标题： 三点规则变化对足球比赛中竞争平衡的影响：合成控制方法的方法论 显示英文标题

标题： Impact of Three-Point Rule Change on Competitive Balance in Football: A Synthetic Control Method Approach

摘要： 体育管理机构经常对规则和规定进行更改以提高竞争性。 1981年，英格兰足球协会做出了一项这样的更改，当时它将国内联赛中胜场积分的规则从2分制改为3分制。 本研究旨在通过合成控制方法的准实验估计设计，衡量这一规则变化对国内联赛竞争平衡的影响。 3分制的改变导致了英格兰联赛竞争平衡的增加。 此外，我们显示每场比赛进球数没有显著变化。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Governing authorities in sports often make changes to rules and regulations to increase competitiveness. One such change was made by the English Football Association in 1981 when it changed the rule for awarding points in the domestic league from two points for a win to three points. This study aims to measure this rule change's impact on the domestic league's competitive balance using a quasi-experimental estimation design of a synthetic control method. The three-point rule change led to an increase in competitive balance in the English League. Further, we show no significant change in the number of goals scored per match.