标题： 行星系统的形成和演化研究 显示英文标题

标题： Investigations of the Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems

摘要： 恒星和行星是宇宙的基本物体。 它们的形成过程虽然相关，但在重要方面可能有所不同。 恒星几乎肯定是从引力坍缩形成的，并且自第一颗恒星点亮天空以来很可能一直如此形成。 尽管行星也可能以这种方式形成，但涉及原恒星盘中的吸积过程更受青睐。 高保真度高分辨率图像可能会解决这个问题；在某些质量范围内，两种过程都可能发生。 未来十年要回答的问题包括： 行星是如何形成的，形成方式如何决定行星系统的特性？ 行星的质量分布是什么？ 母恒星的金属丰度如何影响其行星系统的特性？ 在本文中，我们讨论从诞生到成熟的行星系统的观测，重点是波长大于100 $\mu$m的观测，这可能揭示其形成和演化的特性。 这一光谱区域的优势包括较低的消光、可提供极高的分辨率以达到行星形成尺度并进行精确天体测量以及对热辐射的高度敏感性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Stars and planets are the fundamental objects of the Universe. Their formation processes, though related, may differ in important ways. Stars almost certainly form from gravitational collapse and probably have formed this way since the first stars lit the skies. Although it is possible that planets form in this way also, processes involving accretion in a circumstellar disk have been favored. High fidelity high resolution images may resolve the question; both processes may occur in some mass ranges. The questions to be answered in the next decade include: By what process do planets form, and how does the mode of formation determine the character of planetary systems? What is the distribution of masses of planets? In what manner does the metallicity of the parent star influence the character of its planetary system? In this paper we discuss the observations of planetary systems from birth to maturity, with an emphasis on observations longward of 100 $\mu$m which may illuminate the character of their formation and evolution. Advantages of this spectral region include lower opacity, availability of extremely high resolution to reach planet formation scales and to perform precision astrometry and high sensitivity to thermal emission.