标题： 太阳-气候”关系：III. 太阳耀斑、南北半球太阳黑子面积不对称与气候 显示英文标题

标题： The "Sun-climate" relationship : III. The solar flares, north-south sunspot arrea asymmetry and climate

摘要： 在本文第三部分中给出了更多证据，证明高于 100 MeV（太阳宇宙射线 SCR）的高能太阳粒子辐射是“太阳-气候”关系中的一个重要组成部分（参见论文 I 和 II）。 总太阳辐照度 (TSI) 和银河宇宙射线 (GCR) 的变化导致了太阳黑子极小期冷却和太阳黑子极大期变暖的整体气候效应。 与上述两者不同，强烈的太阳微粒事件在它们处于高水平时期起到冷却气候的作用。 通过这种方法，在过去 150 年的仪器气候观测期间可以追踪大约 60 年持续时间的亚世纪全球和区域温度准周期性变化。 论文还表明，自蒙德极小期至 20 世纪末的太阳黑子数（GSN）数据序列中，这种亚世纪振荡非常重要。 因此，太阳爆发活动的影响使整个“太阳-气候”关系比仅考虑 TSI 和 GCR 变化时更加复杂。 在这种情况下，1975 年后气候变暖趋势既有自然原因也有人为原因。 最有可能的是，后者与过去三十年（公元 1975-2007 年）中长期高水平的总太阳辐照度上叠加的一般下降趋势密切相关。 文中还证明，太阳粒子活动对气候的影响强烈依赖于太阳活动中心的“南北”不对称性（以太阳黑子面积的南北不对称指数 A 作为代理指标）。 在 A 值为正的时期，北半球的气候冷却效应最为显著。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In this last Paper III additional evidences that the solar high energetic particles radiation with energies higher as 100 MeV (the solar cosmic rays SCR) is an very important component for the "Sun- climate" relationship are given (see also Paper I and II). The total solar irradiance (TSI) and the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) variations given an integral climate effect of cooling in sunspot minima and warming in the sunspot maxima. Unlike the both ones the powerful solar corpuscular events plays a cooling climate role during the epochs of their heigh levels. By this one subcenturial global and regional temperature quasi- cyclic changes by duration of approximately 60 years could be track during the last 150 years of instrumental climate observations . It has been also evided in the paper that this subcenturial oscilation is very important in the Group sunspot number (GSN) data series since the Maunder minimum up to the end of 20th century. Thus the solar erruptive activity effect make the total "Sun -climate" relationship essentially more complicated as it could be follow when only the TSI and GCR variations are taken into account. In this light the climate warming tendency after AD 1975 is rather by a natural as by an antropogenic origin. Most probably the last one is very close related to the general downward tendency of erruptive solar events which is superimposed over the high long term TSI levels during the last three decades (AD 1975-2007). It is evided, that the efficiency of the solar corpuscular activuty over the climate is strongly depended by the "north-south" asymmetry of the solar activity centers (as a proxy the sunspots area north-south asymmetry index A is used there). The climate cooling effect in the Northern hemisphere is most powerful during the epochs of positive values of A.