标题： 在从分枝杆菌属重建祖先基因组的能力方面 显示英文标题

标题： On the ability to reconstruct ancestral genomes from Mycobacterium genus

摘要： 近几十年的技术进步导致了基因组序列数据的积累变得越来越快且成本更低。如今可用的大量分子数据有助于解决进化中的新问题和关键问题。然而，重建DNA序列的进化需要模型、算法、统计和计算方法，其复杂性日益增加。由于大多数剧烈的基因组变化是由基因组重排（如基因复制、增益/丢失事件）引起的，因此理解其机制并重建给定基因组的祖先变得至关重要。这个问题在三个基因组的“最简单”情况下已被证明是NP完全的。通常执行启发式算法以提供精确解的近似值。我们指出，即使祖先重建问题在理论上是NP难的，但在各种情况下，其精确求解是可行的，包括细胞器和一些细菌。这种准确的重建，即使识别出一些高度同形突变，其祖先状态无法确定，将在本进行中的工作中启动，以重建两种结核分枝杆菌病原细菌的祖先基因组。通过将明显情况的自动重建与对标记问题案例的人工干预相结合，我们将表明，应该能够实现结核分枝杆菌复合群谱系的切实、完整且真正准确的重建。因此，可以研究这些基因组如何从它们的最后共同祖先演化而来。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Technical signs of progress during the last decades has led to a situation in which the accumulation of genome sequence data is increasingly fast and cheap. The huge amount of molecular data available nowadays can help addressing new and essential questions in Evolution. However, reconstructing evolution of DNA sequences requires models, algorithms, statistical and computational methods of ever increasing complexity. Since most dramatic genomic changes are caused by genome rearrangements (gene duplications, gain/loss events), it becomes crucial to understand their mechanisms and reconstruct ancestors of the given genomes. This problem is known to be NP-complete even in the "simplest" case of three genomes. Heuristic algorithms are usually executed to provide approximations of the exact solution. We state that, even if the ancestral reconstruction problem is NP-hard in theory, its exact resolution is feasible in various situations, encompassing organelles and some bacteria. Such accurate reconstruction, which identifies too some highly homoplasic mutations whose ancestral status is undecidable, will be initiated in this work-in-progress, to reconstruct ancestral genomes of two Mycobacterium pathogenetic bacterias. By mixing automatic reconstruction of obvious situations with human interventions on signaled problematic cases, we will indicate that it should be possible to achieve a concrete, complete, and really accurate reconstruction of lineages of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Thus, it is possible to investigate how these genomes have evolved from their last common ancestors.