标题： 从头计算的多奇异物质 显示英文标题

标题： Multi-strangeness matter from ab initio calculations

摘要： 超核和超核物质将奇异数区间的核结构与中子星的天体物理学联系起来，在高密度下预期会出现超子，并影响关键的天体物理可观测量。 我们提出了首次同时描述轻到中等质量范围内的单个和双个$\Lambda$超核、$\beta$稳定的超核物质的状态方程以及中子星性质的{\em 从头计算}计算。 尽管具有多个重子自由度的量子蒙特卡罗（QMC）模拟具有巨大的复杂性，但通过结合核晶格有效场论与一种新开发的辅助场QMC算法，我们实现了首个无符号问题的{\em 从头计算}QMC模拟，该模拟可以包含任意数量的中子、质子和$\Lambda$超子，包括所有相关的二体和三体相互作用。 这消除了长期以来用于在对称核物质和纯中子物质之间插值的对称能近似方法。 我们的统一计算再现了超子分离能，得出的中子星最大质量与观测结果一致，预测的潮汐变形性与引力波测量结果兼容，并给出了符合贝叶斯约束的迹异常。 通过在一个单一的{\em 从头计算}框架内连接有限超核和无限超核物质的物理，这项工作建立了超核结构、致密物质成分和中子星天体物理特性之间的直接微观联系。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Hypernuclei and hypernuclear matter connect nuclear structure in the strangeness sector with the astrophysics of neutron stars, where hyperons are expected to emerge at high densities and affect key astrophysical observables. We present the first {\em ab initio} calculations that simultaneously describe single- and double-$\Lambda$ hypernuclei from the light to medium-mass range, the equation of state for $\beta$-stable hypernuclear matter, and neutron star properties. Despite the formidable complexity of quantum Monte Carlo~(QMC) simulations with multiple baryonic degrees of freedom, by combining nuclear lattice effective field theory with a newly developed auxiliary-field QMC algorithm we achieve the first sign-problem free {\em ab initio} QMC simulations of hypernuclear systems containing an arbitrary number of neutrons, protons, and $\Lambda$ hyperons, including all relevant two- and three-body interactions. This eliminates reliance on the symmetry-energy approximation, long used to interpolate between symmetric nuclear matter and pure neutron matter. Our unified calculations reproduce hyperon separation energies, yield a neutron star maximum mass consistent with observations, predict tidal deformabilities compatible with gravitational-wave measurements, and give a trace anomaly in line with Bayesian constraints. By bridging the physics of finite hypernuclei and infinite hypernuclear matter within a single {\em ab initio} framework, this work establishes a direct microscopic link between hypernuclear structure, dense matter composition, and the astrophysical properties of neutron stars.