标题： PSR J1734-3333的制动指数和磁星群体 显示英文标题

标题： The braking index of PSR J1734-3333 and the magnetar population

摘要： PSR J1734-3333是一颗旋转周期P=1.17秒的射电脉冲星，其周期导数Pdot=2.28×10^{-12}，在旋转能驱动的脉冲星中排名第三大。 这些特性介于正常旋转能驱动的脉冲星和磁星之间，这两类中子星在辐射特性上存在显著差异。 我们在此报告了对PSR J1734-3333旋转的第二次周期导数测量，并计算出制动指数n=0.9±0.2。 这个值远低于3，即恒定磁场偶极电磁制动预期的值，表明这颗脉冲星可能很快就会拥有磁星的旋转特性。 尽管有几种机制可能导致如此低的制动指数，我们讨论了这一观测结果，以及一些具有高Pdot的旋转能驱动的脉冲星所表现出的特性，并将其解释为磁星通过射电脉冲星阶段的一种可能演化路径的证据，支持对这两类天体进行统一描述。 显示英文摘要

摘要： PSR J1734-3333 is a radio pulsar rotating with a period P=1.17 s and slowing down with a period derivative Pdot=2.28 x 10^{-12}, the third largest among rotation-powered pulsars. These properties are midway between those of normal rotation-powered pulsars and magnetars, two populations of neutron stars that are notably different in their emission properties. Here we report on the measurement of the second period derivative of the rotation of PSR J1734-3333 and calculate a braking index n=0.9 +- 0.2. This value is well below 3, the value expected for an electromagnetic braking due to a constant magnetic dipole, and indicates that this pulsar may soon have the rotational properties of a magnetar. While there are several mechanisms which could lead to such a low braking index, we discuss this observation, together with the properties exhibited by some other high-Pdot rotation-powered pulsars, and interpret it as evidence of a possible evolutionary route for magnetars through a radio-pulsar phase, supporting a unified description of the two classes of object.