标题： 埃奇沃思的精确且自然加权的进化功利主义与庞戈先生的幸福 显示英文标题

标题： Edgeworth's exact and naturally weighted evolutionary utilitarianism and the happiness of Mr. Pongo

摘要： 本文挑战了对弗朗西斯·伊斯迪罗·埃奇沃思的常规解读，通过重建他将道德科学通过数学统一起来的思想项目。 他在写作的第一阶段所做的贡献，最终在\textit{数学心理学}中达到顶峰，旨在将功利主义重新配置为一门精确的科学，将其建立在心理物理学和进化生物学的基础上。 为了解决给定一组有感知能力的存在者时最大化愉悦的功利主义问题，他将个体建模为“准费希纳函数”，这些函数包含了他们的愉悦能力，该能力由他们在进化秩序中的位置决定。 最大化的难题是通过根据个体的愉悦能力分配资源来解决的。 他的激进反平等结论并非源于抽象的正义原则，而是源于在天然不平等的存在者中最大化福利的必要性。 这种逻辑不仅应用于不同进化等级的有感知能力者，例如著名的大猩猩庞戈先生和人类，还应用于人类的种族、性别和阶级。 本质上，这个体系利用科学的表面中立性来自然化并合理化已有的社会等级制度。 这一分析表明，随后经济学家们，从熊彼特开始，对他的功利主义进行了后续的手术式去除，虽然使他的工具更加易于接受，但却掏空了他的整体哲学体系。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This article challenges the conventional reading of Francis Ysidro Edgeworth by reconstructing his intellectual project of unifying the moral sciences through mathematics. The contribution he made in the first phase of his writing, culminating in \textit{Mathematical Psychics}, aimed to reconfigure utilitarianism as an exact science, grounding it in psychophysics and evolutionary biology. In order to solve the utilitarian problem of maximizing pleasure for a given set of sentient beings, he modeled individuals as ``quasi-Fechnerian'' functions, which incorporated their capacity for pleasure as determined by their place in the evolutionary order. The problem of maximization is solved by distributing means according to the individuals' capacity for pleasure. His radical anti-egalitarian conclusions did not stem from an abstract principle of justice, but from the necessity to maximize welfare among naturally unequal beings. This logic was applied not only to sentients of different evolutionary orders, such as Mr. Pongo, a famous gorilla, and humans, but also to human races, sexes, and classes. The system, in essence, uses the apparent neutrality of science to naturalize and justify pre-existing social hierarchies. This analysis reveals that the subsequent surgical removal of his utilitarianism by economists, starting with Schumpeter, while making his tools palatable, eviscerates his overarching philosophical system.