标题： GPS卫星的姿态确定与控制：稳定、轨道插入和操作控制机制 显示英文标题

标题： Attitude Determination and Control of GPS Satellites: Stabilization, Orbital Insertion, and Operational Control Mechanisms

摘要： 全球定位系统（GPS）卫星对于提供全球准确的导航和定时信息至关重要。 运行在中地球轨道（MEO）上，这些卫星必须保持精确的朝向地球的姿态以有效传输信号。 本文全面回顾了GPS卫星的操作动力学、姿态确定和控制系统（ADCS）以及轨道插入技术。 我们探讨了传感器和执行机构的集成、控制算法、稳定策略以及部署这些卫星所需的发射程序。 讨论了与轨道力学和姿态控制相关的关键方程，并包含了对近期技术文献的引用。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites are essential for providing accurate navigation and timing information worldwide. Operating in medium Earth orbit (MEO), these satellites must maintain precise Earth-pointing attitudes to transmit signals effectively. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the operational dynamics, attitude determination and control systems (ADCS), and orbital insertion techniques for GPS satellites. We explore the integration of sensors and actuators, control algorithms, stabilization strategies, and the launch procedures required to deploy these satellites. Key equations related to orbital mechanics and attitude control are discussed, and references to recent technical literature are included.