广义相对论与量子宇宙学

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[1] arXiv:2508.02752 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 观察虫洞阴影内的吸积盘 显示英文标题

标题： Observing an accretion disk inside a wormhole shadow

I. D. Novikov, S. V. Repin, D. A. Paksivatova

评论： 8页，8图

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

论文考虑了通过Ellis-Bronnikov-Morris-Thorne虫洞的喉部观测吸积盘的可能性。 结果显示，这个图像具有复杂的结构，并且与黑洞周围的吸积盘图像有根本的不同。 在吸积盘平面与观察者视线之间的不同角度下展示了吸积盘的图像。 显示英文摘要

The paper considers the problem of the possibility of observing an accretion disk through the throat of the Ellis-Bronnikov-Morris-Thorne wormhole. It is shown that this image has a complex structure and is fundamentally different from the image of an accretion disk around a black hole. Images of the accretion disk are presented at various angles between the plane of the disk and the observer's line of sight.

[2] arXiv:2508.02756 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 从无中创造宇宙作为宇宙学原理的替代方案 显示英文标题

标题： Creating a Universe from Nothing as an Alternative to the Cosmological Principle

Philip D. Mannheim, Daniel A. Norman, Tianye Liu

评论： 18页，8图

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

在宇宙学Robertson-Walker几何中，根据宇宙学原理，Weyl张量$C^{\mu\lambda\nu\kappa}$和Bach张量$W^{\mu\nu}=[2\nabla_{\kappa}\nabla_{\lambda}-R_{\lambda\kappa}]C^{\mu\lambda\nu\kappa}$都为零。 一般来说，在宇宙学背景的扰动中，波动的$\delta C^{\mu\lambda\nu\kappa}$或$\delta W^{\mu\nu}$都不会为零。 然而，即使$\delta C^{\mu\lambda\nu\kappa}$不为零，$\delta W^{\mu\nu}$也有可能为零。 在本文中，我们构建了一个具体的模型，其中这种情况成立。 该模型由一个在具有常负3曲率背景上波动的张量引力波组成。 该模型是精确可解的，仅由几何量组成，完全没有物质场（即，$G^{\mu\nu}=0$，$\delta G^{\mu\nu}=0$，$W^{\mu\nu}=0$，$\delta W^{\mu\nu}=0$，其中$G^{\mu\nu}$是爱因斯坦张量）。因此，该模型可以凭空创建，从无中创造宇宙因此成为宇宙学原理的一种替代原则。波动的引力波以可计算的方式对宇宙微波背景的温度各向异性做出贡献，我们提供了一种处理空间模式的简单解析方法，该方法基于空间模式叠加定理的使用。此外，我们还提供了一种基于带宽受限函数性质的各向异性处理方法。 显示英文摘要

In the cosmological Robertson-Walker geometry required of the cosmological principle both the Weyl tensor $C^{\mu\lambda\nu\kappa}$ and the Bach tensor $W^{\mu\nu}=[2\nabla_{\kappa}\nabla_{\lambda}-R_{\lambda\kappa}]C^{\mu\lambda\nu\kappa}$ vanish. In general, in perturbations around the cosmological background neither of the fluctuating $\delta C^{\mu\lambda\nu\kappa}$ or $\delta W^{\mu\nu}$ would vanish. However, it is possible for $\delta W^{\mu\nu}$ to vanish even as $\delta C^{\mu\lambda\nu\kappa}$ does not. In this paper we construct an explicit model in which this is the case. The model consists of a tensor gravitational wave fluctuating around a background with a constant negative 3-curvature. The model is exactly solvable and consists purely of geometric quantities with no matter fields at all (i.e., $G^{\mu\nu}=0$, $\delta G^{\mu\nu}=0$, $W^{\mu\nu}=0$, $\delta W^{\mu\nu}=0$, where $G^{\mu\nu}$ is the Einstein tensor). The model can thus be created out of nothing, with creating a universe from nothing thus being an alternative principle to the cosmological principle. The fluctuating gravitational wave contributes to the temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background in a calculable manner, for which we provide a simple analytic way of treating spatial modes that is based on the use of a spatial mode addition theorem. In addition, we provide a treatment of the anisotropy that is based on properties of bandwidth limited functions.

[3] arXiv:2508.02768 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 基于李雅普诺夫指数的施瓦茨希尔德AdS黑洞周围弦云相结构分析 显示英文标题

标题： Lyapunov Exponent Approach to Phase Structure of Schwarzschild AdS Black Holes Surrounded by a Cloud of Strings

Arun Kumar, Qiang Wu, Tao Zhu, Sushant G. Ghosh

评论： 12页，8图

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

我们研究包围着弦云的反德西特（AdS）时空中的施瓦茨希尔德黑洞（BH-AdS-CoS），结合了弦双矢量的电和磁类似分量。 热力学上，这些系统表现出小/中/大黑洞相，一阶和二阶转变由弦参数$c_0$控制。 动力学上，我们通过不稳定圆测地线的李雅普诺夫指数$\lambda$来探测相结构。 对于无质量粒子（$\delta = 0$），解析表达式$\lambda$在一阶转变区域（$c_0 < c_{\text{cri}}$）显示出多值行为，分支映射到热力学相（$\lambda_{\text{SBH}}, \lambda_{\text{IBH}}, \lambda_{\text{LBH}}$）。 不连续性$\Delta\lambda = \lambda_{\text{SBH}} - \lambda_{\text{LBH}}$在$T_p$上遵循均场标度：$\Delta\lambda / \lambda_{\text{cri}} \propto (T_\text{cri} - T)^{1/2} \quad (\beta = 1/2)$。对于大质量粒子（$\delta = 1$），类时测地线的数值计算确认$\lambda$作为序参数，临界指数$\beta = 1/2$是普遍的。 关键区别显现出来：对于光子，$\lambda\to 1$为渐近情况，而对于大质量粒子在显著黑洞相中，$\lambda\to 0$是由于不稳定轨道的消失。 $\lambda$在$c_0 = c_{\text{cri}}$处从多值变为单值，使其成为黑洞临界性的通用动力学探测器。 \(\Delta\lambda\)的通用临界指数 1/2 进一步加强了与传统热力学系统的类比。 我们的结果确认了 BH-AdS-CoS 的热力学相结构与测试粒子动力学之间的直接联系，其中李雅普诺夫指数作为黑洞临界性的敏感诊断工具浮现出来。 显示英文摘要

We investigate Schwarzschild black holes in anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes surrounded by a cloud of strings (BH-AdS-CoS), incorporating both electric- and magnetic-like components of the string bi-vector. Thermodynamically, these systems exhibit small/intermediate/large black hole phases with first- and second-order transitions governed by the string parameter $c_0$. Dynamically, we probe the phase structure using Lyapunov exponents $\lambda$ from unstable circular geodesics. For massless particles ($\delta = 0$), analytical expressions $\lambda$ reveal multivalued behavior in first-order transition regimes ($c_0 < c_{\text{cri}}$), with branches mapping to thermodynamic phases ($\lambda_{\text{SBH}}, \lambda_{\text{IBH}}, \lambda_{\text{LBH}}$). The discontinuity $\Delta\lambda = \lambda_{\text{SBH}} - \lambda_{\text{LBH}}$ at $T_p$ follows mean-field scaling: $\Delta\lambda / \lambda_{\text{cri}} \propto (T_\text{cri} - T)^{1/2} \quad (\beta = 1/2)$. For massive particles ($\delta = 1$), numerical computation of timelike geodesics confirms $\lambda$ as an order parameter, with critical exponent $\beta = 1/2$ universally. Key distinctions emerge: $\lambda\to 1$ asymptotically for photons, while $\lambda\to 0$ in the significant black hole phase for massive particles due to vanishing unstable orbits. The transition of $\lambda$ from multivalued to single-valued at $c_0 = c_{\text{cri}}$ establishes it as a universal dynamical probe of black hole criticality. The universal critical exponent of 1/2 for \(\Delta\lambda\) further reinforces the analogy with conventional thermodynamic systems. Our results confirm a direct connection between the thermodynamic phase structure of BH-AdS-CoS and the dynamics of test particles, with the Lyapunov exponent emerging as a sensitive diagnostic of black hole criticality.

[4] arXiv:2508.02824 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 可穿越的卡鲁扎-克莱因虫洞？ 显示英文标题

标题： Traversable Kaluza-Klein wormholes?

Christopher Simmonds (Victoria University of Wellington), Matt Visser (Victoria University of Wellington)

评论： 15页；1图

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

各种作者提出，可穿越虫洞的Kaluza--Klein变体在某种程度上可能缓解在假设可穿越虫洞喉部存在时固有的散焦特性（曲率条件违反，以及由此产生的能量条件违反）。 我们将证明，在Kaluza--Klein框架下，完全消除虫洞喉部的散焦特性的代价非常高——第五维在虫洞喉部附近必须变得真正巨大（形式上为无限大），这种情形与传统的Kaluza--Klein假设根本上不相容。 虽然可穿越的Kaluza--Klein虫洞可能在其他方面有趣，但必须强调的是，增加第五维在缓解曲率条件违反方面并不是特别有用。 显示英文摘要

Various authors have suggested that Kaluza--Klein variants of traversable wormholes might to some extent ameliorate the defocussing properties (the curvature condition violations, and implied energy condition violations) inherent in positing the existence of a traversable wormhole throat. We shall show that in a Kaluza--Klein context the price paid for completely eliminating the defocussing properties of the wormhole throat is extremely high -- the 5th dimension has to become truly enormous (formally infinite) in the vicinity of the wormhole throat, in a manner that is fundamentally incompatible with the traditional Kaluza--Klein ansatz. While traversable Kaluza--Klein wormholes might be interesting for other reasons, it must be emphasized that adding a 5th dimension is not particularly useful in terms of ameliorating violations of the curvature conditions.

[5] arXiv:2508.03020 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 克尔-贝托蒂-罗宾逊黑洞的光学特性 显示英文标题

标题： Optical Characteristics of the Kerr-Bertotti-Robinson Black Hole

Xiao-Xiong Zeng, Chen-Yu Yang, Hao Yu

评论： 26页，15图

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

克尔-贝罗蒂-罗宾逊（克尔-BR）黑洞是一种理论模型，描述了一个处于均匀磁场中的旋转黑洞，最近由波多尔斯基和奥夫查伦科提出。 本研究基于精确解，研究了克尔-BR黑洞的光学特性。 我们分析了在两种照明模型下的光学图像：天体光源和几何薄吸积盘。 我们揭示了模型中基本参数的不同作用。 具体而言，发现无论在何种照明模型下，旋转参数对克尔-BR黑洞光学图像的影响与磁场的影响有显著不同。 随着磁场的增加，阴影和爱因斯坦环的半径都会增大。 我们还尝试利用M87*和Sgr A*的数据来限制磁场。 这些结果增强了我们对克尔-BR黑洞光学特性的理解，并为解释未来关于处于均匀磁场中的黑洞光学图像的观测提供了理论基础。 最后，我们指出，随着黑洞图像分辨率的提高，有可能检测到潜在的类似BR的磁场围绕黑洞。 显示英文摘要

The Kerr-Bertotti-Robinson (Kerr-BR) black hole, a theoretical model of a rotating black hole immersed in a uniform magnetic field, has been proposed recently by Podolsky and Ovcharenko. This study investigates the optical characteristics of the Kerr-BR black hole based on the exact solution. We analyze the optical image under two illumination models: a celestial light source and a geometrically thin accretion disk. We reveal distinct roles for the fundamental parameters in the model. Specifically, it is found that under both illumination models, the effect of the rotation parameter on the optical image of the Kerr-BR black hole is significantly different from that of the magnetic field. As the magnetic field increases, the radii of both the shadow and the Einstein ring enlarge. We also attempt to use the data from M87* and Sgr A* to constrain the magnetic field. These results enhance our understanding of the optical characteristics of the Kerr-BR black hole and establish a theoretical foundation for interpreting future observations on the optical image of the black hole immersed in a uniform magnetic field. Finally, we point out that with advances in the resolution of black hole images, it is possible to detect potential BR-like magnetic fields around black holes.

[6] arXiv:2508.03106 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 关于最小霍拉瓦引力的可行性 显示英文标题

标题： On the viability of minimal Hořava gravity

Ted Jacobson, Pranav Pulakkat

评论： 33页，1图

期刊参考： 2025 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 58 315404（特刊：场、引力、弦与超越：纪念斯坦利·德塞尔）

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

霍拉瓦引力是一种破坏洛伦兹对称性的广义相对论（GR）修改模型，具有优先的类空叶状结构。观测证据对该模型中的参数值施加了严格的限制，因此剩下的可行部分由牛顿常数和一个额外参数充分描述。我们从哈密顿观点分析了这个受限理论，该理论称为最小霍拉瓦引力（$\mathrm{mHg}$）。我们发现，为了消除在高频下不稳定且在低频下强耦合的病态模式，该理论必须进一步限制，使得优先叶状结构的每个切片都具有常数平均曲率。我们将该理论称为“最小最小霍拉瓦引力”（$\mathrm{m^2Hg}$）。它有两个区域；一个区域中平均曲率与时间无关，在这种情况下，它等价于带有非零宇宙学常数的GR的一个特定叶状结构，另一个区域中平均曲率随时间变化。在后一种情况下，由于规范函数通过椭圆方程演化，存在无限传播速度，因此该理论以一种奇特的非局部方式不同于GR。为了检验具有时间依赖平均曲率的区域的可行性，我们详细研究了薄尘壳的球对称塌缩问题。解可以从初始条件明确确定，直到壳首次收缩到一点的切片。之后，存在一个瞬时传播的球形模式，其演化未确定，表明柯西问题的失败。 显示英文摘要

Ho\v{r}ava gravity is a Lorentz-violating modification of general relativity (GR) with a preferred spacelike foliation. Observational evidence has put strong constraints on the parameter values in this model, so that the remaining viable sector is well-characterized by the Newton constant and a single additional parameter. We analyze this restricted theory, which is called minimal Ho\v{r}ava gravity ($\mathrm{mHg}$), from the Hamiltonian point of view. We find that in order to eliminate a pathological mode that is unstable at high frequencies and strongly coupled at low frequencies the theory must be further restricted so that the slices of the preferred foliation each have constant mean curvature. We dub this theory "minimal minimal Ho\v{r}ava gravity" ($\mathrm{m^2Hg}$). It has two regimes; one in which the mean curvature is time independent, in which case it is equivalent to a particular foliation of GR with nonzero cosmological constant, and another in which the mean curvature is time dependent. In the latter there is an infinite propagation speed since the lapse evolves via an elliptic equation, and the theory thus differs from GR in a peculiar nonlocal fashion. To probe the viability of the sector with time dependent mean curvature, we study in detail the problem of spherical collapse of a thin dust shell. The solution is determined unambiguously from initial conditions until the slice on which the shell first contracts to a point. Afterwards, there is an instantaneously propagating spherical mode with undetermined evolution, demonstrating a failure of the Cauchy problem.

[7] arXiv:2508.03185 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 探测弱引力猜想：超极端非线性带电AdS黑洞中的新型Aschenbach特征 显示英文标题

标题： Probing the Weak Gravity Conjecture: Novel Aschenbach Signatures in Superextremal Non-Linear Charged AdS Black Holes

Mohammad Reza Alipour, Mohammad Ali S Afshar, Saeed Noori Gashti, Behnam Pourhassan, Jafar Sadeghi

评论： 16页，7图。arXiv管理员注：与arXiv:2508.01487存在文本重叠

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

本研究在大质量引力框架下探讨了非线性带电反德西特（AdS）黑洞解，其动机源于最近将弱引力猜想（WGC）与弱宇宙审查猜想（WCCC）和光子球动力学等现象联系起来的进展。 在这些基础上，我们关注阿申巴赫效应——一种与光子球几何密切相关的相对论现象，在某些特殊的亚极端非旋转黑洞中已知会发生。 我们的主要目标是确定该效应不仅在极端极限处存在，而且在超极端区域也持续存在，从而检验这些极端条件下黑洞特性的稳定性和有效性。 通过分析大质量引力中的非线性带电AdS黑洞解，我们证明阿申巴赫效应在极端和超极端配置中仍然是一个稳健的特征。 这一扩展表明，与高自旋黑洞相关的关键相对论特征和底层时空结构在经典边界之外仍然成立。 我们的结果为超紧凑天体的行为提供了新的见解，并突出了探索广义相对论极限以及强引力场中WGC和WCC潜在推广的有希望的方向。 显示英文摘要

This study investigates the nonlinear charged Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole solution within the framework of massive gravity, motivated by recent advancements linking the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) to phenomena such as Weak Cosmic Censorship Conjecture (WCCC) and photon sphere dynamics. Building on these foundations, we focus on the Aschenbach effect-a relativistic phenomenon intricately tied to the geometry of photon spheres and known to occur in some special sub-extremal non rotating black holes. Our primary objective is to determine whether this effect persists not only up to the extremal limit but also beyond, into the superextremal regime, thus probing the stability and validity of black hole characteristics in these extreme conditions. By analyzing the nonlinear charged AdS black hole solutions in massive gravity, we demonstrate that the Aschenbach effect remains a robust feature across both extremal and superextremal configurations. This extension suggests that key relativistic signatures and the underlying spacetime structures associated with high-spin black holes continue to hold beyond classical boundaries. Our results provide new insights into the behavior of ultra-compact objects and highlight promising directions for exploring the limits of general relativity, as well as potential generalizations of the WGC and WCC in strong gravitational fields.

[8] arXiv:2508.03202 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 量子Oppenheimer-Snyder黑洞与第五元素暗能量和弦云：测地线、微扰动力学和热力学性质 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum Oppenheimer-Snyder Black Hole with Quintessential Dark Energy and a String Clouds: Geodesics, Perturbative Dynamics, and Thermal Properties

Faizuddin Ahmed, Ahmad Al-Badawi, İzzet Sakallı

评论： 29页，19图，2表

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

在本文中，我们探索了一种在环量子引力（LQG）框架下包含第五元素场（QF）和弦云（CS）的变形施瓦茨希尔德黑洞（BH），旨在了解这些奇异场如何共同影响黑洞附近的多种物理现象。我们系统地研究了量子奥本海默-辛德勒（QOS）时空，通过推导完整的度规并分析视界结构，展示了通过量子变形效应、CS和QF参数的相互作用对经典几何的显著修改。我们的全面测地线分析表明，零测地线表现出修改的有效势能和改变的光子轨迹，而类时测地线相比经典预测显示出增强的轨道速度和测地线进动频率，这可能通过精密测量提供可观测的特征。黑洞阴影的研究显示，随着CS和QF参数的增加，阴影半径系统性增大，为通过下一代高分辨率观测测试奇异物质配置提供了新可能性。我们研究了不同自旋的场扰动——包括标量、电磁（EM）和费米场——证明黑洞在外部扰动下保持稳定，同时表现出修改的准正则模（QNM）频谱，这可能作为观测区分器。最显著的是，我们的热力学分析揭示了包括负温度区域在内的奇异热行为，根本改变了稳定性条件，并在不同的BH配置之间表现出真实的相变，远远超出了经典广义相对论的预测。 显示英文摘要

In this paper, we explore a deformed Schwarzschild black hole (BH) within a loop quantum gravity (LQG) framework incorporating both a quintessence field (QF) and a cloud of strings (CS), aiming to understand how these exotic fields collectively influence various physical phenomena in the BH's vicinity. We systematically investigate the quantum Oppenheimer--Snyder (QOS) spacetime by deriving the complete metric and analyzing horizon structures, showing significant modifications to the classical geometry through the interplay of quantum deformation effects, CS, and QF parameters. Our comprehensive geodesic analysis demonstrates that null geodesics exhibit modified effective potentials and altered photon trajectories, while timelike geodesics show enhanced orbital velocities and geodesic precession frequencies compared to classical predictions, providing potentially observable signatures through precision measurements. The BH shadow investigation reveals systematic increases in shadow radius with both CS and QF parameters, offering new possibilities for testing exotic matter configurations through next-generation high-resolution observations. We examine field perturbations of different spins -- including scalar, electromagnetic (EM), and fermionic fields -- demonstrating that the BH remains stable under external disturbances while exhibiting modified quasinormal mode (QNM) spectra that could serve as observational discriminators. Most remarkably, our thermodynamic analysis reveals exotic thermal behavior including negative temperature regimes, fundamentally altered stability conditions, and genuine phase transitions between distinct BH configurations, extending well beyond classical general relativity predictions.

[9] arXiv:2508.03226 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 粒子动力学和卡布-拉蒙德模最大黑洞的热力学性质：对奇异物理观测测试的理论预测 显示英文标题

标题： Particle Dynamics and Thermal Properties in Kalb-Ramond ModMax Black Holes: Theoretical Predictions for Observational Tests of Exotic Physics

Faizuddin Ahmed, Ahmad Al-Badawi, İzzet Sakallı

评论： 25页，17图，4表

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们对由ModMax电动力学源的Kalb--Ramond (KR)黑洞（BH）时空中的测地运动和热力学行为进行了全面的理论研究。 中性和带电测试粒子的动力学均被研究，突显了洛伦兹对称性破缺（LSB）参数$\ell$、ModMax非线性参数$\gamma$和离散分支参数$\zeta$如何显著改变轨道结构，与经典的Schwarzschild和Reissner--Nordström（RN）解相比。 有效势分析揭示了内稳定圆轨道（ISCO）的显著偏移：普通分支允许更接近视界的稳定轨道，而幽灵分支则将其向外移动5-10倍。 对于带电粒子，修改引力和非线性电磁场的共同影响可能在某些区域引起混沌轨迹。 在热力学方面，我们推导了霍金温度、熵和赫姆霍兹自由能的完整表达式。 普通分支表现出发散的比热，表明二阶相变，而幽灵分支则始终呈现负的比热，暗示热不稳定。 发现幽灵黑洞具有更高的霍金温度，并表现出不同的热力学相结构，包括霍金--佩奇类型的相变。 观测特征如黑洞阴影和引力透镜被研究，揭示了光子球半径和偏转角的参数依赖性变化。 值得注意的是，通过高斯--博内特定理方法（GBTm）进行的偏转角分析显示，幽灵分支与普通分支的电磁修正符号相反，这表明潜在的观测判据。 显示英文摘要

We present a comprehensive theoretical study of geodesic motion and thermodynamic behavior in Kalb--Ramond (KR) black hole (BH) spacetimes sourced by ModMax electrodynamics. Both neutral and charged test particle dynamics are investigated, highlighting how the Lorentz symmetry breaking (LSB) parameter $\ell$, the ModMax nonlinearity parameter $\gamma$, and the discrete branch parameter $\zeta$ significantly modify orbital structures compared to classical Schwarzschild and Reissner--Nordstr\"{o}m (RN) solutions. Effective potential analysis reveals notable shifts in the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO): ordinary branches allow stable orbits closer to the horizon, while phantom branches shift them outward by factors of 5--10. For charged particles, the combined influence of modified gravity and nonlinear electromagnetic fields may induce chaotic trajectories in certain regimes. On the thermodynamic side, we derive full expressions for Hawking temperature, entropy, and Helmholtz free energy. Ordinary branches exhibit divergent specific heat indicating second-order phase transitions, whereas phantom branches yield consistently negative specific heat, implying thermal instability. Phantom BHs are found to possess higher Hawking temperatures and show distinct thermodynamic phase structures, including Hawking--Page-type transitions. Observational features such as BH shadows and gravitational lensing are explored, revealing parameter-dependent changes in photon sphere radii and deflection angles. Notably, the deflection angle analysis via the Gauss--Bonnet theorem method (GBTm) shows opposite-sign electromagnetic corrections for phantom versus ordinary branches, suggesting potential observational discriminants.

[10] arXiv:2508.03263 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 体积-距离比渐近性和空间平坦FLRW时空的不可延展性 显示英文标题

标题： Volume-distance-ratio asymptote and spacetime inextensibility of spatially flat FLRW spacetime

Pengyu Le

评论： 17页，3张图。arXiv管理员注释：与arXiv:2507.23097存在文本重叠

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 数学物理 (math-ph) ; 微分几何 (math.DG)

我们研究了具有标度因子$a(t) = t^{\alpha}$的平坦空间 FLRW 时空在过去的类时边界点处的体积-距离比（VDR）渐近行为，对于$\alpha \geq 1$或$\alpha \in (0,1)$。 我们通过体积-距离比渐近行为来应用时空不可延拓性准则，以推导其不可延拓性。 我们证明了当空间维数大于$2$时，存在至少一个非零临界指数$\alpha \in (0,1)$，使得沿$\Sigma_t$正交测地线的 VDR 渐近行为等于闵可夫斯基值。 显示英文摘要

We study the volume-distance-ratio (VDR) asymptote at a past timelike boundary point of spatially flat FLRW spacetime with scale factor $a(t) = t^{\alpha}$, for $\alpha \geq 1$ or $\alpha \in (0,1)$. We employ the spacetime inextensibility criteria via the volume-distance-ratio asymptote to deduce its inextensibility. We show that for spatial dimensions greater than $2$, there exists at least one nonzero critical exponent $\alpha \in (0,1)$ for which the VDR asymptote along a $\Sigma_t$-orthogonal geodesic is equal to the Minkowski value.

[11] arXiv:2508.03270 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 渐近平坦的带标量场黑洞的阴影和准正则模态 显示英文标题

标题： The shadow and quasinormal modes of the asymptotically flat hairy black holes with a dilaton potential

Sheng-Han Xiong, Yong-Zhuang Li, Xiao-Mei Kuang, Jerzy Matyjasek

评论： 11页，6图。欢迎提出意见

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

在本文中，研究了一个具有稀疏势的精确渐近平坦带电毛发黑洞解的阴影和准正则模式（QNMs）。 利用引力场的积分常数$\eta$、质量$M$、电荷$Q$以及$U(1)$场与标量场之间的耦合常数$\nu$的{约束}方程，我们发现阴影半径、李雅普诺夫指数$\lambda$和坐标角速度$\Omega_{c}$仅在$Q$接近极端值时显著受$\nu$影响，特别是当$\nu$接近一时。 此外，QNMs是通过使用Hatsuda方法进行数值计算，并通过高阶WKB近似与Padé求和进行验证。 我们发现当$\nu$足够大时，QNMs接近弦理论的低能极限。 在射线极限下，实部和虚部分别被证明由$\Omega_{c}$和$\lambda$给出。 显示英文摘要

In this article, the shadow and the quasinormal modes (QNMs) of an exact asymptotically flat hairy electrically charged black hole solution with a dilaton potential are investigated. Using the {constraint} equation among the integration constant $\eta$ of the gravitational field, the mass $M$, the electric charge $Q$ and the coupling constant $\nu$ between the $U(1)$ field and the dilaton field, we find that the shadow radii, the Lyapunov exponent $\lambda$ and the coordinate angular velocity $\Omega_{c}$ only significantly affected by $\nu$ if the $Q$ is close to the extremal value, especially when $\nu$ approaches to one. Furthermore, the QNMs are numerically computed by using the Hatsuda method and verify with the higher-order WKB approximations with the Pad\'e summation. We find that the QNMs are close to that of the low energy limit of the string theory when $\nu$ is large enough. In the eikonal limit, the real and imaginary parts are proved to be given by $\Omega_{c}$ and $\lambda$, respectively.

[12] arXiv:2508.03380 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 压缩准正则模从非线性引力效应 显示英文标题

标题： Squeezed Quasinormal Modes from Nonlinear Gravitational Effects

Sreenath K. Manikandan, Frank Wilczek

评论： 20页，0图

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我们证明，由于非线性引力效应，长寿命黑洞准正则模会变得量子力学压缩。 我们定量估计了施瓦茨希尔德黑洞基本模式的压缩程度。 显示英文摘要

We demonstrate that long-lived black hole quasi-normal modes become quantum mechanically squeezed due to nonlinear gravitational effects. We estimate the degree of squeezing for the fundamental mode of a Schwarzschild black hole quantitatively.

[13] arXiv:2508.03392 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 十年升级策略用于KAGRA以实现O5之后的引力波天文学 显示英文标题

标题： Decadal upgrade strategy for KAGRA toward post-O5 gravitational-wave astronomy

KAGRA Collaboration: T. Akutsu, M. Ando, M. Aoumi, A. Araya, Y. Aso, L. Baiotti, R. Bajpai, K. Cannon, A. H.-Y. Chen, D. Chen, H. Chen, A. Chiba, C. Chou, M. Eisenmann, K. Endo, T. Fujimori, S. Garg, D. Haba, S. Haino, R. Harada, H. Hayakawa, K. Hayama, S. Fujii, Y. Himemoto, N. Hirata, C. Hirose, H.-F. Hsieh, H.-Y. Hsieh, C. Hsiung, S.-H. Hsu, K. Ide, R. Iden, S. Ikeda, H. Imafuku, R. Ishikawa, Y. Itoh, M. Iwaya, H-B. Jin, K. Jung, T. Kajita, I. Kaku, M. Kamiizumi, N. Kanda, H. Kato, T. Kato, R. Kawamoto, S. Kim, C.Kim, K. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, K. Kokeyama, K. Komori, A. K. H. Kong, T. Koyama, J. Kume, S. Kuroyanagi, S. Kuwahara, K. Kwak, S. Kwon, H. W. Lee, R. Lee, S. Lee, K. L. Li, L. C.-C. Lin, E.-T.-Lin, Y.-C. Lin, G. C. Liu, K. Maeda, M. Meyer-Conde, Y. Michimura, K. Mitsuhashi, O. Miyakawa, S. Miyoki, S. Morisaki, Y. Moriwaki, M. Murakoshi, K. Nakagaki, K. Nakamura, H. Nakano, T. Narikawa, L. Naticchioni, L. Nguyen Quynh, Y. Nishino, A. Nishizawa, K. Obayashi, M. Ohashi, M. Onishi, K. Oohara, S. Oshino, R. Ozaki, M. A. Page, K.-C. Pan, B.-J. Park, J. Park, F. E. Pena Arellano, N. Ruhama, S. Saha, K. Sakai, Y. Sakai

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 天体物理学的仪器与方法 (astro-ph.IM)

KAGRA合作组研究了KAGRA引力波探测器的十年升级策略，考虑了14种不同的升级选项，这些选项在镜片质量、量子噪声减少技术以及低温悬挂的质量方面有所不同。 我们评估了这些配置的科学潜力，重点关注如致密双星合并的参数估计、双中子星合并后的信号以及连续引力波等关键目标。 我们并没有旨在统一改进所有科学案例，而是优先考虑对探测器配置最敏感的案例。 技术可行性基于所需硬件开发、相关研发工作、成本和风险进行评估。 我们的研究表明，一个在200 Hz以上宽频段提升灵敏度的高频升级计划，在科学回报和技术可行性之间提供了最佳平衡。 这样的升级将使在LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA网络中对双中子星合并的天空定位达到100 Mpc以内优于0.5度$^2$，并且与没有KAGRA的网络相比，中位数情况下潮汐可变形参数的测量精度可提高约10%。 显示英文摘要

The KAGRA Collaboration has investigated a ten-year upgrade strategy for the KAGRA gravitational wave detector, considering a total of 14 upgrade options that vary in mirror mass, quantum noise reduction techniques, and the quality of cryogenic suspensions. We evaluated the scientific potential of these configurations with a focus on key targets such as parameter estimation of compact binary coalescences, binary neutron star post-merger signals, and continuous gravitational waves. Rather than aiming to improve all science cases uniformly, we prioritized those most sensitive to the detector configuration. Technical feasibility was assessed based on required hardware developments, associated R\&D efforts, cost, and risk. Our study finds that a high-frequency upgrade plan that enhances sensitivity over a broad frequency range above ~200 Hz offers the best balance between scientific return and technical feasibility. Such an upgrade would enable sky localization of binary neutron star mergers at 100 Mpc to better than 0.5 deg$^2$ in a LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA network, and improve the measurement precision of tidal deformability parameter by approximately 10% at median, compared to a network without KAGRA.

[14] arXiv:2508.03486 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 全息F(Q,T)引力的Lambert解 显示英文标题

标题： Holographic F(Q,T) Gravity with Lambert Solution

Houda Filali, Mouhsine Koussou, Mohamed Bennai, Rachid Ahl Laamara

期刊参考： 《理论物理国际期刊》63.4（2024）：104

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

在本工作中，我们研究了一种全息暗能量模型，在修改引力的框架下使用FLRW宇宙学。通过考虑引力作用量L为非度规Q的任意函数f，得到了对对称平行引力的扩展，其中非度规Q负责引力相互作用，并且其迹为物质能量动量张量T，因此L=f(Q,T)。我们根据宇宙时间与红移之间的关系t(z)=kt0/b*f(z)，其中f(z) = W[b/k*e((b-ln(1+z))/k)]，W表示Lambert函数，来阐述所导出宇宙学模型的特性，并讨论方程状态参数和减速度参数轨迹在演化宇宙中的演化，使用该模型的一种特殊然后推广的版本。 显示英文摘要

In this work, we study a model of holographic dark energy using FLRW cosmology in the context of modified gravity. An extension of the symmetric teleparallel gravity is obtained by considering the gravitational action L is given by an arbitrary function f of the nonmetricity Q, where the nonmetricity Q is responsible for the gravitational interaction, and the trace of the matter energy momentum tensor T, so that L=f(Q,T). We expand on the features of the derived cosmological model in view of the relation between cosmic time and redshift as t(z)=kt0/b*f(z) where f(z) = W[b/k*e((b-ln(1+z))/k)] and W denotes the Lambert function, and discuss the evolution of the trajectories of the equation of state parameters and deceleration parameter in the evolving universe using a special then generalized version of the model.

[15] arXiv:2508.03495 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 线性标量扰动在f(Q)+f(T)类f(Q,T)引力中的动力学 显示英文标题

标题： Dynamics of Linear Scalar Perturbation in f(Q)+f(T) class of f(Q,T) gravity

Houda Filali, Rachid Ahl Laamara, Mohamed Bennai, El Hassan Saidi

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

在本工作中，我们研究了对称平行引力修改理论框架下的f(Q,T)模型。 使用一种通用方法，我们提取了物质密度的微分方程，然后通过考虑亚哈勃近似将其简化为二阶方程。 我们的分析基于两种不同的f(Q,T)形式，我们以经典方法进行研究，并再次使用全息暗能量。 我们的初步结果显示出与LambdaCDM模型扰动行为的显著偏差，对这类理论的可行性施加了严格的限制，但HDE贡献引发了一场有趣的讨论。 显示英文摘要

In this work, we study the f(Q,T) model of symmetric teleparallel modified gravity in the framework of cosmological perturbation theory. Using a general approach, we extract the differential matter density equation then we simplify it as a second-order equation by considering the sub-Hubble approximation. Our analysis is then based on two different forms of f(Q,T) that we study in a classic approach and again using Holographic dark energy. Our initial results yield a significant divergence from the perturbed behavior of the LambdaCDM model, imposing stringent constraints on the feasibility of this class of theories but the HDE contribution triggers an interesting discussion.

[16] arXiv:2508.03519 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 李雅普诺夫指数和五次元电荷Ads黑洞的相变 显示英文标题

标题： Lyapunov exponents and phase transition of charged Ads black hole in quintessence

Xiaobo Guo, Rui Yang, Yizhi Liang, Jun Tao

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

本研究探讨了浸入第五元素场中的RN-AdS黑洞的相变，采用李雅普诺夫指数作为动力学探针来表征黑洞的热力学性质。 将第五元素暗能量引入RN-AdS框架中，我们发现对于零和类时测地线的李雅普诺夫指数随着第五元素场的归一化因子增加而表现出减弱的混沌行为。 这一特性为不稳定圆光子轨道的李雅普诺夫指数引入了一个有限截断值，使其与RN-AdS黑洞区分开来。 在相变点，自由能和李雅普诺夫指数都表现出多值分支，反映了不同黑洞相的共存。 此外，李雅普诺夫指数的不连续性可以作为序参量，在临界点附近具有临界指数$1/2$，这与范德瓦尔斯流体的热力学临界性一致。 这些工作表明，李雅普诺夫指数为探测黑洞热力学提供了一个框架。 显示英文摘要

This study investigates the phase transitions of RN-AdS black holes immersed in a quintessence field, employing Lyapunov exponents as a dynamical probe to characterize the thermodynamics of black hole. Incorporating quintessence dark energy into the RN-AdS framework, we find that the Lyapunov exponents for null and timelike geodesics display diminished chaotic behavior with increasing normalization factor of the quintessence field. This feature introduces a finite cutoff to the Lyapunov exponent of unstable circular photon orbits, setting it apart from RN-AdS black hole. At phase transition points, both the free energy and Lyapunov exponents display multivalued branches, reflecting the coexistence of distinct black hole phases. Furthermore, the discontinuity in the Lyapunov exponent can serve as an order parameter with a critical exponent of $1/2$ near the critical point, consistent with the thermodynamic criticality of van der Waals fluids.. These work suggest that Lyapunov exponents provide a framework for probing the thermodynamics of black holes.

[17] arXiv:2508.03548 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 广义相对论在$3+1$形式下的$1/c$展开，重新审视 显示英文标题

标题： The $1/c$ expansion of general relativity in a $3+1$ formulation, revisited

Mahmut Elbistan

评论： 22页

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们研究在与Arnowitt-Deser-Misner和Kol-Smolkin分解兼容的框架中广义相对论的$1/c$展开。 爱因斯坦-希尔伯特作用量在这些分解中具有共同形式，因为它们是彼此对偶的。 我们首先开发一种方法来展开这种一般形式，然后在此新方法中将展开推进到$c^{-3}$阶。 接下来，我们将我们的技术应用于Arnowitt-Deser-Misner分解，并显式地将其展开到$c^{-3}$阶。 为了展示我们方法的适用性并强调展开层面的对偶性，我们还对Kol-Smolkin分解进行了展开，推进到$c^{-1}$阶。 最后，我们做出了一些所有阶次的观察。 显示英文摘要

We study the $1/c$ expansion of general relativity within a formulation that is compatible with both the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner and the Kol-Smolkin decompositions. The Einstein-Hilbert action takes a common form for those decompositions as they are dual to each other. We first develop a method to expand this generic form and then push the expansion up to $c^{-3}$ order within this novel approach. Next, we apply our technique to the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner decomposition and expand it up to $c^{-3}$ order explicitly. In order to demonstrate the applicability of our method and to highlight the duality at the level of expansion, we also perform the expansion in the Kol-Smolkin decomposition up to $c^{-1}$ order. Lastly, we make some all-order observations.

[18] arXiv:2508.03602 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 用DESI BAO数据测试高斯-博内特引力 显示英文标题

标题： Testing Gauss-Bonnet Gravity with DESI BAO Data

Praveen Kumar Dhankar, Dalale Mhamdi, Albert Munyeshyaka, Darshan Kumar, Joseph Ntahompagaze, Taoufik Oualib

评论： 21页，6图

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

在本文中，我们通过使用Pantheon Plus（PP）样本中的Ia型超新星、宇宙时钟（CC）数据以及DESI最近发布的重子声学振荡（BAO）测量数据，在背景层面上对f（G）引力进行观测约束。 对于分析，我们考虑两种数据集的组合：（i）PP + CC，以及（ii）PP + CC + DESI BAO。 在两种情况下，我们通过数值求解两种不同的f（G）模型的修改后的弗里德曼方程来确定最佳拟合参数，即幂律形式和指数形式。 这是通过马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗（MCMC）模拟实现的。 为了评估f（G）模型的统计显著性，我们同时采用了Akaike信息准则（AIC）和贝叶斯信息准则（BIC）。 我们的结果表明，这两种f（G）模型都优于标准的{\Lambda }CDM模型。 值得注意的是，指数模型在红移更接近-0.1处表现出额外的未来转变，表明可能返回到减速阶段。 这种独特的行为使其区别于幂律模型和{\Lambda }CDM情景，后者预测未来将持续加速。 显示英文摘要

In the present paper, we observationally constrain f (G) gravity at the background level using Type Ia supernovae from the Pantheon Plus (PP) sample, cosmic chronometer (CC) data, and the recent Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) measurements released by DESI. For the analysis, we consider two combinations of datasets: (i) PP + CC, and (ii) PP + CC + DESI BAO. In both cases, we determine the best-fit parameters by numerically solving the modified Friedmann equations for two distinct f (G) models, namely the power-law and exponential forms. This is achieved through Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations. To assess the statistical significance of the f (G) models, we employ both the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Our results show that both f (G) models are statistically favored over the standard {\Lambda}CDM model. Notably, the exponential model exhibits an additional future transition at redshift closer to -0.1, indicating a possible return to a decelerating phase. This distinctive behavior sets it apart from both the power-law model and the {\Lambda}CDM scenario, which predict continued acceleration into the future.

[19] arXiv:2508.03615 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 参数化框架中高阶像的干涉特征 显示英文标题

标题： Interferometric signature of higher-order images in a parametrized framework

Fabiano Feleppa, Fabio Aratore, Valerio Bozza

评论： 13页，7图

期刊参考： 物理评论D 112，044007 (2025)

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE)

本文研究了强偏折极限下的引力透镜效应，特别关注在致密天体如黑洞附近产生的高阶像及其通过可见度函数的可观测影响。 采用Rezzolla和Zhidenko提出的稳健参数化框架，该研究系统地探讨了偏离施瓦茨希尔德度规的情况。 提供了对干涉观测量的详细理论分析，强调了高阶像如何在可见度函数中留下独特且可测量的模式，特别是以阶梯状结构为特征。 通过参数变化度规系数，分析揭示了时空偏差与关键观测特征之间的清晰依赖关系，特别是干涉可见度中的步骤高度和周期性。 这些结果增强了解释先进干涉观测数据的理论基础，可能有助于对广义相对论进行精确检验以及区分其他引力理论。 显示英文摘要

This paper investigates gravitational lensing in the strong deflection limit, focusing particularly on higher-order images produced near compact objects such as black holes and their observable impact through the visibility function. Employing a robust parametrization framework proposed by Rezzolla and Zhidenko, the study systematically explores deviations from the Schwarzschild metric. A detailed theoretical analysis of interferometric observables is provided, highlighting how higher-order images imprint distinctive, measurable patterns in the visibility function, notably characterized by a staircase-like structure. By parametrically varying metric coefficients, the analysis reveals clear dependencies between spacetime deviations and key observational signatures, specifically the step heights and periodicities in the interferometric visibility. The results enhance the theoretical groundwork for interpreting data from advanced interferometric observations, potentially enabling precise tests of general relativity and the discrimination among alternative gravitational theories.

交叉提交 (展示 13 之 13 条目 )

[20] arXiv:2508.02785 (交叉列表自 hep-th) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 超越爱因斯坦的爱：使用WEFT在二次引力中度规重建和爱数 显示英文标题

标题： Love beyond Einstein: Metric reconstruction and Love number in quadratic gravity using WEFT

Arpan Bhattacharyya, Saptaswa Ghosh, Naman Kumar, Shailesh Kumar, Sounak Pal

评论： 59页，7图

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

我们研究四维二次引力理论中静态黑洞的潮汐洛夫数，扩展了广义相对论的结果。 我们使用世界线有效场论（WEFT）方法，从一阶函数计算度规扰动，将高阶导数项进行微扰处理。 我们表明在世界线上插入标量场会引发非零的潮汐尾迹，相应的洛夫数不显示运行轨迹。 对于张量场的插入，同样的结论也成立。 此外，对于标量偶极扰动，我们推导出一个被 Yukawa 变形的弗罗贝尼乌斯解，并通过匹配渐近行为来确定紫外电荷，结果与威尔逊系数的有效场论预测一致。 我们的工作表明，二次高曲率修正会引起非零但与尺度无关的潮汐响应，为在引力波观测中测试偏离广义相对论的偏差提供了一个稳健的有效场论框架。 显示英文摘要

We study tidal Love numbers of static black holes in four-dimensional quadratic theory of gravity, extending the result of GR. We use worldline effective field theory (WEFT) methods to compute metric perturbations from one-point functions, treating the higher-derivative terms perturbatively. We show that insertions of scalar fields on the worldline induce non-zero tidal tails, and the corresponding Love number displays no RG running. The same conclusion holds for the insertions of tensor fields. Furthermore, for scalar dipole perturbations, we derive a Yukawa-deformed Frobenius solution and match the asymptotic behavior to fix the UV charge, finding agreement with EFT predictions of Wilson coefficients. Our work demonstrates that quadratic higher-curvature corrections induce non-zero but scale-independent tidal responses, offering a robust EFT framework to test deviations from GR in gravitational wave observations.

[21] arXiv:2508.02794 (交叉列表自 hep-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 来自一阶相变的新高频引力波 显示英文标题

标题： New high-frequency gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions

Wen-Yuan Ai

评论： 6页+附录，5图

主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

一阶相变在早期宇宙中是引力波（GWs）的一个有说服力的来源。 在本信中，我们确定了一种之前被忽视的引力波产生机制：引力过渡辐射，这是由粒子穿过膨胀气泡壁时质量变化而发射的引力子产生的。 与气泡碰撞或声波等传统源不同，这种机制在由洛伦兹收缩的壁厚设定的微观尺度上运行，导致在显著更高的频率下发射引力波。 所产生的频谱具有独特的形状，其峰值频率红移到$f_{\rm peak}\sim \gamma_w T_0\sim \gamma_w\times 10^{10}\,{\rm Hz}$，其中$\gamma_w$是壁速度的洛伦兹提升因子，$T_0$是宇宙当前的温度。 这种机制是普遍的，并预计对于域壁和其他相对论性界面也会以类似的方式运行。 显示英文摘要

First-order phase transitions in the early Universe are a well-motivated source of gravitational waves (GWs). In this Letter, we identify a previously overlooked GW production mechanism: gravitational transition radiation, arising from graviton emission by particles whose mass changes as they pass through expanding bubble walls. Unlike conventional sources such as bubble collisions or sound waves, this mechanism operates at the microscopic scale set by the Lorentz-contracted wall thickness, leading to GW emission at significantly higher frequencies. The resulting spectrum features a distinctive shape with a peak frequency redshifting to $f_{\rm peak}\sim \gamma_w T_0\sim \gamma_w\times 10^{10}\,{\rm Hz}$ where $\gamma_w$ is the Lorentz boost factor of the wall velocity and $T_0$ is the current temperature of the Universe. This mechanism is generic and is expected to operate similarly for domain walls and other relativistic interfaces.

[22] arXiv:2508.02810 (交叉列表自 astro-ph.CO) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 位置漂移与盖亚 显示英文标题

标题： Position drift with Gaia

Andreas Tsigkas Kouvelis, Asta Heinesen, Shashank Shalgar, Mikołaj Korzyński

评论： 15页，9图

主题： 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

本星系外源在我们天空中宇宙距离处的自行（也称为位置漂移）场可用于测量太阳系通过像差效应产生的加速度。 如果测量非常精确，该信号还将包含宇宙学信息，例如关于遥远源的集体流动或张量模式的存在。 在$\Lambda$冷暗物质（$\Lambda$CDM）模型中，太阳系的加速度是宇宙距离处源的位置漂移信号的主要贡献者，因此只要已达到宇宙静止参考系，该测量预期将在红移范围内产生一个恒定的球面偶极子。 本文的目的是测试这一假设。 我们分析了盖亚数据释放3中的宇宙参考系数据集，重点是限制位置漂移信号中的偶极子和四极矩，并着重于信号的红移依赖性，作为$\Lambda$CDM 模型的一致性测试。 我们发现的球面偶极子与太阳系局部加速度预期的恒定红移特征存在轻微矛盾，矛盾程度为$2-3\sigma$。 我们还发现了显著的四极矩成分，但这些成分在红移上没有显著演化。 这些结果最直接的解释是与盖亚仪器相关的未知系统误差，但宇宙学起源也是一种可能性。 我们的分析对偶极子红移依赖性的原因仍无法得出明确结论，并需要借助即将发布的数据进行进一步研究。 我们讨论了这些结果可能的影响，并强调了自行测量在宇宙学中确定静止参考系的重要性。 在讨论中，我们突出了利用盖亚数据进行宇宙学研究的有趣途径。 显示英文摘要

The proper motion (also known as position drift) field of extragalactic sources at cosmological distances across our sky can be used to measure the acceleration of the Solar System through the aberration effect. If measured very precisely, the signal would also hold cosmological information, for instance about bulk flows of distant sources or the presence of tensor modes. In the $\Lambda$ cold dark matter ($\Lambda$CDM) model, the acceleration of the Solar System is by far the dominant contributor to the position drift signal for sources at cosmological distances, and the measurement is therefore expected to yield a constant spheroidal dipole across redshifts as long as convergence to the cosmic restframe has been reached. The aim of this paper is to test this hypothesis. We analyze data from the cosmic reference frame dataset of Gaia data release 3 focusing on constraining the dipole and quadrupole in the position drift signal, with an emphasis on redshift dependence of the signal as a consistency test of the $\Lambda$CDM model. The spheroidal dipole that we find is in mild tension, at the level of $2-3\sigma$, with the constant-in-redshift signature expected from the local acceleration of the Solar System. We also find significant quadrupole components, that however do not have any significant evolution with redshift. The most straightforward interpretation of these findings is (unknown) systematic errors related to the Gaia instrumentation, but a cosmological origin is a possibility. Our analysis remains inconclusive on the cause of the redshift dependence of the dipole and warrants further investigations with upcoming data releases. We discuss possible implications of our results and highlight the importance of proper motion measurements for rest frame determinations in cosmology. In our discussion, we highlight interesting avenues for doing cosmology with Gaia data.

[23] arXiv:2508.02883 (交叉列表自 astro-ph.HE) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 从量子引力有效能量尺度的测量中限制各向异性洛伦兹不变性破坏 显示英文标题

标题： Bounding anisotropic Lorentz Invariance Violation from measurements of the effective energy scale of quantum gravity

Merce Guerrero, Anna Campoy-Ordaz, Robertus Potting, Markus Gaug

主题： 高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

从遥远爆发源观测到的能量依赖光子时间延迟为洛伦兹不变性破坏（LIV）提供了重要的限制。 这些效应起源于修改的真空色散关系，导致同时从伽马射线暴、活动星系核或脉冲星发出的光子传播时间出现差异。 这些修改通常在一个通用框架中通过一个有效的量子引力能量尺度$E_{QG,n}$进行参数化。 虽然这些一般性限制在LIV文献中已经确立，但将其转化为其他理论框架（如标准模型扩展SME）中的具体系数却很少进行。 特别是，对$E_{QG,n}$的二次情况（$n=2$）的现有限制可以系统地转换为对非双折射、CPT守恒的SME系数$c^{(6)}_{(I)jm}$的约束。 这项工作提供了相关SME形式的简明概述，并引入了一种从$E_{QG,2}$到SME参数的透明转换方法。 我们回顾了对$E_{QG,n}$最严格的飞行时间限制，并通过考虑系统误差、应用缺失的前因子以及在需要时将结果转换为双侧高斯不确定性来标准化这些限制。 然后，我们利用这些标准化的约束以及文献中的其他限制，将光子部分的SME系数的限制提高了约一个数量级。 开发了一种一致的方法论，以将一般的LIV框架转换为SME形式。 显示英文摘要

Observations of energy-dependent photon time delays from distant flaring sources provide significant constraints on Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV). Such effects originate from modified vacuum dispersion relations, causing differences in propagation times for photons emitted simultaneously from gamma-ray bursts, active galactic nuclei, or pulsars. These modifications are often parametrized within a general framework by an effective quantum gravity energy scale $E_{QG,n}$. While such general constraints are well established in the LIV literature, their translation into specific coefficients of alternative theoretical frameworks, such as the Standard-Model Extension (SME), is rarely carried out. In particular, existing bounds on the quadratic case ($n=2$) of $E_{QG,n}$ can be systematically converted into constraints on the non-birefringent, CPT-conserving SME coefficients $c^{(6)}_{(I)jm}$. This work provides a concise overview of the relevant SME formalism and introduces a transparent conversion method from $E_{QG,2}$ to SME parameters. We review the most stringent time-of-flight-based bounds on $E_{QG,n}$ and standardize them by accounting for systematics, applying missing prefactors, and transforming results into two-sided Gaussian uncertainties where needed. We then use these standardized constraints, along with additional bounds from the literature, to improve bounds on the individual SME coefficients of the photon sector by about an order of magnitude. A consistent methodology is developed to perform this conversion from the general LIV framework to the SME formalism.

[24] arXiv:2508.02986 (交叉列表自 hep-th) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 二极 Kerr-Schild 假设 显示英文标题

标题： The dyonic Kerr-Schild ansatz

Eloy Ayón-Beato, Daniel Flores-Alfonso, Mokhtar Hassaine, Daniel F. Higuita-Borja

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

我们开发了Kerr-Schild假设的几何扩展，该扩展在统一框架中结合了麦克斯韦场的电和磁部分，而无需采用对偶旋转。 我们首先观察到，已知的纯电解满足麦克斯韦方程，这是由于Kerr-Schild零流形遵循闭合条件。 从相关的局部精确性性质出发，我们构建了一个与流形自然关联的一形式，作为某种Poincaré对偶化的结果。 这使我们提出了一个在Kerr-Schild假设内几何驱动的二极矢量势，定义为沿流形的电贡献和与对偶化一形式对齐的磁贡献的叠加。 然后我们表明，对于静态且轴对称的Kerr-Schild假设，电真空圆周性定理不仅唯一地约束了度规的标量轮廓，还约束了与规范场的电-磁分解相关的那些项。 该形式化方法提供了二极Kerr-Newman解的清晰推导，并自然扩展到(A)dS情况，突显了Kerr-Schild设定中几何与物质之间的内在相互作用。 显示英文摘要

We develop a geometric extension of the Kerr-Schild ansatz that incorporates both electric and magnetic sectors of the Maxwell field in a unified framework, without resorting to duality rotations. We start observing that the known purely electric solution satisfies Maxwell's equations due to a closedness condition obeyed by the Kerr-Schild null congruence. From the associated local exactness property, we construct a new one-form naturally linked to the congruence as a sort of Poincar\'e dualization. This leads us to propose a geometrically motivated dyonic vector potential within the Kerr-Schild ansatz, defined as a superposition of an electric contribution along the congruence and a magnetic one that aligns to the dualized one-form. We then show that for a stationary and axisymmetric Kerr-Schild ansatz, the electrovac circularity theorem uniquely constrains not only the scalar profile of the metric, but also those associated to the electric-magnetic splitting of the gauge field. The resulting formalism provides a transparent derivation of the dyonic Kerr-Newman solution and extends naturally to the (A)dS case, highlighting the intrinsic interplay between geometry and matter in a Kerr-Schild setting.

[25] arXiv:2508.03052 (交叉列表自 quant-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 今天的实验足以验证引力的量子本质 显示英文标题

标题： Today's Experiments Suffice to Verify the Quantum Essence of Gravity

Martin Plávala

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

利用引力介导的纠缠实验，运用量子信息的概念来论证，如果引力相互作用在两个系统之间产生纠缠，那么引力不能由经典系统来描述。 然而，所提出的实验仍超出我们当前的技术能力，乐观的预测认为该实验将在短期内无法实现。 在这里，我们利用量子信息技术来论证，目前的物质波干涉仪已经足以间接证明引力相互作用在两个系统之间产生纠缠。 具体而言，我们证明了如果在实验中验证了与外部质量发生引力相互作用的单个非定域系统中的薛定谔方程，那么两个非定域系统的时演化将导致引力介导的纠缠。 我们的研究结果表明，对引力量子本质的实验验证即将实现。 显示英文摘要

The gravity-mediated entanglement experiments employ concepts from quantum information to argue that if gravitational interaction creates entanglement between two systems, then gravity cannot be described by a classical system. However, the proposed experiments remain beyond out current technological capability, with optimistic projections placing the experiment outside of short-term future. Here we leverage quantum information techniques to argue that current matter-wave interferometers are sufficient to indirectly prove that gravitational interaction creates entanglement between two systems. Specifically, we prove that if we experimentally verify the Schr\"{o}dinger equation for a single delocalized system interacting gravitationally with an external mass, then the time evolution of two delocalized systems will lead to gravity-mediated entanglement. Our findings indicate that the experimental verification of the quantum essence of gravity is on the horizon.

[26] arXiv:2508.03249 (交叉列表自 astro-ph.CO) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 在大尺度结构的红移空间畸变中可视化相对论效应 显示英文标题

标题： Visualising relativistic effects in redshift space distortions of large scale structure

Pritha Paul, Chris Clarkson

评论： 20页，12图

主题： 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

在红移空间中观察大尺度结构会引发众所周知的红移空间畸变，其中星系的球形分布会沿着观测者的视线方向扭曲成一个椭球体。 这种效应在线性尺度上很重要，因此可以认为是对密度扰动的牛顿修正，尽管它们的物理起源在于多普勒效应。 在更大的尺度上，多普勒效应和引力红移效应的更微妙方面会导致红移空间中的进一步畸变。 这些进一步的扭曲使物体超出椭球压缩的范围，形成具有破坏视线对称性的形状，如鸡蛋状或豆状的形状。 在本文中，我们旨在定性地描绘当考虑高阶相对论效应时，大密度区域（包括星系团或超星系团）和低密度区域（如空洞），分别经历流入或流出时，在红移空间中如何发生畸变。 这将有助于分析真实空间中的结构，例如堆叠空洞，当考虑这些效应时，这些空洞不再具有径向对称性。 显示英文摘要

Observing large scale structure in redshift space gives rise to the well known redshift space distortions whereby a spherical distribution of galaxies is distorted into an ellipsoid along the line of sight of the observer. This effect is important on linear scales and so can be thought of as a Newtonian correction to the density perturbation even though their physical origin is in the Doppler effect. On larger scales subtler aspects of the Doppler and gravitational redshift effects give rise to further distortions in redshift space. These further contort objects beyond an ellipsoidal compression, into shapes with broken line-of-sight symmetry such as an egg- or bean-like shapes. In this paper, we aim to qualitatively picture how large over-dense regions, including clusters or superclusters, and under-dense regions, such as voids, undergoing infall or outflow respectively, become distorted in redshift space when higher-order relativistic effects are taken into account. This will contribute when analysing structure in real space such as stacking voids which are no longer radially symmetric when these effects are included.

[27] arXiv:2508.03367 (交叉列表自 quant-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 探测器相关性和相干态假说的零检验 显示英文标题

标题： Detector Correlations and Null Tests of the Coherent State Hypothesis

Sreenath K. Manikandan, Frank Wilczek

评论： 11页，0图，对威尔茨克量子中心研讨会关于高能粒子量子纠缠的贡献，将发表在《国际现代物理杂志A》特刊上

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

我们讨论两个共振探测器之间相关性的统计特性。 我们表明，这允许简单的零检验来验证相干态假设，不受真空（量子）噪声的影响。 辐射场的互补特性，{\it 例如}，在数目或相位上的压缩，可以通过适当的探测策略来揭示。 显示英文摘要

We discuss the statistics of correlations between two resonant detectors. We show that this allows simple null tests of the coherent state hypothesis, free of vacuum (quantum) noise. Complementary aspects of the radiation field, {\it e.g.}, squeezing in number or phase, can be revealed through appropriate detection strategies.

[28] arXiv:2508.03386 (交叉列表自 hep-th) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： AdS$_3$带有原始Proca场的黑洞来自正则化高斯-博内耦合 显示英文标题

标题： AdS$_3$ black holes with primary Proca hair from regularized Gauss-Bonnet coupling

Gokhan Alkac, Murat Mesta, Gonul Unal

评论： 9页，1图

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

我们通过利用基于Weyl几何的正则化过程，在广义Proca类中构建了一个一致的三维爱因斯坦-高斯-博内理论，该方法最近在arXiv:2504.13084中提出。 然后，我们获得了一个渐近AdS$_3$、静态且具有圆对称性的带有主要Proca毛发的黑洞解。 随后，我们研究了之前通过不同正则化方案构建的标量-张量高斯-博内耦合的影响。 我们进一步通过引入电荷来推广这些解。 显示英文摘要

We construct a consistent three-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory as a vector-tensor theory within the generalized Proca class by employing a regularization procedure based on the Weyl geometry, which was introduced recently in arXiv:2504.13084. We then obtain an asymptotically AdS$_3$, static, and circularly symmetric black hole solution with primary Proca hair. Afterwards, we investigate the effect of the scalar-tensor Gauss-Bonnet coupling constructed previously by different regularization schemes. We further generalize these solutions by incorporating an electric charge.

[29] arXiv:2508.03463 (交叉列表自 astro-ph.HE) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 中等质量黑洞对近距离白矮星双星的潮汐撕裂 显示英文标题

标题： Tidal disruptions of close white dwarf binaries by intermediate mass black holes

Aryabrat Mahapatra, Adarsh Pandey, Pritam Banerjee, Tapobrata Sarkar

评论： 20页，18图

主题： 高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

我们使用平滑粒子流体动力学对一个由两个低质量白矮星和一个中等质量不自转的黑洞组成的密近双星系统进行了系列数值模拟。 双星组分被视为分离的，并且与黑洞位于同一平面。 我们的结果量化了这些事件的结果如何关键地依赖于双星组分在轨道近日点的位置配置，并且我们还展示了非相同质量双星与相同质量双星相比所表现出的独特行为。 我们在诸如质量回落率、踢速度和引力波等可观测量上突出了这些差异，并且还计算了恒星碎片中的团块形成时间。 在我们的设置中，前向双星运动（即双星的角动量方向与质心绕黑洞运动的方向相同）在定性上类似于单个恒星潮汐撕裂事件的多次发生。 然而，我们认为在相应后向情形中，恒星碎片之间的相互作用会导致不同且独特的结果。 我们的结果应在观测方面作为密近白矮星双星与中等质量黑洞之间潮汐相互作用的指示性基准。 显示英文摘要

We perform a suite of numerical simulations of tidal disruption events, using smoothed particle hydrodynamics, for a close binary system consisting of two low-mass white dwarfs, and an intermediate mass non-spinning black hole. The binary components are considered to be detached and on the same plane with the black hole. Our results quantify how the outcomes of these events depend crucially on the positional configuration of the binary components at the orbital pericenter, and we also show how distinctive behaviour for non-identical mass binaries arise, as compared to identical ones. We highlight these differences on observables such as mass fallback rates, kick velocities and gravitational waves, and also compute clump formation time within the stellar debris. In our setup, prograde binary motion, where the angular momentum of the binary is in the same direction as that of the center of mass motion around the black hole, is qualitatively similar to multiple events of single star tidal disruptions. However, we argue that interactions between stellar debris in the corresponding retrograde scenarios result in different and distinct outcomes. Our results should serve as indicative benchmarks in the observational aspects of tidal interactions between close white dwarf binaries and intermediate mass black holes.

[30] arXiv:2508.03468 (交叉列表自 physics.ins-det) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 硅的机械特性表征用于ETpathfinder测试质量 显示英文标题

标题： Mechanical Characterisation of Silicon for the ETpathfinder Test Masses

Guido Alex Iandolo, Alex Amato, Gianpietro Cagnoli, Alessandro Delmonte, Jan-Simon Hennig, Margot Hennig, Sebastian Steinlechner, Janis Wöhler, Stefan Hild, Jessica Steinlechner

主题： 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

下一代引力波探测器，如爱因斯坦望远镜，设计上通过使用新技术，在更宽的频率范围内降低了噪声。ETpathfinder被设计为这些技术的研发设施，是一个原型，其中的镜子选择由莱布尼茨晶体生长研究所生产的结晶硅制成。这种材料的选择是为了在爱因斯坦望远镜中实现低温下的低热噪声水平。本文展示了用于成为ETpathfinder测试质量的硅在室温到53K范围内的机械损耗。此外，还讨论了硅各向异性特性对测量程序的影响。预测了镜片基材材料对整体ETpathfinder噪声预算的贡献。 显示英文摘要

The next generation of gravitational-wave detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope, is designed to reduce noise in a wide band of frequencies compared to the current generation, through the use of new technologies. ETpathfinder, designed as an R&D facility for these technologies, is a prototype for which the mirrors were chosen to be made of crystalline silicon, produced by the Leibniz-Institut f\"ur Kristallz\"uchtung. This material choice was made to pave the way for a low thermal noise level at cryogenic temperatures in the Einstein Telescope. This paper shows the mechanical loss of silicon designated to become the test masses for ETpathfinder in the range between room temperature and 53K. In addition, the effect of the anisotropic nature of silicon on the measurement procedure is addressed. Predictions are made of the contribution of the mirror substrate material to the overall ETpathfinder noise budget.

[31] arXiv:2508.03473 (交叉列表自 astro-ph.HE) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 常规旋转黑洞：探测辐射特征和喷流功率的边界 显示英文标题

标题： Regular Rotating Black Hole: Probing the boundaries of the Radiative Signatures and Jet Power

Subhadip Sau, John W. Moffat

评论： 34页，21图

主题： 高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

我们对几个银河系X射线双星进行了详细的观测分析，重点研究了在Blandford-Znajek驱动喷流的背景下，黑洞自旋、喷流功率和辐射效率之间的相互作用。 使用连续谱拟合和Fe线方法的更新测量数据，我们限定了五个关键黑洞系统的自旋参数a和偏差参数$\beta$：H1743-322，XTE J1550-564，GRS 1124-683，GRO J1655-40和GRS 1915+105。 对于每个系统，我们在不同假设的喷流洛伦兹因子$\Gamma=2,5$下，比较了从观测到的辐射效率和发射喷流功率独立推导出的允许参数空间。 通过将这些观测约束与常规黑洞的理论预期重叠，我们评估了各种自旋-偏差组合在解释观测现象中的可行性。 我们的结果揭示了$\beta$允许值的显著限制，典型上限约为0.38 - 0.4，除了快速旋转的源，其约束变得明显更紧。 我们进一步提出了一种从静态常规黑洞时空生成旋转解的修改方法，并提供了一个稳健的理论框架，用于在弯曲几何中将喷流功率与黑洞角频率相关联。 我们还发现，理论喷流功率被常规黑洞的正则化因子所修改。 这些发现对偏离Kerr几何的偏差设定了严格的观测界限，并为吸积恒星级质量黑洞的天体物理机制提供了重要见解。 显示英文摘要

We perform a detailed observational analysis of several galactic X-ray binaries, focusing on the interplay between black hole spin, jet power, and radiative efficiency within the context of Blandford-Znajek-powered jets. Using updated measurements from continuum fitting and Fe-line methods, we constrain the spin parameter a and the deviation parameter $\beta$ for five key black hole systems: H1743-322, XTE J1550-564, GRS 1124-683, GRO J1655-40, and GRS 1915+105. For each system, we compare the allowed parameter spaces derived independently from observed radiative efficiencies and emitted jet powers under different assumptions for the jet Lorentz factor $\Gamma=2,5$. By overlapping these observational constraints with theoretical expectations for regular black holes, we assess the viability of various spin-deviation combinations in explaining the observed phenomena. Our results reveal significant restrictions on the allowed values of $\beta$, with typical upper bounds around 0.38 - 0.4, except for rapidly spinning sources where the constraint becomes notably tighter. We further present a modified method for generating rotating solutions from static regular black hole spacetimes and provide a robust theoretical framework for relating jet power to black hole angular frequency in curved geometries. We also find that the theoretical jet power is modified by regularization factor for regular black holes. These findings place stringent observational bounds on deviations from the Kerr geometry and provide important insight into the astrophysical mechanisms powering accreting stellar-mass black holes.

[32] arXiv:2508.03661 (交叉列表自 cs.AI) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 基于LLM启发的进化蒙特卡洛树搜索的引力波探测自动化算法发现 显示英文标题

标题： Automated Algorithmic Discovery for Gravitational-Wave Detection Guided by LLM-Informed Evolutionary Monte Carlo Tree Search

He Wang, Liang Zeng

评论： 89页（37页正文），6+6图，1表。初次提交；可能需要修改

主题： 人工智能 (cs.AI) ; 高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE) ; 天体物理学的仪器与方法 (astro-ph.IM) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

计算科学发现越来越多地依赖算法来处理复杂数据并识别有意义的模式——然而在引力波信号识别方面仍面临持续的挑战。 尽管现有的算法方法如匹配滤波（MF）和深度神经网络（DNNs）已取得部分成功，但它们的局限性直接源于根本性的限制：MF由于依赖预定义的理论波形模板而产生过高的计算需求，而DNNs的黑箱结构掩盖了决策逻辑并引入了隐藏偏差。 我们提出了进化蒙特卡洛树搜索（Evo-MCTS），这是一种通过领域感知物理约束引导的系统算法空间探索框架。 我们的方法结合了树状结构搜索、进化优化和大语言模型启发式方法，以创建可解释的算法解决方案。 我们的Evo-MCTS框架表现出显著的改进，在MLGWSC-1基准数据集上，其性能优于最先进的引力波检测算法20.2%。 高性能算法变体始终超过阈值。 该框架生成人类可解释的算法路径，揭示不同的性能模式。 除了性能提升外，我们的框架还发现了新颖的算法组合，从而建立了一种可在计算科学领域中进行自动化算法发现的可迁移方法。 显示英文摘要

Computational scientific discovery increasingly relies on algorithms to process complex data and identify meaningful patterns - yet faces persistent challenges in gravitational-wave signal identification. While existing algorithmic approaches like matched filtering (MF) and deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved partial success, their limitations directly stem from fundamental limitations: MF's excessive computational demands arise from its reliance on predefined theoretical waveform templates, while DNNs' black-box architectures obscure decision logic and introduce hidden biases. We propose Evolutionary Monte Carlo Tree Search (Evo-MCTS), a framework that addresses these limitations through systematic algorithm space exploration guided by domain-aware physical constraints. Our approach combines tree-structured search with evolutionary optimization and large language model heuristics to create interpretable algorithmic solutions. Our Evo-MCTS framework demonstrates substantial improvements, achieving a 20.2\% improvement over state-of-the-art gravitational wave detection algorithms on the MLGWSC-1 benchmark dataset. High-performing algorithm variants consistently exceed thresholds. The framework generates human-interpretable algorithmic pathways that reveal distinct performance patterns. Beyond performance improvements, our framework discovers novel algorithmic combinations, thereby establishing a transferable methodology for automated algorithmic discovery across computational science domains.

替换提交 (展示 20 之 20 条目 )

[33] arXiv:2404.07782 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 爱克诺尔引力波透镜效应在爱因斯坦-以太理论中 显示英文标题

标题： Eikonal gravitational-wave lensing in Einstein-aether theory

Julius Streibert, Hector O. Silva, Miguel Zumalacárregui

评论： 20页附录，4幅图。与已发表版本一致

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

爱因斯坦-以太理论提供了一个模型，用于检验引力相互作用中局部洛伦兹不变性的有效性。 从双中子星事件GW170817测得的引力波速度对爱因斯坦-以太理论设定了严格的限制，但仅限于该理论自由参数的某种组合。 因此，该理论的参数空间的很大一部分仍未被观测所约束。 受此启发，我们探讨了在非均匀背景（即引力波透镜效应）中引力波在爱因斯坦-以太理论中的传播，作为一种潜在机制来打破该理论自由参数之间的退化，并因此获得对该理论的新约束。 我们将分析简化为远离透镜中心且波长较短的引力波信号，与透镜的引力半径相比（eikonal极限）。 通过应用这些近似并把场方程转化为所谓的动能矩阵形式，并应用一种称为传播本征态框架的公式，我们发现引力波的速度会受到以太场不均匀性的影响。 然而，这种影响适用于两种引力极化，并且在引力波以光速传播的极限情况下消失。 这种依赖于透镜的引力波速度与在广义相对论之外的其他理论中观察到的透镜诱导的双折射现象不同，例如霍恩德斯基理论。 虽然基于引力波速度改进测试的潜力有限，但我们的公式为在爱因斯坦-以太理论和其他广义相对论扩展中完全描述信号在非均匀时空中的传播奠定了基础。 显示英文摘要

Einstein-aether theory provides a model to test the validity of local Lorentz invariance in gravitational interactions. The speed of gravitational waves as measured from the binary neutron star event GW170817 sets stringent limits on Einstein-aether theory, but only on a combination of the theory's free parameters. For this reason, a significant part of the theory's parameter space remains unconstrained by observations. Motivated by this, we explore the propagation of gravitational waves in Einstein-aether theory over an inhomogeneous background (i.e., gravitational wave lensing) as a potential mechanism to break the degeneracies between the theory's free parameters, and hence enable new constraints on the theory to be obtained. We reduce our analysis to gravitational waves that pass far from the lens' center and short wavelength signals, both compared to the lens' gravitational radius (eikonal limit). By applying these approximations and bringing the field equations into the form of the so-called kinetic matrix and applying a formalism known as the propagation eigenstate framework, we find that the speed of gravitational waves is modified by inhomogeneities in the aether field. However, the modification is common to both gravitational polarizations and vanishes in the limit in which gravitational waves propagate with luminal speed. This lens-dependent gravitational wave speed contrasts with the lens-induced birefringence observed in other theories beyond general relativity, like Horndeski's theory. While the potential to improve tests based on gravitational-wave speed is limited, our formalism sets the basis to fully describe signal propagation over inhomogeneous spacetimes in Einstein-aether theory and other extensions of general relativity.

[34] arXiv:2411.14047 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 动力摩擦可以翻转分层的三体系统 显示英文标题

标题： Dynamical friction can flip the hierarchical three-body system

Li Hu, Rong-Gen Cai, Shao-Jiang Wang

评论： v1，21页，3图，1表；v2，28页，6图，1表，增加参考文献，补充细节，更多关于暗物质尖峰指数和轨道配置的案例，结论不变；v3，以匹配在JCAP上发表的版本

期刊参考： JCAP 08 (2025) 010

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

近年来，非线性扰动的长期效应被发现对分层三体系统的演化非常重要，对于质量较大的中心第三天体，这可以显著抑制改变内联二进制角动量符号的轨道翻转的发生。 然而，随着第三天体质量显著增加，周围的暗物质尖峰变得更为致密，使得动力摩擦的影响变得不可忽略。 在本工作中，我们首次在分层三体系统中考虑了动力摩擦，直到八极阶，并发现被抑制的轨道翻转次数可以恢复，随着尖峰指数的增加，翻转次数在一段时间内可能会增加；同时，当内轨道和外轨道的半长轴都增加但它们的比值保持不变时，翻转次数在相同的外轨道周期数内也可能增加，这使得轨道翻转的探测成为通过观测电磁波或引力波来探测暗物质的潜在手段。 显示英文摘要

In recent years, the long-term effects of non-linear perturbations were found to be important for the evolution of the hierarchical triple system, which, for the central third body of a larger mass, can significantly suppress the occurrences of orbital flip that changes the sign of angular momentum of inner binary. However, as the third-body mass increases significantly, the ambient dark matter spike becomes much more dense, rendering the effect of dynamical friction non-negligible. In this work, we take the dynamical friction into account for the first time in the hierarchical triple system up to the octupole order and find that the suppressed occurrences of orbital flip could be recovered, and as the spike index increases, the number of flips could increase over a period of time; meanwhile, as both the inner and outer semi-major axes increase while keeping their ratio fixed, the number of flips could also increase over the same number of outer orbital periods, making the detection of orbital flip a potential probe of the dark matter via observations of either electromagnetic waves or gravitational waves.

[35] arXiv:2412.02487 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 黑洞与有效量子引力中的协变性：没有柯西视界的解决方案 显示英文标题

标题： Black holes and covariance in effective quantum gravity: A solution without Cauchy horizons

Cong Zhang, Jerzy Lewandowski, Yongge Ma, Jinsong Yang

评论： 14+4页，3张图。v3的修改：澄清了表述以提高手稿的可读性和整体理解。v2的主要修改：放松了前一版本中使用的假设，并提出了广义协变性的充分必要条件，由此推导出更一般的有效哈密顿约束形式。

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

有效量子引力模型在哈密顿框架下的普遍协变性问题得到解决。 先前提出的球对称模型中协变条件的方程被明确推导出来。 通过求解这个方程，得到了一个新的有效哈密顿约束，其中包含了可以描述量子引力效应的自由函数。 通过指定这些自由函数，分析了所得的时空结构。 值得注意的是，在这个模型中，经典奇点被一个度规渐近接近具有负质量的施瓦茨希尔德-德西特形式的区域所取代。 因此，这种新的量子修正黑洞模型避免了通常在之前研究的模型中出现的柯西视界。 该协变方法也适用于模型中的物质耦合。 显示英文摘要

The issue of general covariance in effective quantum gravity models within the Hamiltonian framework is addressed. The previously proposed equations for the covariance condition in spherically symmetric models are explicitly derived. By solving this equation, a new effective Hamiltonian constraint is obtained, incorporating free functions that can account for quantum gravity effects. The resulting spacetime structure is analyzed by specifying the free functions. Remarkably, in this model, the classical singularity is replaced by a region where the metric asymptotically approaches a Schwarzschild-de Sitter one with negative mass. Thus, this new quantum-corrected black hole model avoids the Cauchy horizons presented typically in previously studied models. The covariant approach is also applicable to matter coupling in the models.

[36] arXiv:2412.09851 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 一个精确可解的群场理论 显示英文标题

标题： An Exactly Soluble Group Field Theory

Luca Marchetti, Hassan Mehmood, Viqar Husain

评论： 43页，4图；第五部分已修订，其他部分有小修改；即将发表于PRD

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们提出了一种将Husain-Kuchař（HK）模型作为非相互作用GFT进行群场理论（GFT）量子化的方案。我们证明了该HK-GFT的路径积分表述提供了一个完整的自旋泡沫模型和一个唯一的福克表示，该表示描述了HK模型的量子三维几何。这些结果为HK模型的正则量子化提供了联系，并展示了GFT如何连接不同的量子化方案。 显示英文摘要

We present a Group Field Theory (GFT) quantization of the Husain-Kucha\v{r} (HK) model formulated as a non-interacting GFT. We demonstrate that the path-integral formulation of this HK-GFT provides a complete spinfoam model and a unique Fock representation that describes the quantum three-geometries of the HK model. These results provide a link to the canonical quantization of the HK model and demonstrate how GFTs can bridge distinct quantization schemes.

[37] arXiv:2504.05061 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 多视界黑洞周围带电粒子的圆轨道拓扑结构 显示英文标题

标题： Topology of circular orbits for charged particles around multi-horizon black holes

Yong Song, Jia Li, Yiting Cen, Kai Diao, Xiaofeng Zhao, Shunping Shi

评论： 20页，25幅图，修改了稿件标题，更正了一些计算错误，并在稿件中增加了进一步的讨论

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

研究圆轨道的拓扑性质正在为探索黑洞周围的时空结构开辟新的前景。 在本工作中，我们研究带电粒子的带电性质如何影响渐近平坦、AdS 和 dS 黑洞中带电测试粒子的圆轨道的拓扑特性。 我们的研究结果表明，带电性质不仅影响类时圆轨道的拓扑性质，还会影响类光圆轨道的拓扑性质。 此外，我们探讨了多个视界的情况，并发现对于多视界黑洞，如果在两个相邻视界之间存在具有固定角动量和电荷的圆轨道，则总会有至少一个不稳定的类光圆轨道和一个不稳定的类时圆轨道。 显示英文摘要

The study of the topological properties of circular orbits is opening up new perspectives for exploring the spacetime structure around black holes. In this work, we investigate how the charged properties of particles affect the topological characteristics of circular orbits for charged test particles in asymptotically flat, AdS, and dS black holes. Our findings demonstrate that the charged properties not only influence the topological properties of timelike circular orbits but also impact those of null circular orbits. Additionally, we explore scenarios involving multiple horizons and find that for a multi-horizon black hole, if a circular orbit with fixed angular momentum and charge can exist between two neighboring horizons, there will always be at least one unstable null circular orbit and one unstable timelike circular orbit.

[38] arXiv:2505.08379 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 密度依赖的袋函数$B(n)$对非零奇夸克质量 ($m_s\neq0$) 在与观测验证一致的$f(R,T)$引力中的奇异星的影响 显示英文标题

标题： Influence of density-dependent bag function $B(n)$ on strange stars for non-zero strange quark mass ($m_s\neq0$) in $f(R,T)$ gravity consistent with observational validation

Rohit Roy, Debadri Bhattacharjee, Koushik Ballav Goswami, Pradip Kumar Chattopadhyay

评论： 25页，26图

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

在本工作中，提出了一种新的爱因斯坦场方程解，用于各向同性奇异星，使用修改后的Mak-Harko类型密度分布，并结合MIT袋模型中提出的状态方程，同时考虑奇异夸克的有限质量（$m_s$），在$f(R,T)$引力框架下，其中$f(R,T)=R+2\zeta T$，这里$\zeta$是耦合参数。为了将夸克物质假说与物理上可行的恒星框架相结合，分析了一个依赖于重子数密度（$n$）的袋函数$B(n)$，使用指数型参数化。 每重子能量 ($E_B$) 已经被研究以限制 $B(n)$ 和相应的 $n$ 在一个稳定窗口内，具体满足条件 $E_B\leq 930.4~MeV$，这对应于 $\isotope[56]{Fe}$的结合能。 我们注意到一个下限$n$，在该下限以下，$E_B>930.4~MeV$随着$E_B$的增加而随着$n$的减少而增加。 此值，然而，取决于$m_s$。 此外，$n$在袋函数的范围内无论$m_s$如何都具有最大值$0.36~fm^{-3}$。对于选定的参数空间，所有基本特性在恒星内部都得到了令人满意地满足。 在这个模型中，最大质量和半径是通过数值求解TOV方程得到的，对于$m_s=0~MeV$和$n=0.36~fm^{-3}$以及$\zeta=-0.1$，得到的$M=2.03~M_{\odot}$的半径为$11.49~km$。 同时注意到最大质量和相应的半径是$m_s$、$\zeta$和$n$的函数。 所提出的模型已被证明符合所需的能量条件，并满足动态稳定性的标准，从而确认了其在所使用的参数空间内的物理合理性，作为一个物理上一致的恒星模型。 显示英文摘要

In this work, a new class of solution of the Einstein field equation for an isotropic strange star using the modified Mak-Harko type density profile along with the equation of state as proposed in the MIT bag model and considering finite mass of the strange quark ($m_s$) is presented in the framework of $f(R,T)$ gravity with $f(R,T)=R+2\zeta T$, where, $\zeta$ is the coupling parameter. To incorporate the quark matter hypothesis with a physically viable stellar framework, a baryon number density ($n$) dependent bag function $B(n)$ is analysed, using exponential type parametrisation. The energy per baryon ($E_B$) has been investigated to restrict $B(n)$ and corresponding $n$ within a stable window, specifically satisfying the condition $E_B\leq 930.4~MeV$, which corresponds to the binding energy of $\isotope[56]{Fe}$. We note a lower limit of $n$ below which $E_B>930.4~MeV$ as $E_B$ increases with the decrease of $n$. This value, however, depends on $m_s$. Additionally, $n$ has a maximum value of $0.36~fm^{-3}$ irrespective of $m_s$ depending on the range of bag function. All the essential characteristics are satisfactorily fulfilled within the stellar interior for the selected set of parameter space. In this model, the maximum mass and radius are found by solving the TOV equations numerically which yields $M=2.03~M_{\odot}$ with a radius of $11.49~km$ for $m_s=0~MeV$ and $n=0.36~fm^{-3}$ and $\zeta=-0.1$. It is also noted that the maximum mass and the corresponding radius are the function of $m_s$, $\zeta$ and $n$. The proposed model has been shown to comply with the required energy conditions and satisfies the criterion for dynamical stability, thereby confirming its physical plausibility as a physically consistent stellar model within the parameter space used.

[39] arXiv:2505.16783 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 绕克尔黑洞的自旋诱导四极矩的延伸物体的圆形赤道轨道：比较自旋补充条件 显示英文标题

标题： Circular equatorial orbits of extended bodies with spin-induced quadrupole around a Kerr black hole: Comparing spin-supplementary conditions

Misbah Shahzadi, Georgios Lukes-Gerakopoulos, Martin Kološ

评论： 22页，5图，7表，1个Mathematica笔记本作为补充材料，已被PRD接收

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

在弯曲时空中，一个延伸物体的世界线可以通过Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon方程来描述，当其质心，即其质心，由自旋补充条件（SSC）固定时。不同的SSC选择会导致不同的世界线。为了研究这些选择的特性，我们研究了在Tulzcyjew-Dixon（TD）和Mathisson-Pirani（MP）SSCs下，围绕Kerr黑洞运动的极点-偶极子-（自旋诱导的）四极子近似中延伸物体的圆形赤道轨道的频率。首先，我们通过展开自旋的幂级数来研究顺行和逆行轨道频率之间的相似性和差异，而无需考虑从一个SSC转换到另一个SSC时质心位置和自旋测量的变化。然后，通过考虑质心转换规律，我们研究了非螺旋MP框架到TD框架的轨道频率收敛性。特别是，我们证明了与极点-偶极子近似类似，在改变SSC的情况下，极点-偶极子-（自旋诱导的）四极子近似下从一个圆形轨道到另一个圆形轨道的转换，仅在自旋展开的某些项中导致SSC之间的收敛，并不扩展到整个幂级数。最后，我们讨论了在TD和MP SSC下极点-偶极子-（自旋诱导的）四极子近似中的最内稳定圆形轨道（ISCOs）。 显示英文摘要

The worldline of an extended body in curved spacetime can be described by the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon equations when its centroid, i.e., its center of mass, is fixed by a spin supplementary condition (SSC). Different SSC choices result in distinct worldlines. To examine the properties of these choices, we investigate the frequency of circular equatorial orbits of extended bodies within the pole-dipole-(spin-induced) quadrupole approximation moving around a Kerr black hole for the Tulzcyjew-Dixon (TD) and the Mathisson-Pirani (MP) SSCs. First, we examine similarities and discrepancies in the prograde and retrograde orbital frequencies by expanding these frequencies in power series of the spin without taking into account the fact that both the position of the centroid and the spin measure change under the transition from one SSC to another. Then, by taking into account the centroid transition laws we examine the orbital frequencies convergence between the non-helical MP frame to the TD frame. In particular, we demonstrate that, in analogy to the pole-dipole approximation, the transition from one circular orbit to another within the pole-dipole-(spin-induced)quadrupole approximation under a change in the SSC, results in convergence between the SSCs only up to certain terms in the spin expansion and does not extend to the entire power series. Finally, we discuss the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs) in the pole-dipole-(spin-induced)quadrupole approximation under TD and MP SSCs.

[40] arXiv:2507.23097 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 时空不可延展性准则通过体积-距离比渐近行为及其在裸奇点和FLRW时空中的应用 显示英文标题

标题： Spacetime inextensibility criteria by volume-distance-ratio asymptote and applications to naked singularities and FLRW spacetimes

Pengyu Le

评论： 24页，2张图表。更正了拼写错误。更新了参考文献

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 数学物理 (math-ph) ; 微分几何 (math.DG)

我们研究未来边界点处时空的不可延拓性问题。 我们通过类时菱形接近未来边界点时的体积-距离比渐进行为来检测时空的不可延拓性。 基本思想是将该渐进行为与闵可夫斯基时空中的相应行为进行比较。 通过这一思想，我们建立了$C^{0,1}$和$C^0$正则性的不可延拓性准则。 作为应用，我们证明了i) 在无质量标量场引力塌缩中由Christodoulou构造的球对称自相似裸奇点内部解的$C^{0,1}$不可延拓性。 关键估计是对裸奇点内部解在自相似坐标系中的体积形式的估计。 ii) 具有渐近线性尺度因子$a(t) \sim |t|$的空间平坦FLRW时空的$C^0$不可延拓性。 关键估计是与具有尺度因子$|t|$的空间双曲FLRW时空的体积比较，该尺度因子是闵可夫斯基时空中某一点的因果过去。 显示英文摘要

We study the inextensibility problem of the spacetime at a future boundary point. We detect the inextensibility of the spacetime by the volume-distance-ratio asymptote of the timelike diamond approaching the future boundary point. The fundamental idea is to compare the asymptote with the one in Minkowski spacetime. By this idea, we establish the inextensibility criteria for both $C^{0,1}$ and $C^0$ regularities. As applications, we prove that i) $C^{0,1}$-inextensibility of the interior solution of the spherically self-similar naked singularity in the gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field constructed by Christodoulou. The key estimate is on the volume form of the interior solution of the naked singularity in a self-similar coordinate system. ii) $C^0$-inextensibility of the spatially flat FLRW spacetime with asymptotically linear scale factor $a(t) \sim |t|$. The key estimate is the volume comparison with the spatially hyperbolic FLRW spacetime with the scale factor $|t|$ which is the causal past of a point in the Minkowski spacetime.

[41] arXiv:2508.01876 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 标量场-物质相互作用模型在各向异性宇宙中的平均动力学：局部旋转对称的 Bianchi I 宇宙时空 显示英文标题

标题： Averaging Dynamics of Scalar Field-Matter Interacting Models in Anisotropic Universes: The Locally Rotationally Symmetric Bianchi I Spacetime

Alfredo D. Millano, Genly Leon, Andronikos Paliathanasis

评论： 59页，47个复合图

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 数学物理 (math-ph)

我们考虑一个各向异性宇宙学模型，该模型基于局部旋转的Bianchi I时空，结合了标量场和非零的宇宙相互作用项。采用平均值理论框架来研究相关的非线性微分方程。通过对引力场方程进行定性分析，我们获得了关于各向异性标量场模型在广义谐波势下的解空间结构的重要见解。标量场与物质之间的相互作用由一个依赖于哈勃参数、标量场的时间导数以及冷暗物质和暗能量的能量密度的一般表达式来描述。这种表述涉及调节相互作用的真实参数，以及一个具有哈勃参数维度的耦合常数。我们证明哈勃参数作为时间依赖的扰动参数，控制全系统与其时间平均对应物之间的差异。随着该参数的减小，两个系统都趋于相同的渐近行为。这使得振荡效应得以抑制，显著简化了动力学分析。最后，我们确定了相互作用参数的条件，以确保系统的演化是正则的，从而防止奇点的出现。 显示英文摘要

We consider an anisotropic cosmological model based on the locally rotational Bianchi I spacetime, incorporating a scalar field and a non-zero cosmological interaction term. The framework of averaging theory is employed to study the associated non-linear differential equations. Through a qualitative analysis of the gravitational field equations, we obtain valuable insights into the structure of the solution space for the anisotropic scalar field model with a generalized harmonic potential. The interaction between the scalar field and matter is described by a general expression that depends on the Hubble parameter, the time derivative of the scalar field, and the energy densities of cold dark matter and dark energy. This formulation involves real parameters that modulate the interaction, as well as a coupling constant with the dimensions of the Hubble parameter. We show that the Hubble parameter serves as a time-dependent perturbation parameter, controlling the discrepancy between the full system and its time-averaged counterpart. As this parameter decreases, both systems converge to the same asymptotic behaviour. This enables the suppression of oscillatory effects, significantly simplifying the dynamical analysis. Finally, we identify conditions on the interaction parameters that ensure the regularity of the system's evolution by preventing the emergence of singularities.

[42] arXiv:2405.08874 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 一种来自标准模型动力学的暗物质费米子量子流体 显示英文标题

标题： A Dark Matter Fermionic Quantum Fluid from Standard Model Dynamics

Stephon Alexander, Heliudson Bernardo, Humberto Gilmer

评论： 12页，4页的附录

主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 超导性 (cond-mat.supr-con) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

我们提出一种暗物质模型，即右手中微子或类矢量夸克的库珀对的超导流体。 超导暗物质分别由标准模型希格斯和色规范作用中的吸引通道引起。 我们表明，对于每种情况，间隙方程的解在适当的化学势值下提供了可行的暗物质候选者。 该机制产生一种超轻中微子凝聚态，其质量为$m_{\rm DM} \sim 10^{-19} \text{eV}$，或者是一种具有广泛可能质量范围的类矢量夸克凝聚态。 该模型的宇宙学和粒子物理约束导致有效相对论物种数量$N_{\rm eff}$与费米子生成时的化学势和CMB温度之间的联系。 我们还发现超导费米子密度与重子密度之间的关系，这对标准宇宙学中暗物质与重子密度之间的巧合有影响。 鉴于中微子的自然$\text{eV}$尺度，这种机制可能对哈勃张力有影响。 显示英文摘要

We present a model of dark matter as a superconducting fluid of Cooper pairs of right handed neutrinos or of vector-like quarks. The superconducting dark matter is induced by attractive channels in the Standard Model Higgs and color sectors of the Standard Model, respectively. We show that, for each case, the solution to the gap equation provides viable dark matter candidates for suitable chemical potential values. The mechanism yields an ultra-light neutrino condensate with a mass of $m_{\rm DM} \sim 10^{-19} \text{eV}$ or a vector-like quark condensate with wide range of possible masses. Both cosmological and particle physics constraints on the model lead to a connection between the number of effective relativistic species $N_{\rm eff}$, and the chemical potential and CMB temperature at the time of fermion creation. We also find a relation between the superconducting fermion and baryon densities, with implications for the coincidence between the dark matter and baryon densities in standard cosmology. Given the natural $\text{eV}$ scale of neutrinos, this mechanism may have implications for the Hubble tension.

[43] arXiv:2406.03526 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 天体测量法探测超轻暗物质 显示英文标题

标题： Astrometric Detection of Ultralight Dark Matter

Jeff A. Dror, Sarunas Verner

评论： 10页，2个图。移除了使用年度调制角度偏移的检测方法

期刊参考： 物理评论快报 134 (2025) 11, 111003

主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

超轻暗物质会在时空度规中引起随时间变化的扰动，使其能够进行引力直接探测。 在这项工作中，我们提出使用天体测量法来探测暗物质。 在回顾了存在标量暗物质时度规的计算后，我们研究了这些扰动对天体物理物体表观运动的影响。 我们将结果应用于类星体的角位置测量，它们与地球的遥远距离提供了一个机会，以发现质量低至$10^{-33} \, \mathrm{eV} $的暗物质。 我们探讨了非常长基线干涉测量和光学天体测量调查测量在探测超轻遗迹方面的前景，发现对于最小的质量，目前的天体测量调查可以探测到以速度$10^{-3}$运动、能量密度低至$10 ^{ - 4} ~{\rm GeV} / {\rm cm} ^3 $的暗物质。 显示英文摘要

Ultralight dark matter induces time-dependent perturbations in the spacetime metric, enabling its gravitational direct detection. In this work, we propose using astrometry to detect dark matter. After reviewing the calculation of the metric in the presence of scalar dark matter, we study the influence of the perturbations on the apparent motion of astrophysical bodies. We apply our results to angular position measurements of quasars, whose vast distances from Earth present an opportunity to discover dark matter with a mass as low as $10^{-33} \, \mathrm{eV} $. We explore the prospects of very long baseline interferometry and optical astrometric survey measurements for detecting ultralight relics, finding that for the smallest masses, current astrometric surveys can detect dark matter moving locally with a velocity of $10^{-3}$ with energy density as low as $10 ^{ - 4} ~{\rm GeV} / {\rm cm} ^3 $.

[44] arXiv:2408.17406 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 宇宙学CPT定理 显示英文标题

标题： The Cosmological CPT Theorem

Harry Goodhew, Ayngaran Thavanesan, Aron C. Wall

评论： 63页，1图

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

CPT定理指出，一个幺正且洛伦兹不变的理论也必须在离散对称性$\mathbf{CRT}$下保持不变，该对称性会反转电荷、时间以及一个空间方向。 在本文中，我们研究了一个$\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$对称性群，在其中两个非平凡对称性（“反射实性”和180度旋转）分别由幺正性和洛伦兹不变性所暗示，而第三个对称性是$\mathbf{CRT}$。 （在宇宙学中，标度不变性起到洛伦兹不变性的作用。） 这自然导致了CPT定理的逆定理，因为任何两个离散的$\mathbb{Z}_2$对称性都会推导出第三个对称性。 此外，在许多场论中，反射实性$\mathbb{Z}_2$对称性实际上足以推导出理论在广泛的耦合范围内是完全幺正的。 基于之前关于宇宙光学定理的研究，我们推导出与体反射实性（在所有平坦FLRW模型中）和$\mathbf{CRT}$（在德西特时空）相关的非微扰实性条件，在任意维度下均成立。 值得注意的是，这个$\mathbf{CRT}$约束足以确定未来无限处所有波函数系数的相位（最多相差一个实数符号） ——无需任何解析延拓，或与过去无限处进行比较 ——尽管在体理论存在对数紫外或红外发散的情况下需要额外注意。 这一结果对德西特全息理论具有重要意义，因为它使我们能够确定对偶共形场论中任意$n$-点函数的相位。 显示英文摘要

The CPT theorem states that a unitary and Lorentz-invariant theory must also be invariant under a discrete symmetry $\mathbf{CRT}$ which reverses charge, time, and one spatial direction. In this article, we study a $\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry group, in which two of the nontrivial symmetries (``Reflection Reality'' and a 180 degree rotation) are implied by Unitarity and Lorentz Invariance respectively, while the third is $\mathbf{CRT}$. (In cosmology, Scale Invariance plays the role of Lorentz Invariance.) This naturally leads to converses of the CPT theorem, as any two of the discrete $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetries will imply the third one. Furthermore, in many field theories, the Reflection Reality $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry is actually sufficient to imply the theory is fully unitary, over a generic range of couplings. Building upon previous work on the Cosmological Optical Theorem, we derive non-perturbative reality conditions associated with bulk Reflection Reality (in all flat FLRW models) and $\mathbf{CRT}$ (in de Sitter spacetime), in arbitrary dimensions. Remarkably, this $\mathbf{CRT}$ constraint suffices to fix the phase of all wavefunction coefficients at future infinity (up to a real sign) -- without requiring any analytic continuation, or comparison to past infinity -- although extra care is required in cases where the bulk theory has logarithmic UV or IR divergences. This result has significant implications for de Sitter holography, as it allows us to determine the phases of arbitrary $n$-point functions in the dual CFT.

[45] arXiv:2410.16688 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 标量一环张量谱在单场暴胀期间 显示英文标题

标题： Scalar one-loop tensor power spectrum during single-field inflation

Jiwon Kong, Jieun Jeon, Jinn-Ouk Gong

评论： (v1) 10页，2图；(v2) 修正了拼写错误，增加了参考文献；(v3) 14页，2图，讨论部分扩展并增加了新的附录章节，即将发表于《宇宙学与天体粒子物理杂志》

主题： 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们计算了在单场慢滚暴胀期间产生的张量扰动功率谱的标量诱导的一圈修正。 我们发现该修正等于慢滚参数与树级标量功率谱乘积的平方。 我们还讨论了对数贡献的影响。 显示英文摘要

We calculate the scalar-induced one-loop correction to the power spectrum of tensor perturbations produced during single-field slow-roll inflation. We find that the correction is given by the square of the product of the slow-roll parameter and the tree-level scalar power spectrum. We also discuss the implications of the logarithmic contribution.

[46] arXiv:2501.06383 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 宇宙学宇称破坏的不可能定理 显示英文标题

标题： No-go Theorem for Cosmological Parity Violation

Ayngaran Thavanesan

评论： 35页，1图。arXiv管理员注：与arXiv:2408.17406文本重叠

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

在偶数$D$维时空下，对于在$ISO(d)$和缩放变换（以及对奇数$D$的影响）不变的系统，推导出一个关于宇称破坏的无解定理。 对于实质量为零的标量场和引力子（以及任何质量为零的整数自旋$s$场）在$\mathcal{I}^+$的情况，证明了来自局部、幺正、红外和紫外有限理论的傅里叶空间中波函数系数在微扰理论的所有阶数（任意环状阶数）下的实性，这些系数从无限过去中的初始\CRT 不变的Bunch-Davies态开始。 由此推断，在存在任意数量的质量为零场相互作用的情况下，包含任何质量为零标量场和整数自旋$s$场的宇称奇相关函数都为零。 对于具有偶数个共形耦合和无质量奇数整数自旋-$s$外部场的相关函数也是如此，这被用来推导宇宙学中Furry定理的类比。 \CRT 对于包含化学势的理论（如Chern-Simons和轴子暴胀）的对称性的基本影响也进行了讨论。 鉴于最近由于观测上声称检测到宇称破坏而引起对宇称破坏的兴趣，这些结果为宇称破坏的暴胀模型提供了明确的约束，并确立了任何宇称奇相关函数的测量作为探测普通暴胀之外的新物理现象的极其敏感的探针。 显示英文摘要

A no-go theorem for parity-violation in even $D$-dimensional spacetimes invariant under $ISO(d)$ and dilatations (as well as the implications for odd $D$) is derived. For the case of real massless scalar and gravitons (as well as any massless even integer spin-$s$ field) at $\mathcal{I}^+$, the reality of wavefunction coefficients in Fourier space to all orders in perturbation theory (any order in loops) coming from a local, unitary, IR- and UV-finite theory, which start from the initial \CRT-invariant Bunch-Davies state in the infinite past, is proven. From this it is inferred that a parity-odd correlator with any massless scalar fields and even integer spin-$s$ fields vanishes in the presence of any number of interactions of massless fields. The same is true for correlators with an even number of conformally-coupled and massless odd integer spin-$s$ external fields, which is used to derive the cosmological analogue of Furry's theorem. The fundamental implications of \CRT symmetry for theories with chemical potentials, such as Chern-Simons and Axion inflation, is also discussed. Given the recent interest in parity-violation coming from observational claims of parity-violation detection, these results provide clear constraints on parity-violating models of inflation and establish the measurement of any parity-odd correlator as an exceptionally sensitive probe of new physics beyond vanilla inflation.

[47] arXiv:2502.02643 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 用时变势局域量子场 显示英文标题

标题： Localizing quantum fields with time-dependent potentials

Boris Ragula, Bruno de S. L. Torres, Erik Schnetter, Eduardo Martín-Martínez

评论： 18页（包括1个附录），13幅图，RevTex 4.2。V2已更新以匹配已发表版本

期刊参考： 物理评论D 111，105029（2025）

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

在本文中，我们研究通过时间依赖势动态增长腔壁来局部化量子场自由度的影响。 我们利用我们的结果表明，可以在不引入局部化模式中显著混合性的情况下实现这一点。 我们讨论了这如何解决先前文献中提出的担忧，即量子场论中常规态的高度纠缠可能阻碍使用局部化相对论探测器的相对论量子信息协议。 显示英文摘要

In this paper we study the effect of localizing quantum field degrees of freedom by dynamically growing cavity walls through a time-dependent potential. We use our results to show that it is possible to do this without introducing non-negligible mixedness in localized modes of the field. We discuss how this addresses the concerns, raised in previous literature, that the high degree of entanglement of regular states in QFT may hinder relativistic quantum information protocols that make use of localized relativistic probes.

[48] arXiv:2502.15881 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 物理启发的脉冲星X射线热点模型：偏心偶极配置 显示英文标题

标题： Physics motivated models of pulsar X-ray hotspots: off-center dipole configurations

Chun Huang, Alexander Y. Chen

评论： 被接受发表于ApJ

主题： 高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE) ; 太阳与恒星天体物理学 (astro-ph.SR) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 核理论 (nucl-th)

最近，有人提出，偏心偶极磁场配置以及非平凡的温度分布可能是解释中子星内部成分探测器（\emph{NICER}）观测到的PSR J0030+0451 X射线光变曲线的最佳模型。利用一种用于力自由脉冲星磁层中电流密度的理论模型，我们从第一性原理计算了与偏心磁场偶极子相关的极帽上的电流分布。然后，我们使用一种简单的方法计算由此产生的温度分布，从而推导出观测到的X射线光变曲线。我们研究了极帽中体积返回电流区域的作用，并发现虽然在对齐偶极子情况下影响不大，但在偏心偶极子情况下差异可能更大。最后，我们将马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛（MCMC）拟合应用于脉冲星PSR J0030+0451和PSR J0437--4715的X射线光变曲线，考虑和不考虑体积返回电流的情况，发现我们的模型可以合理地恢复观测到的X射线光变曲线。 显示英文摘要

Recently, it was proposed that an off-center dipole magnetic configuration, together with a non-trivial temperature profile, may be the best model to explain the X-ray light curve of PSR J0030+0451 observed by the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (\emph{NICER}). Using a theoretical model for the electric current density in a force-free pulsar magnetosphere, we compute from first principles the distribution of electric current over the polar cap associated with an off-center magnetic dipole. We then use a simple prescription to compute the resulting temperature distribution, which allows us to derive the observed X-ray light curve. We investigate the role of the volumetric return current region in the polar cap and find that although it does not make a big difference in an aligned dipole case, the difference can be bigger in the case of an off-center dipole. Finally, we apply Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) fitting to the X-ray light curves of pulsars PSR J0030+0451 and PSR J0437--4715 with and without the volumetric return current, and find that our model can reasonably recover the observed X-ray light curves.

[49] arXiv:2503.23425 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 朝向杂化双场理论阿贝尔部分的双重复制公式 显示英文标题

标题： Towards the Double Copy Formulation for the Abelian Sector of Heterotic Double Field Theory

Rasim Yılmaz

评论： 9页。引入了新的双重复制映射，并在第三阶次以内与杂化DFT的阿贝尔部分得到了精确匹配。

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

已经证明，通过使用杨-米尔斯理论的双复制，可以以微扰方式构建到三次阶的双重场理论（DFT）作用量。 此构造也可以通过从高阶导数杨-米尔斯理论开始来扩展，以获得高阶导数的DFT作用量。 在本工作中，我们从包含带电标量场的杨-米尔斯理论出发，即（Y M + \phi ^3）理论，将这种经典的双复制公式扩展到杂化DFT的阿贝尔子部分。 我们通过双复制过程构建的作用量与杂化DFT作用量的阿贝尔部分在三次阶上完全匹配。 显示英文摘要

It has been shown that double field theory (DFT) action can be constructed in a perturbative manner up to cubic order by using double copy of Yang-Mills. This construction can also be extended by starting with higher-derivative Yang-Mills theory to obtain higher-derivative DFT action. In this work, we extend this classical double copy formulation to the Abelian subsector of heterotic DFT, starting with a Yang-Mills theory that includes a charged scalar field, namely (Y M + \phi^3) theory. The action we constructed by a double copy procedure exactly matches with the Abelian sector of heterotic DFT action up to cubic order.

[50] arXiv:2504.01622 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 希格斯模量 inflation 显示英文标题

标题： Higgs-Modular Inflation

Shuntaro Aoki, Hajime Otsuka, Ryota Yanagita

评论： v2：20页，3个图，小幅度修改，已发表版本

主题： 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们研究希格斯场在标准模型中作为基本标量的作用，在模膨胀模型框架下，其中模场作为暴胀子，其相互作用由底层的模对称性支配。 通常，希格斯场可以参与模膨胀的动力学，导致一个两场膨胀系统——称为\emph{希格斯模形式膨胀}——表现出非平凡的动力学和有趣的现象学含义。 我们对希格斯-模膨胀进行了分析和数值分析，强调其吸引子行为和由此产生的观测约束。 特别是，我们发现希格斯-模膨胀在参数空间的某些区域受到阿塔卡马宇宙学望远镜（ACT）最新数据发布的青睐。 这与纯希格斯膨胀和具有Starobinsky型势的纯模膨胀形成对比，后者倾向于预测相对较低的谱指数。 此外，我们讨论了该膨胀模型的截断尺度以及由模场和希格斯场衰变引起的再加热过程。 显示英文摘要

We investigate the role of the Higgs field as a fundamental scalar in the Standard Model within the framework of modular inflation models, where a modulus field acts as the inflaton and its interactions are governed by an underlying modular symmetry. In general, the Higgs field can participate in the dynamics of modular inflation, leading to a two-field inflationary system-termed \emph{Higgs-Modular inflation}-which exhibits non-trivial dynamics and interesting phenomenological implications. We analyze Higgs-Modular inflation both analytically and numerically, highlighting its attractor behavior and the resulting observational constraints. In particular, we find that Higgs-Modular inflation is favored by the latest data release from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) in certain regions of parameter space. This is in contrast to both pure Higgs inflation and pure modular inflation with a Starobinsky-type potential, which tend to predict a relatively low spectral index. Additionally, we discuss the cutoff scale of this inflationary model and the reheating processes induced by the decays of the modulus and the Higgs field.

[51] arXiv:2508.01397 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 通过有限测量时间下压缩输入光增强重力诱导的纠缠 显示英文标题

标题： Enhanced Gravity-Induced Entanglement via Squeezed Input Light under Finite Measurement Time

Kosei Hatakeyama, Daisuke Miki, Kazuhiro Yamamoto

评论： 13页，5图

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

我们研究了在傅里叶域分析中使用压缩输入光生成引力诱导纠缠（GIE）的优势。 基于文献[1]的发现，该研究展示了在量子控制下检测GIE在光机械系统中的可行性，我们进一步证明压缩输入光可以减少机械条件态中的光学噪声并增强GIE。 此外，我们估计了在有限测量时间内使用傅里叶变换测量GIE时的系统误差和统计误差。 基于使用信号噪声比（SNR）进行的误差估计，在GIE检测中，当使用压缩输入光时，需要总测量时间为10^6秒才能达到SNR=1，而无需压缩输入光时则需要10^{6.8}秒。 这一结果突显了光机械系统的有效性以及压缩输入光在增强GIE可检测性中的关键作用。 显示英文摘要

We investigate the advantage of using squeezed input light for generating gravity-induced entanglement (GIE) through Fourier-domain analysis. Based on the findings of [1], which demonstrated the feasibility of detecting GIE in optomechanical systems under quantum control, we further demonstrate that squeezed input light can reduce the optical noise in the mechanical conditional state and enhance GIE. Furthermore, we estimate the systematic and statistical errors in the measurement of GIE using the Fourier transformation over a finite measurement time. Based on the error estimations using the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in GIE detection, we find that a total measurement time of 10^6 s is required to achieve SNR=1 when using squeezed input light, whereas 10^{6.8} s is needed without squeezed input light. This result highlights the effectiveness of optomechanical systems and the critical role of squeezed input light in enhancing the detectability of GIE.

[52] arXiv:2508.01487 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 宇宙-量子联系：评估Kerr-Newman-Kiselev-Letelier黑洞中弱引力和弱宇宙审查假设的可行性 显示英文标题

标题： Cosmic-Quantum Connections: Assessing the Viability of Weak Gravity and Weak Cosmic Censorship Conjectures in Kerr-Newman-Kiselev-Letelier Black Hole

Saeed Noori Gashti, Behnam Pourhassan

评论： 12页，5图

期刊参考： 物理快报 B（2025）：139730

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

本文探讨了弱引力猜想（WGC）与弱宇宙审查猜想（WCCC）之间潜在的验证，这是量子引力中的一个重要挑战。我们研究了在Kerr-Newman-Kiselev-Letelier（KNKL）黑洞背景下WGC和WCCC的可行性。尽管这些猜想看似无关，但它们之间存在令人惊讶的联系，这在量子和宇宙之间建立了一座桥梁。通过施加对黑洞参数的具体约束，我们证明在某些区域WGC和WCCC可以相容。我们研究了KNKL黑洞在$q/m > (Q/M )_{ext}$时的特性，其中$(Q/M )_{ext}$是大极端黑洞的电荷与质量比。我们提供了图表以同时测试这两个猜想的有效性。 没有自旋参数\(a\)，弦参数\(b\)，第五元素参数\(\gamma\)和状态方程参数\(\omega\)，黑洞如果\(Q^2/M^2 \leq 1\)则有两个事件视界，如果\(Q^2/M^2 > 1\)则没有事件视界，这会导致裸奇点，与 WCCC 相矛盾。 然而，当\(a\),\(b\),\(\gamma\), 和\(\omega\)存在时，黑洞在\(Q^2/M^2 > 1\)的某些区域具有事件视界，确保奇点被覆盖，并且 WGC 和 WCCC 都得到满足。 实际上，我们在黑洞的极端态中面临这个问题，即这些假说仍然有效，黑洞保持事件视界。 我们得出结论，参数\(a\)、\(b\)、\(\gamma\)和\(\omega\)的某些区域可以使 WGC 和 WCCC 兼容，表明当这些参数存在时它们是一致的。 显示英文摘要

This paper addresses a potential validation of the weak gravity conjecture (WGC) with the weak cosmic censorship conjecture (WCCC), as a significant challenge in quantum gravity. We explore the viability of the WGC and WCCC in the context of the Kerr-Newman-Kiselev-Letelier (KNKL) black hole. Although these conjectures appear unrelated, but surprising connection between these conjectures, It establishes a bridge between the quantum and the cosmic. By imposing specific constraints on the black hole's parameters, we demonstrate that the WGC and WCCC can be compatible in certain regions. We examine the properties of the KNKL black hole for $q/m > (Q/M )_{ext}$, where $(Q/M )_{ext}$ is the charge-to-mass ratio of a large extremal black hole. We present figures to test the validity of both conjectures simultaneously. Without the spin parameter \(a\), the cloud of string parameter \(b\), quintessence parameter \(\gamma\), and equation of state parameter \(\omega\), the black hole either has two event horizons if \(Q^2/M^2 \leq 1\) or none event horizon if \(Q^2/M^2 > 1\) which leads to a naked singularity that contradicts the WCCC. However, when \(a\), \(b\), \(\gamma\), and \(\omega\) are present, the black hole has event horizons in some regions in the \(Q^2/M^2 > 1\) that ensure the singularity is covered and both the WGC and WCCC are fulfilled. Actually, we face this issue in the extremality state of the black hole viz these conjectures remain viable, with the black hole maintaining an event horizon. We conclude that certain regions of \(a\), \(b\), \(\gamma\), and \(\omega\) parameters can make the WGC and WCCC compatible, indicating their agreement when these parameters are present.