标题： 欧盟人工智能法案中的主体角色：映射与监管影响 显示英文标题

标题： Subject Roles in the EU AI Act: Mapping and Regulatory Implications

摘要： 欧盟的人工智能法案（法规（EU）2024/1689）通过第3条中定义的相互关联的主体复杂生态系统，建立了世界上首个全面的人工智能系统监管框架。 本文对六个主要行为者类别——提供者、部署者、授权代表、进口商、分销商和产品制造商进行了结构化的审查，这些行为者在法规中统称为“操作者”。 通过对第3条定义及其在法规的113条、180条前言和13个附录中的详细说明进行研究，我们绘制了完整的治理结构，并分析了人工智能法案如何监管这些主体。 我们的分析揭示了关键的转变机制，使得主体在特定条件下可以承担不同的角色，特别是通过第25条条款确保问责跟随控制。 我们识别出义务如何通过强制性的信息流动和合作要求在供应链中传递，从而形成一个分布式但协调的治理体系。 研究结果表明，该法规通过基于风险的义务平衡了创新与基本权利的保护，这些义务根据人工智能系统的功能和部署环境进行调整，为实施人工智能法案要求的利益相关者提供了必要的指导。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/1689) establishes the world's first comprehensive regulatory framework for AI systems through a sophisticated ecosystem of interconnected subjects defined in Article 3. This paper provides a structured examination of the six main categories of actors - providers, deployers, authorized representatives, importers, distributors, and product manufacturers - collectively referred to as "operators" within the regulation. Through examination of these Article 3 definitions and their elaboration across the regulation's 113 articles, 180 recitals, and 13 annexes, we map the complete governance structure and analyze how the AI Act regulates these subjects. Our analysis reveals critical transformation mechanisms whereby subjects can assume different roles under specific conditions, particularly through Article 25 provisions ensuring accountability follows control. We identify how obligations cascade through the supply chain via mandatory information flows and cooperation requirements, creating a distributed yet coordinated governance system. The findings demonstrate how the regulation balances innovation with the protection of fundamental rights through risk-based obligations that scale with the capabilities and deployment contexts of AI systems, providing essential guidance for stakeholders implementing the AI Act's requirements.