标题： 技术系统的演化与结构 - 创新输出网络 显示英文标题

标题： Evolution and structure of technological systems - An innovation output network

摘要： 这项研究考察了1970年至2013年间瑞典各行业之间重大创新的供应和使用网络。 发现30%的创新模式可以通过后向和前向联系的网络刺激进行预测。 该网络具有层次性，其特征是连接不同行业的枢纽，这些枢纽形成紧密交织的社区。 为了解释网络结构，提出了一种优先权重分配过程，作为经典优先附加过程在加权有向网络中的适应。 该过程强烈预测了网络结构，其中历史技术联系和接近性起着重要作用，而人力资本流动和经济投入产出流动对链接形成有冲突的影响。 结果与创新出现在紧密连接的社区中的观点一致，但表明技术系统的转变是由技术需求、不平衡和机会塑造的，这些因素与其它接近性没有直接关系。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This study examines the network of supply and use of significant innovations across industries in Sweden, 1970-2013. It is found that 30% of innovation patterns can be predicted by network stimulus from backward and forward linkages. The network is hierarchical, characterized by hubs that connect diverse industries in closely knitted communities. To explain the network structure, a preferential weight assignment process is proposed as an adaptation of the classical preferential attachment process to weighted directed networks. The network structure is strongly predicted by this process where historical technological linkages and proximities matter, while human capital flows and economic input-output flows have conflicting effects on link formation. The results are consistent with the idea that innovations emerge in closely connected communities, but suggest that the transformation of technological systems are shaped by technological requirements, imbalances and opportunities that are not straightforwardly related to other proximities.