标题： 脉冲星观测中缺失的双超大质量黑洞引力波 显示英文标题

标题： Gravitational waves from binary supermassive black holes missing in pulsar observations

摘要： 引力波预计会由星系合并过程中形成的超大质量黑洞双星系统辐射出来。 所有这些双星系统的引力波的随机叠加将调制射电脉冲星脉冲到达时间。 使用帕克斯射电望远镜获得的毫秒脉冲星观测数据，我们将这一背景的特征振幅$A_{\rm c,yr}$限制为小于$1.0\times10^{-15}$，置信度为95%。 此限制以91-99.7%的概率排除了当前模型对$A_{\rm c,yr}$的预测范围。 我们得出结论，双星演化可能被星系中心环境所停滞或显著加速，并且更高采样率和更短波长的观测将提高对引力波的敏感度。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Gravitational waves are expected to be radiated by supermassive black hole binaries formed during galaxy mergers. A stochastic superposition of gravitational waves from all such binary systems will modulate the arrival times of pulses from radio pulsars. Using observations of millisecond pulsars obtained with the Parkes radio telescope, we constrain the characteristic amplitude of this background, $A_{\rm c,yr}$, to be < $1.0\times10^{-15}$ with 95% confidence. This limit excludes predicted ranges for $A_{\rm c,yr}$ from current models with 91-99.7% probability. We conclude that binary evolution is either stalled or dramatically accelerated by galactic-center environments, and that higher-cadence and shorter-wavelength observations would result in an increased sensitivity to gravitational waves.