标题： 社交媒体干预和威慑机制的双重类型学：针对虚假信息 显示英文标题

标题： A dual typology of social media interventions and deterrence mechanisms against misinformation

摘要： 针对虚假信息日益增长的威胁，社交媒体平台引入了各种干预措施，旨在减少虚假信息的传播和影响。 然而，目前缺乏一种连贯的宏观层面视角，来解释这些干预措施如何独立和共同发挥作用。 为弥补这一差距，我通过一个与威慑理论相一致的干预措施谱系，提出了一种双重分类法，并借鉴了国际关系、军事、网络安全和公共卫生领域的类比。 我认为，五大类平台干预措施，包括删除、降低、告知、综合和多模式干预，可以根据其目的和可见性，对应到五大相应的威慑机制，包括强硬威慑、情境威慑、软性威慑、综合威慑和混合威慑。 这些对应关系揭示了平台如何应用不同程度的威慑机制来影响用户行为。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In response to the escalating threat of misinformation, social media platforms have introduced a wide range of interventions aimed at reducing the spread and influence of false information. However, there is a lack of a coherent macrolevel perspective that explains how these interventions operate independently and collectively. To address this gap, I offer a dual typology through a spectrum of interventions aligned with deterrence theory and drawing parallels from international relations, military, cybersecurity, and public health. I argue that five major types of platform interventions, including removal, reduction, informing, composite, and multimodal, can be mapped to five corresponding deterrence mechanisms, including hard, situational, soft, integrated, and mixed deterrence based on purpose and perceptibility. These mappings illuminate how platforms apply varying degrees of deterrence mechanisms to influence user behavior.