标题： 最小耗散理论和双轴试验中的剪切带 显示英文标题

标题： Minimal dissipation theory and shear bands in biaxial tests

摘要： 通过应用最小耗散原理并将其与二维接触动力学模拟进行比较，研究了颗粒材料的真实双向试验。 结果显示，由恒定应力比和恒定体积表现出来的宏观稳态是不断变化的微观结构最小化耗散率的结果。 在变化的剪切带结构中，剪切带角度被发现是恒定的。 我们还表明，在壁面上引入摩擦力可以将最优剪切带结构的退化性减少到一个，这对于广泛的参数范围来说，可以计算出随纵横比变化的非恒定应力比曲线。 显示英文摘要

摘要： True biaxial tests of granular materials are investigated by applying the principle of minimal dissipation and comparing to two dimensional contact dynamics simulations. It is shown that the macroscopic steady state manifested by constant stress ratio and constant volume is the result of the ever changing microscopic structure which minimizes the dissipation rate. The shear band angle in the varying shear band structures is found to be constant. We also show that introducing friction on the walls reduces the degeneracy of the optimal shear band structures to one for a wide range of parameters which gives a non-constant stress ratio curve with varying aspect ratio that can be calculated.