标题： 非局部深度输送在地球、火星和土星大气中能量、动量、化学和气溶胶分布中的潜在重要性 显示英文标题

标题： The Potential Importance of Non-Local, Deep Transport on the Energetics, Momentum, Chemistry, and Aerosol Distributions in the Atmospheres of Earth, Mars and Titan

摘要： 对地球大气中非局部深度输送机制的综述为检查类似机制是否在火星和土卫六的大气中运行提供了良好的基础。 在地球上，热带地区的深对流云构成了哈德莱环流的上升分支，并提供了一条通道，通过该通道能量、水分、动量、气溶胶和化学物质从边界层输送到对流层上部和下平流层。 这种输送导致诸如水汽和湿静力能量等量在中对流层出现最小值，并在云层出流处出现最大值。 这种地球上的输送机制在与火星地形相关的强烈而深层的热环流以及火星尘暴中找到了类比。 对火星上高层尘埃层的观测进一步支持了非局部深层输送是火星大气中一个重要机制的观点。 在土卫六上，深对流云的存在几乎可以肯定非局部深层输送正在发生，这些云可能在能量、动量和甲烷的全球循环中发挥作用。 鉴于非局部深层输送在地球大气中的潜在重要性，并且有证据表明这种输送存在于火星和土卫六的大气中，因此有必要更加关注地外大气中的这一机制。 显示英文摘要

摘要： A review of non-local, deep transport mechanisms in the atmosphere of Earth provides a good foundation for examining whether similar mechanisms are operating in the atmospheres of Mars and Titan. On Earth, deep convective clouds in the tropics constitute the upward branch of the Hadley Cell and provide a conduit through which energy, moisture, momentum, aerosols and chemical species are moved from the boundary layer to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. This transport produces mid-tropospheric minima in quantities such as water vapor and moist static energy and maxima where the clouds detrain. Analogs to this terrestrial transport are found in the strong and deep thermal circulations associated with topography on Mars and with Mars dust storms. Observations of elevated dust layers on Mars further support the notion that non-local deep transport is an important mechanism in the atmosphere of Mars. On Titan, the presence of deep convective clouds almost assures that non-local, deep transport is occurring and these clouds may play a role in global cycling of energy, momentum, and methane. Based on the potential importance of non-local deep transport in Earth's atmosphere and supported by evidence for such transport in the atmospheres of Mars and Titan, greater attention to this mechanism in extraterrestrial atmospheres is warranted.