标题： 摩擦电荷和序列的控制规则的推导与热电性相关 显示英文标题

标题： Derivation of a governing rule in triboelectric charging and series from thermoelectricity

摘要： 摩擦驱动的静电起电在日常生活中、工业和技术中是常见且基本的现象，但其基本原理长期以来一直未知，并不断让从古希腊到现代高科技时代的科学家感到困惑。 尽管其表现简单，但由于两种摩擦材料之间的界面相互作用无法解决，因此认为摩擦起电非常复杂。 在这里，我们首次揭示了基于界面摩擦起源的热电荷效应的简单物理规律，以及由此产生的摩擦电序列，该规律由材料密度（${\rho}$）、比热（c）、热导率（k）和塞贝克系数（S）决定。 我们证明，界面处的能量耗散热量会引起材料温度的变化，从而产生静电势，这将引发界面间的热电荷。 我们发现，各种聚合物、金属、半导体甚至闪电云的摩擦电趋势和数量都简单地由摩擦电因子${\xi}=S/\sqrt{{\rho}ck}$控制。 摩擦电优值用摩擦电功率 K=${\xi}\sqrt{t/{\pi}}$表示，其差值在摩擦时间 t = 1 秒时可达到最大 1.2 V/W cm$^{-2}$。我们的发现将为微观理解与管理摩擦电或静电起电带来重要的机会。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Friction-driven static electrification is familiar and fundamental in daily life, industry, and technology, but its basics have long been unknown and have continually perplexed scientists from ancient Greece to the modern high-tech era. Despite its simple manifestation, triboelectric charging is believed to be very complex because of the unresolvable interfacial interaction between two rubbing materials. Here, we for the first time reveal a simple physics of triboelectric charging and triboelectric series based on friction-originated thermoelectric charging effects at the interface, characterized by the material density (${\rho}$), specific heat (c), thermal conductivity (k), and Seebeck coefficient (S) of each material. We demonstrate that energy dissipational heat at the interface induces temperature variations in the materials and thus develops electrostatic potentials that will initiate thermoelectric charging across the interface. We find that the trends and quantities of triboelectric charging for various polymers, metals, semiconductors, and even lightning clouds are simply governed by the triboelectric factor ${\xi}=S/\sqrt{{\rho}ck}$. The triboelectric figure-of-merit is expressed with the triboelectric power K=${\xi}\sqrt{t/{\pi}}$, of which the difference can be maximized up to 1.2 V/W cm$^{-2}$ at the friction time t = 1 s. Our findings will bring significant opportunities for microscopic understanding and management of triboelectricity or static electrification.