETpathfinder in the range between room temperature and 53K. In addition, the effect of the anisotropic nature of silicon on the measurement procedure is addressed. Predictions are made of the contribution of the mirror substrate material to the overall ETpathfinder noise budget.
- [4] arXiv:2508.03537 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： STAR的高级触发和表达数据生产标题： The High Level Trigger and Express Data Production at STARWayne Betts, Jinhui Chen, Yuri Fisyak, Hongwei Ke, Ivan Kisel, Pavel Kisel, Grigory Kozlov, Jeffery Landgraf, Jerome Lauret, Tonko Ljubicic, Yugang Ma, Spyridon Margetis, Hao Qiu, Diyu Shen, Qiye Shou, Xiangming Sun, Aihong Tang, Gene Van Buren, Iouri Vassiliev, Baoshan Xi, Zhenyu Ye, Zhengqiao Zhang, Maksym Zyzak评论： 13图，2表主题： 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 核实验 (nucl-ex)
STAR实验在相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）上开发并部署了一个高性能的高级触发（HLT）和快速数据生产系统，以实现在束流能量扫描阶段-II（BES-II）计划中的实时事件处理。 设计用于满足高事件率和复杂最终态的需求，HLT使用并行化算法在线进行跟踪、事件重建和物理对象选择，包括细胞自动机跟踪查找器和KF粒子查找器，优化以识别长寿命和短寿命粒子。 与STAR数据采集（DAQ）和探测器控制系统紧密集成，HLT使用专用计算集群进行接近实时的校准、顶点确定和事件过滤。 快速数据生产流程同时运行，实现快速重建和即时物理分析。 这种架构允许实时监控数据质量、探测器性能和束流条件，支持操作期间的动态反馈。 该框架在及时识别稀有信号（如超子和超核）方面发挥了关键作用。 值得注意的是，它实现了${}^5_{\Lambda}\mathrm{He}$超核的首次实时重建，并具有高统计显著性，以及在BES-II期间高效处理数亿次重离子碰撞事件。 该实时系统的成功运行证明了其在处理大量数据的同时保持严格物理质量标准的有效性。 它为未来需要在数据采集后几小时内进行集成在线跟踪、事件选择和快速离线质量重建的高亮度实验建立了一个可扩展和模块化的模型。
The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has developed and deployed a high-performance High Level Trigger (HLT) and Express Data Production system to enable real-time event processing during the Beam Energy Scan phase-II (BES-II) program. Designed to meet the demands of high event rates and complex final states, the HLT performs online tracking, event reconstruction, and physics object selection using parallelized algorithms including the Cellular Automaton Track Finder and the KF Particle Finder, optimized for identifying both long- and short-lived particles. Tightly integrated with the STAR data acquisition (DAQ) and detector control systems, the HLT employs a dedicated computing cluster to perform near real-time calibration, vertexing, and event filtering. The Express Data Production pipeline runs concurrently, enabling fast reconstruction and immediate physics analysis. This architecture allows for real-time monitoring of data quality, detector performance, and beam conditions, supporting dynamic feedback during operations. This framework has been instrumental in enabling prompt identification of rare signals such as hyperons and hypernuclei. Notably, it enabled the first real-time reconstruction of ${}^5_{\Lambda}\mathrm{He}$ hypernuclei with high statistical significance, as well as efficient processing of hundreds of millions of heavy-ion collision events during BES-II. The successful operation of this real-time system demonstrates its effectiveness in handling high data volumes while maintaining stringent physics quality standards. It establishes a scalable and modular model for future high-luminosity experiments requiring integrated online tracking, event selection, and rapid offline-quality reconstruction within hours of data taking.
新提交 (展示 4 之 4 条目 )
- [5] arXiv:2507.07164 (交叉列表自 physics.ins-det) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 非常规材料用于轻暗物质探测标题： Unconventional Materials for Light Dark Matter Detection评论： 6+4页，2+3图主题： 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det) ; 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)
我们建议使用几种非常规材料作为质量低于兆电子伏特尺度的暗物质探测器。 这些包括在电荷密度波相中具有低能等离子体的过渡金属二硫属化物TiSe$_2$，含有低能声学模态的Sr$_2$RuO$_4$，以及具有可调光学和声学等离子体频率的空穴掺杂金刚石。 我们对它们在非零动量下的损耗函数进行了第一性原理密度泛函理论计算，并确定了它们在轻暗物质参数空间中的探测范围。 我们表明，由于强烈的低能等离子体模式——每种材料的微观起源不同——基于这些材料的探测器在暗物质与电子的散射和吸收方面，其探测范围可能比现有提议高几个数量级。 这些材料的各向异性响应使得能够进行方向检测，使它们成为极其强大的探测器候选材料，这促使未来设备的设计和制造。
We propose the use of several unconventional materials as detectors for dark matter with mass beneath the MeV scale. These include the transition-metal dichalcogenide TiSe$_2$ hosting a low-energy plasmon in the charge-density-wave phase, Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ containing a low-energy acoustic demon mode, and hole-doped diamond with tunable optical and acoustic plasmon frequencies. We perform first-principles density functional theory computations of their loss functions at non-vanishing momenta and establish their reach into light dark matter parameter space. We show that due to intense low-energy plasmon modes -- of different microscopic origin in each -- the reach of detectors based on these materials could surpass existing proposals by several orders of magnitude for both dark matter scattering and absorption on electrons. The anisotropic response of these materials, which enables directional detection, renders them exceptionally strong detector candidates, motivating the design and fabrication of future devices.
- [6] arXiv:2508.02696 (交叉列表自 physics.chem-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 手性分子的瑞利光学活性观测：一种新的圆二色工具标题： Observation of Rayleigh optical activity for chiral molecules: a new chiroptical toolDuncan McArthur, Emmanouil I. Alexakis, Andrew R. Puente, Rebecca McGonigle, Andrew J. Love, Prasad L. Polavarapu, Laurence D. Barron, Lewis E. MacKenzie, Aidan S. Arnold, Robert P. Cameron主题： 化学物理 (physics.chem-ph) ; 原子物理 (physics.atom-ph) ; 生物物理 (physics.bio-ph) ; 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det) ; 光学 (physics.optics)
通过测量散射光中的小圆偏振分量，我们报告了对典型手性分子的瑞利光学活性（RayOA）的首次观察，即$\alpha$-蒎烯的两个对映异构体。 我们的工作验证了五十年前做出的基本理论预测，并扩展了手性光学工具箱。
By measuring a small circularly polarized component in the scattered light, we report the first observation of Rayleigh optical activity (RayOA) for typical chiral molecules, namely the two enantiomers of $\alpha$-pinene. Our work validates fundamental theoretical predictions made over fifty years ago and expands the chiroptical toolkit.
- [7] arXiv:2508.03491 (交叉列表自 physics.atom-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： AION-10：牛津10米原子干涉仪技术设计报告标题： AION-10: Technical Design Report for a 10m Atom Interferometer in OxfordK. Bongs, A. Brzakalik, U. Chauhan, S. Dey, O. Ennis, S. Hedges, T. Hird, M. Holynski, S. Lellouch, M. Langlois, B. Stray, B. Bostwick, J. Chen, Z. Eyler, V. Gibson, T. L. Harte, C. C. Hsu, M. Karzazi, C. Lu, B. Millward, J. Mitchell, N. Mouelle, B. Panchumarthi, J. Scheper, U. Schneider, X. Su, Y. Tang, K. Tkalčec, M. Zeuner, S. Zhang, Y. Zhi, K. Clarke, A. Vick, C. F. A. Baynham, O. Buchmüller, D. Evans, L. Hawkins, R. Hobson, L. Iannizzotto-Venezze, A. Josset, D. Lee, E. Pasatembou, B. E. Sauer, M. R. Tarbutt, T. Walker, L. Badurina, A. Beniwal, D. Blas, J. Carlton, J. Ellis, C. McCabe, G. Parish, D. Pathak Govardhan, V. Vaskonen, T. Bowcock, K. Bridges, A. Carroll, J. Coleman, G. Elertas, S. Hindley, C. Metelko, H. Throssell, J. N. Tinsley, E. Bentine, M. Booth, D. Bortoletto, C. Foot, N. Callaghan, C. Gomez-Monedero, K. Hughes, A. James, T. Leese, A. Lowe, J. March-Russell, J. Sander, J. Schelfhout, I. Shipsey, D. Weatherill, D. Wood, S. N. Balashov, M. G. Bason, K. Hussain, H. Labiad, P. Majewski, A. L. Marchant, D. Newbold, Z. Pan, Z. Tam, T. C. Thornton, T. Valenzuela, M. G. D. van der Grinten, I. Wilmut主题： 原子物理 (physics.atom-ph) ; 天体物理学的仪器与方法 (astro-ph.IM) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)
本技术设计报告介绍了AION-10，这是一种位于牛津大学的10米原子干涉仪，使用超冷锶原子进行基本物理的精确测量。 AION-10既是未来更大规模实验的原型，也是一种能够开展自身多样化物理项目的多功能科学仪器。 该设计包括一个10米高的垂直塔，用于容纳两个原子干涉仪源，在超高真空环境中运行。 关键的工程挑战包括实现纳米级的振动稳定性以及精确的磁场控制。 解决方案包括主动振动隔离、专门的磁屏蔽以及使用专业起重设备的模块化组装方法。 详细分析确认该设计满足所有性能要求，在现实操作条件下，关键光学部件有97%的时间保持在我们的规格范围内。 在主机建筑中的真空和振动测量结果验证了该仪器将实现量子传感应用所需的精度。 这项工作建立了将原子干涉测量扩展到更长基线的技术基础，同时创建了一个先进的精密测量设施，可能推动我们对基本物理的理解。
This Technical Design Report presents AION-10, a 10-meter atom interferometer to be located at Oxford University using ultracold strontium atoms to make precision measurements of fundamental physics. AION-10 serves as both a prototype for future larger-scale experiments and a versatile scientific instrument capable of conducting its own diverse physics programme. The design features a 10-meter vertical tower housing two atom interferometer sources in an ultra-high vacuum environment. Key engineering challenges include achieving nanometer-level vibrational stability and precise magnetic field control. Solutions include active vibration isolation, specialized magnetic shielding, and a modular assembly approach using professional lifting equipment. Detailed analysis confirms the design meets all performance requirements, with critical optical components remaining within our specifications 97% of the time under realistic operating conditions. Vacuum and vibration measurements in the host building validate that the instrument will achieve the precision needed for quantum sensing applications. This work establishes the technical foundation for scaling atom interferometry to longer baselines while creating a cutting-edge facility for precision measurements that could advance our understanding of fundamental physics.
- [8] arXiv:2508.03592 (交叉列表自 physics.optics) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]
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标题： 拓扑等离激元太赫兹光电混频中的频率转换标题： Frequency conversion in topological plasmonic THz photo-mixer评论： 12页，17图，初步论文主题： 光学 (physics.optics) ; 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ; 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)
我们提出了一个替代解释，用于解释在激光增强的等离子体光电混频器中观察到的相干下转换，该过程涉及红外线、毫米波和微波光子。 我们将提供一条通往该器件完整实验表征的路径。
We propose an alternative explanation for the observed coherent down-conversion in a laser-enabled plasmonic photo-mixer involving infrared, millimeter-wave, microwave photons. We will offer a path toward full experimental characterization of the device.
交叉提交 (展示 4 之 4 条目 )
- [9] arXiv:2404.07835 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]
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标题： 面向未来卫星重力任务的量子传感器现实噪声建模标题： Towards a realistic noise modelling of quantum sensors for future satellite gravity missionsJoao Encarnacao, Christian Siemes, Ilias Daras, Olivier Carraz, Aaron Strangfeld, Philipp Zingerle, Roland Pail评论： 提交至《空间研究进展》主题： 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det)
从太空测绘地球重力场为了解气候变化、水圈和生物圈的演变以及地震活动提供了有价值的见解。 当前的卫星重力测量任务已经证明了重力数据在理解全球质量传输现象、气候动力学和地质过程中的实用性。 然而，最先进的测量技术面临噪声和长期漂移的限制，这些限制会传播到地球时变重力场的恢复中。 量子传感器，特别是冷原子干涉仪（CAI），有望提高基于空间的重力测量的精度和稳定性。 因此，由于其在低频（亚毫赫兹）下以高精度和准确性测量引力和梯度的潜力，CAI已成为未来重力卫星任务的一种有前景的测量技术。 本研究探讨了CAI加速度计和梯度计对测量卫星姿态误差的敏感性。 我们探讨了低低卫星间和重力梯度测量的概念，并建立了相应的测量及其相关误差的分析模型。 我们选择了一个雄心勃勃的CAI参数场景，以说明提高空间重力测量仪器精度和能力的潜在路径。 两种操作模式，同时模式（在另一个云被移动到干涉腔的同时生成一个新的云）和顺序模式（云生成和干涉在同一地点进行），被比较以减轻不准确已知的姿态速率对科里奥利加速度的影响。 顺序模式显示出减少这些影响的潜力，因为原子云具有初始零速度。 [...]
Mapping the Earth's gravity field from space offers valuable insights into climate change, hydro- and biosphere evolution, and seismic activity. Current satellite gravimetry missions have demonstrated the utility of gravity data in understanding global mass transport phenomena, climate dynamics, and geological processes. However, state-of-the-art measurement techniques face noise and long-term drift limitations, which propagate into the recovery of Earth's time-varying gravity field. Quantum sensors, particularly Cold Atom Interferometry (CAI), offer promise for improving the accuracy and stability of space-based gravity measurements. Therefore, CAI has emerged as a promising measurement technique for future gravimetric satellite missions due to their potential for measuring gravitational forces and gradients with high precision and accuracy, particularly at low frequencies (sub-mHz). This study explores the sensitivity of CAI accelerometers and gradiometers to the errors in measuring the satellite's attitude. We explore the low-low satellite-to-satellite and gravity gradiometry concepts and build the respective analytical models of measurements and associated errors. We selected an ambitious scenario for CAI parameters that illustrates a potential path for increasing instrument accuracies and capabilities for space gravimetry. Two operational modes, concurrent (where a new cloud is generated while another is moved to the interferometric chamber) and sequential (where cloud generation and interferometry happen in the same place), are compared to mitigate the effects of inaccurately known attitude rates on Coriolis accelerations. The sequential mode shows the potential to reduce these effects since the atom cloud has an initial zero velocity. [...]
- [10] arXiv:2503.22554 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]
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标题： 快速磁线圈控制器用于冷原子实验标题： Fast Magnetic Coil Controller for Cold Atom ExperimentsL. Uhthoff-Rodríguez, A. Hernández-López, E. G. Alonso-Torres, E. Esquivel-Ramírez, G. Carmona-Torres, C. Gardea-Flores, J. A. Seman, A. Paris-Mandoki主题： 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det) ; 原子物理 (physics.atom-ph)
冷原子实验中，通常使用由线圈产生的磁场作为控制和操纵原子样本的重要工具。 在这些实验中，经常需要在两个磁场值之间快速切换。 然而，典型的电源供应器对流经线圈的电流的切换时间有限。 我们提出了一种作为电子电路实现的控制方案，克服了这一限制。 通过在控制信号的变化超过传统电源供应器能够跟随的极限时，暂时施加按需的高电压，从而实现更快的控制，使磁性线圈中的电流更快地流动。 在我们的特定应用中，一个电感为491${\mu}H$、电阻为0.26${\Omega}$的线圈，对应的时间常数约为1.9毫秒，其电流能够忠实跟随从-1A到+1A的控制信号。 能够在约31${\mu}s$内完成全量程的转换，有效带宽为15.2千赫兹。 这比传统电源供应器在带宽和切换速度方面提高了20倍以上。 通过适当选择电路的组件，带宽和切换时间都可以调整，以满足广泛范围内的电感和功率需求。
Cold atoms experiments employ magnetic fields, commonly generated by coils, as an essential tool to control and manipulate atomic samples. In these experiments, it is often necessary to rapidly switch the magnetic field between two values. However, typical power supplies have a limited switching time for the current flowing through the coil. We present a control scheme implemented as an electronic circuit that overcomes this limitation. A faster control is achieved by momentarily applying an on-demand high voltage when the control signal variation surpasses the limits that the conventional power supply can follow, allowing a faster current flow into the magnetic coil. In our specific application, a coil with inductance of 491 ${\mu}H$ and resistance of 0.26 ${\Omega}$, corresponding to a time constant of ~1.9 ms, is driven so that its current faithfully follows the control signals from -1A to +1A. Capable of completing a full-scale transition in just ~31 ${\mu}s$, with an effective bandwidth of 15.2 kHz. This corresponds to an improvement by a factor of more than 20 in both bandwidth and switching speed over a conventional power supply. By appropriately selecting the components of the circuit, both the bandwidth and the switching time can be tuned to match specific needs within a wide range of inductive and power requirements.