标题： 空间激光冷却玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚用于精密干涉测量 显示英文标题

标题： Space-borne Bose-Einstein condensation for precision interferometry

摘要： 太空提供了几乎无限的自由落体环境。 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）使得难以形容的低动能对应于皮开尔文甚至飞开尔文温度。 这两种特性的结合使原子干涉仪对惯性力具有前所未有的灵敏度，并为量子气体实验开启了新纪元。 2017年1月23日，我们在探空火箭任务MAIUS-1上在太空中创建了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体，并进行了110次与物质波干涉测量相关的实验。 特别是，我们研究了在发射过程中经历的大加速度下的激光冷却和捕获，并研究了在六分钟的太空飞行期间利用布雷格散射进行的BEC的演化、操控和干涉测量。 在本信中，我们关注BEC的相变和集体动力学，其影响因延长的自由落体时间而被放大。 我们的实验证明了在原子芯片上对BEC操控的高度可重复性，反映了卓越的控制特性以及我们实验的鲁棒性。 这些特性对于在接近飞开尔文的最低动能尺度上创建具有设计集体激发的量子物质的新协议至关重要。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Space offers virtually unlimited free-fall in gravity. Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) enables ineffable low kinetic energies corresponding to pico- or even femtokelvins. The combination of both features makes atom interferometers with unprecedented sensitivity for inertial forces possible and opens a new era for quantum gas experiments. On January 23, 2017, we created Bose-Einstein condensates in space on the sounding rocket mission MAIUS-1 and conducted 110 experiments central to matter-wave interferometry. In particular, we have explored laser cooling and trapping in the presence of large accelerations as experienced during launch, and have studied the evolution, manipulation and interferometry employing Bragg scattering of BECs during the six-minute space flight. In this letter, we focus on the phase transition and the collective dynamics of BECs, whose impact is magnified by the extended free-fall time. Our experiments demonstrate a high reproducibility of the manipulation of BECs on the atom chip reflecting the exquisite control features and the robustness of our experiment. These properties are crucial to novel protocols for creating quantum matter with designed collective excitations at the lowest kinetic energy scales close to femtokelvins.