标题： 对于意识理论中玩具模型的效用 显示英文标题

标题： On the utility of toy models for theories of consciousness

摘要： 高度理想化且故意简化的模型，仅保留系统的本质特征，以探讨特定的理论问题。 在物理学和其他科学中长期使用，它们最近开始在意识研究中发挥更显著的作用。 本章从澄清理论框架、测试假设和阐明哲学挑战的能力方面，考察了玩具模型在发展和评估意识科学理论方面的潜在效用。 主要基于整合信息理论（IIT）和全局工作空间理论（GWT）的例子，我展示了这些简化系统如何使抽象概念更加具体，使研究人员能够探究竞争性框架的一致性、连贯性和含义。 除了支持理论发展外，玩具模型还可以解决经验的具体特征，如整合信息理论（IIT）和最近的理论无关结构方法所提供的空间延展性和时间流动的描述。 此外，玩具模型使哲学辩论更加清晰，例如意识的功能理论与结构理论之间的区别。 通过连接抽象主张和实证研究，玩具模型为构建全面的意识理论所面临的挑战提供了关键见解。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Toy models are highly idealized and deliberately simplified models that retain only the essential features of a system in order to explore specific theoretical questions. Long used in physics and other sciences, they have recently begun to play a more visible role in consciousness research. This chapter examines the potential utility of toy models for developing and evaluating scientific theories of consciousness in terms of their ability to clarify theoretical frameworks, test assumptions, and illuminate philosophical challenges. Drawing primarily on examples from Integrated Information Theory (IIT) and Global Workspace Theory (GWT), I show how these simplified systems could make abstract concepts more tangible, enabling researchers to probe the coherence, consistency, and implications of competing frameworks. In addition to supporting theory development, toy models can also address specific features of experience, as exemplified by the account of spatial extendedness and temporal flow provided by integrated information theory (IIT) and recent theory-independent structural approaches. Moreover, toy models bring philosophical debates into sharper focus, such as the distinction between functional and structural theories of consciousness. By bridging abstract claims and empirical inquiry, toy models provide essential insights into the challenges of building comprehensive theories of consciousness.