高能物理 - 现象学

新提交
交叉列表
替换

查看最近的文章

显示 2025年10月03日，星期五新的列表

总共 59 条目

显示最多 2000 每页条目：较少 | 更多 | 所有

[1] arXiv:2510.01308 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：增强的轴子暴胀后大爆炸核合成的物质功率谱

标题： Enhanced Matter Power Spectrum from Axion Kination after Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

Raymond T. Co, Nicolas Fernandez, Akshay Ghalsasi, Keisuke Harigaya, Jessie Shelton

评论： 30页，14图

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO)

尽管有大爆炸核合成（BBN）和宇宙微波背景（CMB）观测的严格限制，一些有动机的粒子物理模型仍可能在BBN和再结合之间显著改变宇宙膨胀历史。在本工作中，我们考虑了两种不同的轴子模型，这些模型可以在这个时期实现首先物质主导，然后是动能主导的阶段。我们对原始元素丰度以及CMB数据进行了拟合，并确定这些早期宇宙的探测手段允许晚轴子主导长达一个数量级。我们确定了晚轴子主导对$1/\mathrm{Mpc}\lesssim k \lesssim 10^3/$Mpc 尺度上物质功率谱的影响。我们的“日志”模型预测，在增强区域的两侧，相对于标准$\Lambda$冷暗物质（CDM）预测，呈现出相对适度的峰状特征以及较小的抑制。我们的“双场”模型预测了一个更大的、平台状的特征，能够在物质功率谱上实现高达两个数量级的增强。这些特征对于当前检测能力前沿的结构形成具有有趣的含义。

Despite stringent constraints from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations, it is still possible for well-motivated particle physics models to substantially alter the cosmic expansion history between BBN and recombination. In this work we consider two different axion models that can realize a period of first matter domination, then kination, in this epoch. We perform fits to both primordial element abundances as well as CMB data and determine that up to a decade of late axion domination is allowed by these probes of the early universe. We establish the implications of late axion domination for the matter power spectrum on the scales $1/\mathrm{Mpc}\lesssim k \lesssim 10^3/$Mpc. Our 'log' model predicts a relatively modest bump-like feature together with a small suppression relative to the standard $\Lambda$CDM predictions on either side of the enhancement. Our 'two-field' model predicts a larger, plateau-like feature that realizes enhancements to the matter power spectrum of up to two orders of magnitude. These features have interesting implications for structure formation at the forefront of current detection capabilities.
[2] arXiv:2510.01310 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：从最暗弱星系获得的MACHOs的鲁棒界限

标题： Robust bounds on MACHOs from the faintest galaxies

Peter W. Graham, Harikrishnan Ramani, Maximilian Ruhdorfer

评论： 15页，8图

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 星系的天体物理学 (astro-ph.GA)

我们利用超微弱矮星系（UFD）中恒星的动力加热来对大质量致密晕天体（MACHOs）设置限制。在我们的分析中，我们研究了关键UFD参数的不确定性下界限的稳健性，例如半光半径、恒星速度弥散、总晕质量以及暗物质和恒星密度分布。我们将这个框架应用于已确立的UFD候选者，以及最近发现的UFD候选者大熊座III/UNIONS 1。我们发现多个UFD在质量范围$10\, M_\odot \lesssim M_{\rm MACHO} \lesssim 10^9\, M_\odot$内产生一致的强限制，强调了仅基于Segue I的先前分析的稳健性。我们还证明，如果大熊座III被确认为UFD，将显著改善约束条件，在质量范围$1\, M_{\odot}\lesssim M_{\rm MACHO} \lesssim 10^5\, M_\odot$提供对MACHO暗物质最强的约束。

We use the dynamical heating of stars in ultrafaint dwarf (UFD) galaxies to set limits on Massive Compact Halo Objects (MACHOs). In our analysis we study the robustness of the bounds under uncertainties in key UFD parameters, such as the half-light radius, stellar velocity dispersion, total halo mass and dark matter and stellar density profiles. We apply this framework to both well-established UFD candidates, as well as the recently discovered UFD candidate Ursa Major III/UNIONS 1. We find that multiple UFDs yield consistently strong limits in the mass range $10\, M_\odot \lesssim M_{\rm MACHO} \lesssim 10^9\, M_\odot$, underscoring the robustness of a previous analysis solely based on Segue I. We also demonstrate that Ursa Major III, if confirmed as an UFD, would improve the constraints significantly, providing the strongest constraints on MACHO dark matter in the mass range $1\, M_{\odot}\lesssim M_{\rm MACHO} \lesssim 10^5\, M_\odot$.
[3] arXiv:2510.01311 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：玻尔兹曼抑制的紫外冻结注入

标题： Boltzmann Suppressed Ultraviolet Freeze-in

Nicolás Bernal, Sagnik Mukherjee, James Unwin

评论： 21页，8图

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO)

如果暗物质质量$m$超过宇宙的最大温度（$T_{\rm max} < m$），则其产生速率将被玻尔兹曼抑制。这种玻尔兹曼抑制的重要含义已经针对通过可重正化算符的暗物质冻结注入进行了研究。在这里，我们将这些考虑扩展到通过非可重正化算符进行的紫外线（UV）冻结注入的情况。UV冻结注入变体具有一些吸引人的特点，尤其是给定的有效场理论可以描述多种UV完成方式，因此对于给定的高维冻结注入算符，此类分析是模型无关的。我们对一般质量维度的门户算符进行了模型无关的UV冻结注入分析。随后，我们探讨了一些具体的例子，即希格斯门户、bino暗物质和引力子暗物质。最后，我们讨论了如果偏离关于暴胀再加热的标准假设（即从早期物质主导时代过渡到辐射主导）时会出现的重大差异。作为有动机的例子，我们考察了早期kination主导的影响。玻尔兹曼抑制的UV冻结注入是有根据的，并允许许多有说服力的场景。特别是，我们强调对于$T_{\rm max} \sim$1 TeV，冻结注入机制完全实现在TeV尺度的几个数量级内是可行的，这使其在实验上可探测，与传统的冻结注入情景相反。

If the dark matter mass $m$ exceed the maximum temperature of the Universe ($T_{\rm max} < m$), then its production rate will be Boltzmann suppressed. The important implications of this Boltzmann suppression have been explored for dark matter freeze-in via renormalizable operators. Here we extend these considerations to the case of ultraviolet (UV) freeze-in for which freeze-in proceeds via non-renormalizable operators. The UV freeze-in variant has a number of appealing features, not least that a given effective field theory can describe a multitude of UV completions, and thus such analyses are model agnostic for a given high dimension freeze-in operator. We undertake model independent analyses of UV freeze-in for portal operators of general mass dimensions. Subsequently, we explore a number of specific examples, namely, Higgs portals, bino dark matter, and gravitino dark matter. Finally, we discuss how significant differences arise if one departs from the standard assumptions regarding inflationary reheating (i.e. transitions from an early matter dominated era to radiation domination). As a motivated example we examine the implications of early kination domination. Boltzmann suppressed UV freeze-in is well motivated and permits a number of compelling scenarios. In particular, we highlight that for $T_{\rm max} \sim$ 1 TeV it is feasible that the freeze-in mechanism is entirely realized within a couple of orders of magnitude of the TeV scale, making it experimentally accessible in contrast to traditional freeze-in scenarios.
[4] arXiv:2510.01312 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：更新的夸克和轻子参数在不同尺度下

标题： Updated Running Quark and Lepton Parameters at Various Scales

Stefan Antusch, Kevin Hinze, Shaikh Saad

评论： 18页，8张表格

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

鉴于最近的粒子数据组（PDG）发布，我们重新审视了在不同能量尺度下的运行夸克和轻子Yukawa耦合，以及夸克混合参数。 2024年PDG对低能费米子质量的确定具有显著更小的不确定性，这是由于系统误差的估计减少，相较于2022年分析中的更为保守的处理方法。为了评估这些变化的影响，我们在标准模型（SM）及其最小超对称扩展（MSSM）框架内，分别使用2022年和2024年的数据集，给出了运行参数。演化值及其相关的$1\sigma$不确定性，在 SM 框架下给出于基准尺度$M_Z$和$10^3$，$3\cdot 10^3$，$10^4$，$10^5$，$10^7$，$10^9$，$10^{12}$和$10^{16}$GeV。在MSSM中，我们还提供了不同选择的$\tan\beta$在GUT尺度的结果，假设超对称破缺尺度为3和10 TeV，包括一种近似方法来考虑超对称环状阈值修正。我们进一步讨论了更新结果对于构建和检验超出标准模型理论的影响。

In the light of the recent Particle Data Group (PDG) release, we revisit the running quark and lepton Yukawa couplings, together with the quark mixing parameters, across a range of energy scales. The 2024 PDG determinations of low-energy fermion masses feature significantly smaller uncertainties, resulting from a reduced estimate of systematic errors compared to the more conservative treatment in the 2022 analysis. To assess the impact of these changes, we present running parameters obtained using both the 2022 and 2024 datasets, within the frameworks of the Standard Model (SM) and its minimal supersymmetric extension (MSSM). The evolved values, along with their associated $1\sigma$ uncertainties, are given within the SM framework at benchmark scales of $M_Z$ and $10^3$, $3\cdot 10^3$, $10^4$, $10^5$, $10^7$, $10^9$, $10^{12}$, and $10^{16}$ GeV. Within the MSSM, we additionally provide GUT-scale results for different choices of $\tan\beta$, assuming supersymmetry breaking scales of 3 and 10 TeV, including an approximate way for taking supersymmetric loop threshold corrections into account. We furthermore discuss implications of the updated results for constructing and testing theories beyond the SM.
[5] arXiv:2510.01320 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：人马座A*周围的黑暗拖拽

标题： Dark Drag Around Sagittarius A*

Javier F. Acevedo, Aidan J. Reilly, Lillian Santos-Olmsted

评论： 19页，8图

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE)

我们分析了暗物质（DM）与标准模型（SM）非引力相互作用对靠近超大质量黑洞人马座A*的天体轨道动力学的影响，其中暗物质密度通常预期较高。我们概述了DM-SM散射通道在该区域对物体产生阻力的条件，并表明对于足够大的截面，这种效应可能导致在单个轨道周期的时间尺度上可观测的轨道衰减。我们确定了受这种暗拖曳影响最严重的物体类型，并对特定的暗物质分布和相互作用强度进行了约束，假设发生了弹性与非弹性散射。对于非弹性暗物质，我们发现对达到兆电子伏特量级的质量分裂具有敏感性。我们还证明，由暗物质引起的阻力可能有助于解释银河系最内部区域红巨星分支恒星的观测耗竭。

We analyze the effect of Dark Matter (DM) - Standard Model (SM) non-gravitational interactions on the orbital dynamics of celestial bodies near the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*, where the DM density is generically expected to be high. We outline the conditions under which a DM-SM scattering channel gives rise to a drag force on objects in this region, and show that for sufficiently large cross-sections, this effect can lead to observable orbital decay on timescales as short as a single orbital period. We identify the types of objects most strongly affected by this dark drag and place constraints on specific dark matter distributions and interaction strengths, assuming both elastic and inelastic scattering. For inelastic DM, we find sensitivity to mass splittings that reach the MeV scale. We also demonstrate that a DM-induced drag force could potentially contribute to the observed depletion of red giant branch stars in the innermost region of the Milky Way.
[6] arXiv:2510.01429 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：半轻子和非轻子弱衰变的底重子 $Ω^{(*)}_{b}$

标题： Semileptonic and nonleptonic weak decays of bottom baryons $Ω^{(*)}_{b}$

L. Khajouei, K. Azizi

评论： 24页，5图和11表

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 高能物理 - 格点 (hep-lat)

我们对底重子$\Omega^{*}_{b}$和$\Omega_{b}$在三点QCD求和规则框架下的半轻子和非轻子弱衰变进行了研究。在半轻子区，特别考虑了$\Omega^{*}_b\rightarrow\Omega_c\ell\bar{\nu}_{\ell}$和$\Omega_b\rightarrow\Omega^*_c\ell\bar{\nu}_{\ell}$的跃迁。利用到六阶的算符乘积展开，得到了这些衰变的责任形式因子。获得的形式因子使我们能够确定三个轻子通道中的衰变宽度。还给出了与$\Omega_{b}$重子半轻子衰变相关的分支比。这些不变形式因子随后被用作输入，以确定各种模式下发出伪标量或矢量介子的非轻子弱衰变宽度。对底重子所有可能衰变通道的深入研究为未来实验检验标准模型预测、探索重子衰变中的新物理效应以及加深对重子内部结构的理解提供了有价值的信息。

We present an investigation into the semileptonic and nonleptonic weak decays of bottom baryons $\Omega^{*}_{b}$ and $\Omega_{b}$ within the framework of three-point QCD sum rules. In the semileptonic sector, the $\Omega^{*}_b\rightarrow\Omega_c\ell\bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ and $\Omega_b\rightarrow\Omega^*_c\ell\bar{\nu}_{\ell}$ transitions are specifically considered. Utilizing the operator product expansion up to dimension six, the responsible form factors of these decays are obtained. The acquired form factors enable us to determine the decay widths in three leptonic channels. Branching ratios related to the $\Omega_{b}$ baryon semileptonic decays are also presented. These invariant form factors are subsequently employed as inputs to determine the nonleptonic weak decay widths in various modes with emitting a pseudoscalar or vector meson. An extensive investigation into all possible decay channels of bottom baryons provides valuable information for future experiments to examine the SM predictions, explores the new physics effects in heavy baryonic decays, and advances the understanding of the internal structure of heavy baryons.
[7] arXiv:2510.01431 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：强磁场中的强子物质不是好的强子共振气体模型

标题： Hadron resonance gas is not a good model for hadronic matter in a strong magnetic field

Pasi Huovinen, Michał Marczenko, Michał Szymański, Bithika Karmakar, Pok Man Lo, Chihiro Sasaki, Krzysztof Redlich

评论： 4页，3图，2025年夸克物质会议论文集

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 核理论 (nucl-th)

我们研究磁场对强子共振气体中粒子产率和电荷涨落的影响。我们认为质子产率和重子数敏感度的显著变化是由于对高自旋态的描述不明确，而且由于详细平衡，中性共振态也必须受到磁场的影响。

We study the effect of magnetic field on particle yields and charge fluctuations in hadron resonance gas. We argue that the big changes in the proton yield and baryon number susceptibility are due to ill-defined description of higher-spin states, and that because of detailed balance, neutral resonances must be affected by the field too.
[8] arXiv:2510.01505 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：带有多个奇异夸克的单重重四夸克共振态

标题： Singly heavy tetraquark resonant states with multiple strange quarks

Xin-He Zheng, Yao Ma, Shi-Lin Zhu

评论： 10页，4图，5表，欢迎提出意见

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 高能物理 - 格点 (hep-lat) ; 核理论 (nucl-th)

我们系统地研究了包含两个或三个奇异夸克的S波单重重四夸克系统，即$Qs\bar{s}\bar{s}$、$Qn\bar{s}\bar{s}$和$Qs\bar{s}\bar{n}\left( Q=c,b,n=u,d \right) $，在组成夸克势模型中。我们使用高斯展开方法（GEM）求解四体薛定谔方程，并通过复数缩放方法（CSM）识别共振态。在最低的两介子阈值以下没有束缚态。我们获得了在$Qs\bar{s}\bar{s}$中的$J^P=0^+,2^+$以及在$Qn\bar{s}\bar{s}$和$Qs\bar{s}\bar{n}$中的$J^P=2^+$的几个紧凑共振。极点位置主要分布在$7.0-7.2$GeV（底部）和$3.7-3.9$GeV（魅）附近，宽度从几到几十 MeV。这些共振衰变为$D_s\eta ^\prime ,{D_{(s)}^*}\phi ,{D_s}^*K^*$和$D_s^*\bar{K}^*$（以及它们的底夸克对应态），为未来的实验搜索提供了目标。

We systematically investigate the S-wave singly heavy tetraquark systems containing two or three strange quarks, $Qs\bar{s}\bar{s}$, $Qn\bar{s}\bar{s}$ and $Qs\bar{s}\bar{n}\left( Q=c,b,n=u,d \right) $, within the constituent quark potential model. We solve the four-body Schr\"odinger equation using the Gaussian expansion method (GEM) and identify resonances via the complex scaling method (CSM). There are no bound states below the lowest two-meson thresholds. We obtain several compact resonances with $J^P=0^+,2^+$ in $Qs\bar{s}\bar{s}$, and $J^P=2^+$ in $Qn\bar{s}\bar{s}$ and $Qs\bar{s}\bar{n}$. The pole positions are mainly distributed around $7.0-7.2$ GeV (bottom) and $3.7-3.9$ GeV (charm), with widths from a few to several tens of MeV. These resonances decay into $D_s\eta ^\prime ,{D_{(s)}^*}\phi ,{D_s}^*K^*$ and $D_s^*\bar{K}^*$ (and their bottom counterparts), providing targets for future experimental searches.
[9] arXiv:2510.01564 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：耦合通道的$T_{c\bar{s}}$在$D_{s1}(2460/2536)\to D_sππ$中的动力学

标题： Coupled-Channel Dynamics of $T_{c\bar{s}}$ in $D_{s1}(2460/2536)\to D_sππ$

Zhi Yang, Guang-Juan Wang, Jia-Jun Wu, Makoto Oka

评论： 7页，5图

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex)

在衰变 $D_{s1}(2460)^+ \to D_s^+\pi^+\pi^-$ 中观察到的 $T_{c\bar{s}}$ 状态为具有奇异数的等距矢量开放魅夸克四夸克态提供了直接证据。我们建立了一个统一的理论框架，该框架一致地结合了三角环和 $DK$-$D_s\pi$ 再散射。特别是，通过非对角势项的 $DK$-$D_s\pi$ 耦合通道相互作用，为 $T_{c\bar{s}}$ 极点的起源提供了新的视角。基于对$D_{s1}$质量谱的系统描述，$D_{s1}(2460)$衰变中的双峰结构被完美再现，并由$f_0$共振和再散射图的干涉解释。相比之下，$D_{s1}(2536)$衰变中仅预测了一个峰结构，因为它仅由再散射主导。这种差异源于$S$和$D$波对$D_{s1}(2460)$和$D_{s1}(2536)$的耦合，分别与$D^*K$通道相关，这反映了两个$D_{s1}$状态的内部结构。这种统一的方法展示了衰变和产生机制如何编码动力学的不同方面，为解开奇特强子的本质提供了机会。

The $T_{c\bar{s}}$ state observed in the decay $D_{s1}(2460)^+ \to D_s^+\pi^+\pi^-$ provides direct evidence for an isovector open-charm tetraquark state with strangeness. We develop a unified theoretical framework that consistently incorporates triangle loops and $DK$-$D_s\pi$ rescattering. Especially, $DK$-$D_s\pi$ coupled-channel interactions through off-diagonal potential terms provide a novel perspective on the origin of the $T_{c\bar{s}}$ pole. Based on the systematic description of the $D_{s1}$ mass spectrum, the two-peak structure in $D_{s1}(2460)$ decay is perfectly reproduced, and explained by the interference of the $f_0$ resonance and rescattering diagrams. In contrast, only one-peak structure is predicted in $D_{s1}(2536)$ decay, since it is dominated by rescattering only. This difference originates from the $S$- and $D$-wave dominance for $D_{s1}(2460)$ and $D_{s1}(2536)$ coupling with $D^*K$ channel, respectively, which reflects the internal structures of the two $D_{s1}$ states. This unified approach demonstrates how decay and production mechanisms encode different aspects of dynamics, offering an opportunity to disentangle the nature of exotic hadrons.
[10] arXiv:2510.01672 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：使用深度学习技术提高三重希格斯玻色子搜索的灵敏度

标题： Enhancing the Sensitivity for Triple Higgs Boson Searches with Deep Learning Techniques

Cheng-Wei Chiang, Feng-Yang Hsieh, Shih-Chieh Hsu, Ian Low, Zhi-Zhong Li

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex)

使用包含超出标准模型的扩展标量场的两个基准模型，我们研究了深度学习技术，以增强在完全强子$6b$通道中对共振三重希格斯玻色子搜索的灵敏度，该通道由于从多个$b$-喷注中正确重建希格斯玻色子的组合挑战而受到影响。更具体地说，我们采用了对称性保持注意力网络（\textsc{Spa-Net}）的框架，在正确配对$b$-喷注时考虑排列对称性，以解决喷注配对和事件分类问题。在信号与背景区分方面实现了显著提高的效率。与传统的密集神经网络相比，\textsc{Spa-Net}在共振产生截面的限制上最多提高了40%。这些结果突显了使用先进机器学习技术显著提高完全强子通道中三重希格斯玻色子搜索灵敏度的潜力。

Using two benchmark models containing extended scalar sectors beyond the Standard Model, we study deep learning techniques to enhance the sensitivity of resonant triple Higgs boson searches in the fully hadronic $6b$ channel, which suffers from the combinatorial challenge of reconstructing the Higgs bosons correctly from the multiple $b$-jets. More specifically, we employ the framework of Symmetry Preserving Attention Network (\textsc{Spa-Net}), which takes into account the permutational symmetry when a correct pairing of $b$-jets is achieved, to tackle both jet pairing and event classification. Significantly improved efficiency is achieved in signal and background discrimination. When comparing with the conventional Dense Neural Networks, \textsc{Spa-Net} results in up to 40\% more stringent limits on resonant production cross-sections. These results highlight the potential of using advanced machine learning techniques to significantly improve the sensitivity of triple Higgs boson searches in the fully hadronic channel.
[11] arXiv:2510.01680 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：基于大统一理论的非可逆对称性作为强CP问题和中微子CP破坏相位的解决方案

标题： GUT-motivated non-invertible symmetry as a solution to the strong CP problem and the neutrino CP-violating phase

Tatsuo Kobayashi, Hajime Otsuka, Morimitsu Tanimoto, Tsutomu T. Yanagida

评论： 13页，1图

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

QCD中的未抑制的CP破坏是标准模型中的一个问题。如果我们有一种机制来保证夸克质量矩阵的实行列式，那么物理真空中角$\bar \theta$的消失表明在基本层面上存在CP对称性。因此，小的${\bar \theta}$在技术上是自然的，因为在零$\bar \theta =0$的极限下我们有增强的CP对称性。事实上，已经证明一旦在某个高能标下真空角被固定为0值，它在四环级以下永远不会被重整化。本文的目的是构建一个模型，在假设非可逆对称性的前提下，保证夸克质量矩阵的实行列式。

The unsuppressed CP violation in QCD is a problem in the standard model. If we have some mechanism to guarantee real determinants of the quark mass matrices, the vanishing physical vacuum angle $\bar \theta$ indicates the CP invariance at the fundamental level. Thus, the small ${\bar \theta}$ is technically natural, since we have an enhanced CP symmetry in the limit of the vanishing $\bar \theta =0$. In fact, it was proved that the vacuum angle is never renormalized up to the four-loop level once it is fixed at 0 value at some high energy scale. The purpose of this paper is to construct a model which guarantees the real determinants of the quark mass matrices assuming a non-invertible symmetry.
[12] arXiv:2510.01695 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：用径向基函数神经网络解决欧几里得路径积分中的符号问题

标题： Addressing the sign-problem in Euclidean path integrals with radial basis function neural networks

Gabor Balassa

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 格点 (hep-lat)

在有限密度下求解相互作用场理论仍然是一个在数值和概念上具有挑战性的任务，即使在现代计算能力下也是如此。在本文中，我们提出了一种基于欧几里得路径积分的径向基函数神经网络展开的新方法，该方法能够在有限密度下计算可观测量，并以数值上非常高效的方式克服符号问题。该方法应用于三维加一维的有限化学势下的相互作用复标量场理论，该理论表现出符号问题和银 blaze 现象，类似于 QCD。发生相变的临界化学势估计为$\mu_c=1.17 \pm 0.018$，在$\mu_c$以下银 blaze 问题被准确描述。

Solving interacting field theories at finite densities remains a numerically and conceptually challenging task, even with modern computational capabilities. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on an expansion of the Euclidean path integrals using radial basis function neural networks, which allows the calculation of observables at finite densities and overcomes the sign problem in a numerically very efficient manner. The method is applied to an interacting complex scalar field theory at finite chemical potential in 3+1 dimensions, which exhibits both the sign problem and the silver blaze phenomenon, similar to QCD. The critical chemical potential at which phase transition occurs is estimated to be $\mu_c=1.17 \pm 0.018$, and the silver blaze problem is accurately described below $\mu_c$.
[13] arXiv:2510.01774 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：双环QCD振幅用于强子对撞机上$t\bar{t}γ$的产生

标题： Two-loop QCD amplitudes for $t\bar{t}γ$ production at hadron colliders

Guoxing Wang, Li Lin Yang

评论： 34页，7图和6表

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

光子和顶-反顶夸克对的关联产生（$t\bar{t}\gamma$）对于测量顶夸克电荷和研究顶夸克-光子相互作用非常重要，这需要改进的理论预测。我们专注于在强子对撞机上$t\bar{t}\gamma$产生的二环振幅计算。具有完整顶夸克质量依赖性的红外奇异性是从通用异常维度结合一环质量振幅在维数调节器$\epsilon$的高阶展开中得出的。有限余项在高能增强极限下使用质量因子化公式进行近似。为了验证我们的方法，我们将直到$\mathcal{O}\left(\epsilon^2\right)$的近似一环振幅以及二环红外极点与我们的精确结果进行比较。本文的结果是迈向$t\bar{t}\gamma$产生下一阶下一阶预测的重要一步。

The associated production of a photon and a top-antitop quark pair ($t\bar{t}\gamma$) is important for measuring the top-quark charge and probing the top-photon interaction, and it requires improved theoretical predictions. We focus on the calculation of two-loop amplitudes for $t\bar{t}\gamma$ production at hadron colliders. The infrared singularities with full top-quark mass dependence are derived from universal anomalous dimensions combined with one-loop massive amplitudes expanded to higher orders in the dimensional regulator $\epsilon$. The finite remainders are approximated in the high-energy boosted limit using the mass-factorization formula. To validate our approach, we compare approximate one-loop amplitudes up to $\mathcal{O}\left(\epsilon^2\right)$, as well as the two-loop infrared poles, against our exact results. The results in this paper serve as an important step toward next-to-next-to-leading order predictions for $t\bar{t}\gamma$ production.
[14] arXiv:2510.01816 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：背景抑制在通过$W$状态投影的暗物质量子传感中的应用

标题： Background Suppression in Quantum Sensing of Dark Matter via $W$ State Projection

Shion Chen, Hajime Fukuda, Yutaro Iiyama, Yuya Mino, Takeo Moroi, Mikio Nakahara, Tatsumi Nitta, Thanaporn Sichanugrist

评论： 28页，2图

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我们表明，通过将量子传感器投影到集体激发态来测量暗物质信号，可以显著抑制非集体噪声背景，从而显著提高灵敏度。我们在存在暗物质效应和传感器退相干效应的情况下，追踪传感器状态的演化，优化协议执行时间，并表明通过传感器数量的因子来抑制背景是可能的。此方法在信号积累时间内不需要传感器的纠缠，因此避免了在其他增强方案中存在的保持纠缠态寿命的困难。该协议对于量子位传感器的类型也具有普遍性。

We show that measuring dark matter signal by projecting quantum sensors in the collective excited state can highly suppress the non-collective noise background, hence improving the sensitivity significantly. We trace the evolution of the sensors' state in the presence of both dark matter effect and sensors' decoherence effects, optimizing the protocol execution time, and show that the suppression of background by a factor equal to the number of sensors is possible. This method does not require the entanglement of sensors during the signal accumulation time, hence circumventing the difficulty of maintaining the lifetime of the entangled state that is present in other enhancement proposals. This protocol is also general regarding the type of qubit sensors.
[15] arXiv:2510.01822 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：高多重性碰撞事件中的粒子动量谱、关联性和最大熵原理

标题： Particle momentum spectra, correlations, and maximum entropy principle in high-multiplicity collision events

S.V. Akkelin

评论： 16页

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 核理论 (nucl-th)

在本文中，我们利用最大熵原理来确定小碰撞系统在动能冻结时刻的量子态。我们通过对此态施加固定的粒子数约束，推导出多粒子选择的粒子动量谱和关联函数的表达式。我们分析的结果可能有助于解释固定LHC能量下高多粒子$pp$碰撞事件中粒子动量谱和关联的多粒子依赖性。

In this paper, we utilize the maximum entropy prescription to determine a quantum state of a small collision system at the kinetic freeze-out. We derive expressions for multiplicity-selected particle momentum spectra and correlation functions by applying a fixed particle number constraint to this state. The results of our analysis may be useful for interpreting the multiplicity dependence of the particle momentum spectra and correlations in high-multiplicity $pp$ collision events at a fixed LHC energy.
[16] arXiv:2510.01907 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：惰性中微子暗物质的共振产生与改进的数值方案

标题： Resonant production of sterile neutrino dark matter with a refined numerical scheme

Kentaro Kasai, Masahiro Kawasaki, Kai Murai

评论： 32页，13图

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

大原始中微子不对称性的存在是一个引人入胜的可能性，无论在观测上还是理论上都是如此。这种不对称性可能导致$\mathrm{keV}$规模的惰性中微子共振产生，这是一类引人注目的暗物质候选者。在本文中，我们通过一种改进的数值分析全面重新审视了共振产生过程，采用动量模式的动力学离散化方法来处理共振的尖锐性。我们找到了与X射线和 Lyman-$\alpha$约束一致的参数区域，对于轻子-熵比$\gtrsim \mathcal{O}(10^{-3})$和$m_{\nu_s}\gtrsim 20$keV。我们还探讨了 Affleck-Dine 机制作为这种不对称性的可能起源。虽然之前的研究考虑了轻子数生成之后的共振产生，但我们数值研究了在轻子数注入期间部分惰性中微子被产生的案例。在这个区域内，某些参数集可以缩短自由流长度并减少所需的混合角以匹配观测到的暗物质丰度，从而缓解观测约束。

The existence of a large primordial neutrino asymmetry is an intriguing possibility, both observationally and theoretically. Such an asymmetry can lead to the resonant production of $\mathrm{keV}$-scale sterile neutrinos, which are a fascinating candidate for dark matter. In this paper, we comprehensively revisit the resonant production processes with a refined numerical analysis, adopting a dynamical discretization of momentum modes to take care of the sharpness of the resonance. We find parameter regions consistent with X-ray and Lyman-$\alpha$ constraints for lepton-to-entropy ratio $\gtrsim \mathcal{O}(10^{-3})$ and $m_{\nu_s}\gtrsim 20$\,keV. We also explore the Affleck-Dine mechanism as a possible origin for such asymmetries. While previous studies considered resonant production after lepton number generation, we numerically investigate cases where a fraction of sterile neutrinos is produced during lepton number injection. In this regime, some parameter sets can shorten the free-streaming length and reduce the required mixing angle to match the observed dark matter abundance, thereby mitigating the observational constraints.
[17] arXiv:2510.01962 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：色散关系：基础

标题： Dispersion relations: foundations

Bastian Kubis

评论： 15页，4图；对粒子物理百科全书的贡献

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 核理论 (nucl-th)

我们提供一个教学性的介绍，阐述粒子物理中色散关系的基本思想。从基本的机械系统出发，我们展示因果性这一物理原理如何与解析性这一数学性质密切相关，并且如何在量子力学散射理论中得到实现。我们选取了一些个人认为基础的应用，例如强子产生振幅或形式因子与散射之间的关系，以及在非物理黎曼面上提取共振特性。还简要涉及了一些更高级的主题，如π-π散射的Roy方程以及三体衰变的色散关系。

We give a pedagogical introduction to the founding ideas of dispersion relations in particle physics. Starting from elementary mechanical systems, we show how the physical principle of causality is closely related to the mathematical property of analyticity, and how both are implemented in quantum mechanical scattering theory. We present a personal selection of elementary applications such as the relation between hadronic production amplitudes or form factors to scattering, and the extraction of resonance properties on unphysical Riemann sheets. More advanced topics such as Roy equations for pion--pion scattering and dispersion relations for three-body decays are briefly touched upon.
[18] arXiv:2510.01979 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题： $P$波$Ω$重子的质量分裂的改进预测

标题： Improved prediction of the mass splitting for $P$-wave $Ω$ baryons

Niu Su, Hua-Xing Chen, Philipp Gubler, Atsushi Hosaka

评论： 6页，1表，欢迎提出建议和意见

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

使用QCD求和法则方法，我们研究了$\Omega(2012)$重子的自旋-轨道伙伴态的质量分裂，假设它是一个$P$波激发态，具有$J^P=3/2^-$。这项研究是对先前工作[1]的扩展，在该工作中这些态的质量被估计，但不确定性太大，无法提取可靠的质量分裂。在本研究中，通过直接制定质量分裂的求和法则，我们得到了一个改进的预测，$\delta M = M_{3/2^-} - M_{1/2^-} = -18.0^{+ 33.6}_{-17.1}$MeV。这个结果为$P$波$\Omega$重子的谱提供了更定量的见解，并为未来实验提供了一个有用的参考。

Using the QCD sum rule method, we investigate the mass splitting for the spin-orbit partner states of the $\Omega(2012)$ baryon assuming that it is a $P$-wave excitation with $J^P=3/2^-$. This study is an extension of the previous work [1] in which the masses of these states were estimated with uncertainties too large to extract the reliable mass splitting. In the present study, by directly formulating a sum rule for the mass splitting, we obtain an improved prediction, $\delta M = M_{3/2^-} - M_{1/2^-} = -18.0^{+ 33.6}_{-17.1}$ MeV. This result provides a more quantitative insight into the spectrum of $P$-wave $\Omega$ baryons and serves as a useful reference for future experiments.
[19] arXiv:2510.02076 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：轻夸克S波五夸克在轻子面上

标题： Light S-wave pentaquarks on the light front

Fangcheng He, Edward Shuryak, Wan Wu, Ismail Zahed

评论： 14页，4图

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 核理论 (nucl-th)

我们构建了一个在规则4-单形上用于五夸克态的显式基集，该基集对角化了轻五夸克在轻子前面上的哈密顿量。由此得到的本征态不受质心运动的影响，并满足精确的狄利克雷边界条件。以颜色自旋或味自旋形式的超精细相互作用被证明可以消除16个五夸克态的简并性，其能谱与一些经验核子激发态相当。讨论了轻五夸克态的夸克PDF。

We construct an explicit basis set for pentaquark states on a regular 4-simplex, that diagonalizes the Hamiltonian for light pentaquarks with confinement on the light front (LF). The ensuing eigenstates are free of the center of mass motion and satisfy exact Dirichlet boundary conditions. Hyperfine interactions in the form of color-spin or flavor-spin are shown to lift the degeneracy of the 16 pentastates, with a spectrum that compares fairly with some of the empirical nucleon excited states. The quark PDF for the light pentastates is discussed.
[20] arXiv:2510.02083 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：更新ACT之后的GUT尺度极点希格斯膨胀

标题： Updating GUT-Scale Pole Higgs Inflation After ACT

C. Pallis

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们考虑由在大统一对称性自发破缺尺度下参与的共轭Higgs超场实部驱动的混沌暴胀模型，假设其值在MSSM范围内。我们将由应用连续R对称性唯一确定的超势与两个分数平移对称Kähler势结合，引入两个自由参数(p,N)。暴胀观测量对于1.355≤p≤6.7和6×10^-5≤N≤0.7的范围与最近的ACT数据非常吻合。暴胀的实现允许亚普朗克标量场值，并且可能检测到原初引力波，其(p,N)值为数量级。通过在模型的超势中加入适当项，还可以解决MSSM的μ问题和通过非热轻子生成实现重子生成。

We consider models of chaotic inflation driven by the real parts of a conjugate pair of Higgs superfields involved in the spontaneous breaking of a grand unification symmetry at a scale assuming its value within MSSM. We combine a superpotential, which is uniquely determined by applying a continuous R symmetry, with two fractional shift-symmetric Kaehler potentials introducing two free parameters (p,N). The inflationary observables provide an excellent match to the recent ACT data for 1.355<=p<=6.7 and 6x10^-5<= N<=0.7. The attainment of inflation allows for subplanckian inflaton values and possibly detectable primordial gravitational waves with (p,N) values of order unity. A solution to the mu problem of MSSM and baryogenesis via non-thermal leptogenesis can be also accommodated extending the superpotential of the model with suitable terms.
[21] arXiv:2510.02085 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：胶子辐射效应下强子碰撞中的全魅夸克四夸克态产生

标题： Fully charm tetraquark production at hadronic collisions with gluon radiation effects

Yefan Wang, Ruilin Zhu

评论： 6页和4张图；欢迎提出意见和建议

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 高能物理 - 格点 (hep-lat) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们完成了对全魅夸克四夸克态的首次完整的次领头阶QCD计算。通过重新求和各种胶子辐射效应，我们将它们的强子产生截面精度提高到了${\cal O}(\alpha_s^5)$的量级。通过对称性分析，我们研究了全魅夸克四夸克态可能的夸克构型，并在其颜色对称-反对称基下扩展了它的状态。通过结合LHCb对奇异强子X(6900)总产生截面的数据和CMS对其自旋宇称的测量，我们提取了非微扰但普遍的长程距离矩阵元。最后，预测了快速度和横向动量分布，这些结果有待进一步的实验验证。

We have completed the first complete next-to-leading order QCD calculation for the fully charm tetraquark state. By resumming over various gluon radiation effects, we have improved the precision of their hadroproduction cross-section to the order of ${\cal O}(\alpha_s^5)$. Through symmetry analysis, we investigated the possible quark configurations of the fully charm tetraquark and expanded its states in the color symmetry-antisymmetry basis. By combining LHCb data on the total cross section of the exotic hadron X(6900) and CMS measurements of its spin-parity, we extracted the non-perturbative but universal long-distance matrix elements. In the end, the rapidity and transverse momentum distributions are predicted, which await further experimental verification.
[22] arXiv:2510.02175 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：单质量可变味道数方案在三环阶次的实现

标题： The Single-Mass Variable Flavor Number Scheme at Three-Loop Order

J. Ablinger, A. Behring, J. Blümlein, A. De Freitas, A. von Manteuffel, C. Schneider, K. Schönwald

评论： 27页，13图，附录文件

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex)

在非极化和极化变量味道数方案中，三环阶的匹配关系在单质量情况下给出。它们描述了大虚度下重夸克变为轻夸克的过程$Q^2$。在此框架中，可以定义重夸克部分子分布。给出了单质量变量味道数方案下轻子、魅夸克和底夸克分布的匹配关系的数值结果。这些关系与过程无关。在极化情况下，我们通常在Larin方案中工作。在两环阶，我们也给出了$\overline{\rm MS}$方案中的极化质量OMEs。提供了单质量质量算子矩阵元素的快速数值代码。

The matching relations in the unpolarized and polarized variable flavor number scheme at three-loop order are presented in the single-mass case. They describe the process of massive quarks becoming light at large virtualities $Q^2$. In this framework, heavy-quark parton distributions can be defined. Numerical results are presented on the matching relations in the case of the single-mass variable flavor number scheme for the light parton, charm and bottom quark distributions. These relations are process independent. In the polarized case we generally work in the Larin scheme. To two-loop order we present the polarized massive OMEs also in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ scheme. Fast numerical codes for the single-mass massive operator matrix elements are provided.
[23] arXiv:2510.02254 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：部分子分布在冲击波形式中

标题： Parton distributions in the shockwave formalism

Shohini Bhattacharya, Chuan-Qi He, Zhong-Bo Kang, Diego Padilla, Jani Penttala

评论： 49页，11图

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 核理论 (nucl-th)

在本工作中，我们直接从靶核子的冲击波近似下的算符级定义计算了一大类部分子分布——包括部分子分布函数（PDFs）、与横动量相关的分布（TMDs）、广义部分子分布（GPDs）、广义与横动量相关的分布（GTMDs）以及衍射部分子分布。此近似在散射的高能极限下有效，对应于小-$x$的区域。冲击波框架使我们能够采用eikonal近似，并将部分子分布表示为威尔逊线相关函数，在颜色玻璃凝聚有效场理论中自然表述。我们提出了在该极限下评估部分子分布的一整套费曼规则，并展示了如何系统地应用它们来计算所有在领先阶下具有物理意义的领先扭度部分子分布。本工作为未来旨在将颜色玻璃凝聚方法与核子的粒子描述相衔接的研究建立了一个统一的起点。

In this work, we calculate a broad class of parton distributions - including parton distribution functions (PDFs), transverse-momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs), generalized parton distributions (GPDs), generalized transverse-momentum-dependent distributions (GTMDs), and diffractive parton distributions - directly from their operator-level definition in the shockwave approximation for the target nucleon. This approximation is valid in the high-energy limit of scattering, corresponding to the small-$x$ regime. The shockwave framework allows us to employ the eikonal approximation and express the parton distributions in terms of Wilson-line correlators, naturally formulated within the color-glass condensate effective field theory. We present a comprehensive set of Feynman rules for evaluating parton distributions in this limit, and demonstrate how they can be systematically applied to calculate all phenomenologically relevant leading-twist parton distributions at leading order. This work establishes a unified starting point for future studies that aim to bridge the color-glass condensate approach with the partonic description of the nucleon.
[24] arXiv:2510.02310 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：天体物理效应的电弱$\etaw$伪标量

标题： Astrophysical Consequences of an Electroweak $\etaw$ Pseudo-Scalar

Hooman Davoudiasl

评论： Revtex4-2，4页，2图

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 星系的天体物理学 (astro-ph.GA)

最近，有人建议标准模型中物理态的谱可能包括一个超轻的伪标量，用$\eta_w$表示，这与来自强相互作用的$\eta'$状态类似。我们发现，对超轻玻色子耦合的天体物理限制挑战了对$\eta_w$特性的典型预期。我们最强的限制设定了假定的伪标量衰减常数的下限为 O(1000 TeV)。我们还简要讨论了$\eta_w$是否可能是暗物质候选者，或是暗能量的来源，但得出的结论是这些识别似乎不太可能。鉴于潜在被忽视的$\eta_w$状态对于更全面地理解弱电相互作用和自然的基本描述的重要意义，有必要进一步对这一可能性及其相关物理进行理论和现象学研究。

Recently, it has been suggested that the spectrum of physical states in the Standard Model may include an ultralight pseudo-scalar, denoted by $\eta_w$, in analogy with the $\eta'$ state arising from the strong interactions. We find that typical expectations for the properties of $\eta_w$ get challenged by astrophysical constraints on the couplings of ultralight bosons. Our strongest limit sets a lower bound of O(1000 TeV) on the decay constant of the hypothesized pseudo-scalar. We also briefly discuss whether $\eta_w$ could be a dark matter candidate, or the origin of dark energy, but conclude that those identifications appear unlikely. Given the important implications of a potentially overlooked $\eta_w$ state for a more complete understanding of the electroweak interactions and a fundamental description of Nature, further theoretical and phenomenological investigations of this possibility and its associated physics are warranted.

[25] arXiv:2510.01309 (交叉列表自 astro-ph.CO) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：宇宙学对隐蔽暗辐射的约束

标题： Cosmological Constraints on Secluded Dark Radiation

Jae Hyeok Chang, Peizhi Du, Subhajit Ghosh, Soubhik Kumar

评论： 40页，13图

主题：宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

暗辐射（DR）在标准模型（SM）之外的物理学中是普遍存在的，它与SM和暗物质（DM）的相互作用会导致宇宙学观测量的各种有趣效应。然而，即使在DR处于“隔离”情形下，即仅通过引力与SM和DM相互作用，它仍可能留下可辨识的特征。我们对四种不同类型的DR进行了全面研究：自由流、自相互作用（耦合）、退耦和再耦合DR，并改变初始条件以包括绝热和等曲率扰动。除了这些特性外，我们还变化中微子能量密度、DR能量密度和SM中微子质量，以进行一般性分析并研究中微子和DR特性之间的退化关系。我们利用宇宙微波背景、大尺度结构和超新星数据集推导约束条件。我们发现没有明显的偏好支持超出$\Lambda$CDM 模型的物理，但数据表现出不同物理量之间的有趣相互作用。当允许中微子能量密度变化时，我们发现宇宙学数据更倾向于无质量的自由流DR而非有质量的中微子，从而显著放松了中微子质量的限制。尽管我们没有发现DR等曲率的证据，但数据显示出等曲率功率谱的强烈蓝倾的支持。我们的分析还突出了各种DR参数与哈勃常数$H_0$的退化关系，导致$H_0$紧张度的轻微缓解。

Dark radiation (DR) is ubiquitous in physics beyond the Standard Model (SM), and its interactions with the SM and dark matter (DM) lead to a variety of interesting effects on cosmological observables. However, even in scenarios where DR is 'secluded', i.e., only gravitationally interacting with SM and DM, it can leave discernible signatures. We present a comprehensive study of four different types of DR: free-streaming, self-interacting (coupled), decoupling, and recoupling DR, and vary initial conditions to include both adiabatic and isocurvature perturbations. In addition to these properties, we also vary neutrino energy density, DR energy density, and the SM neutrino masses to perform a general analysis and study degeneracies among neutrino and DR properties. We derive constraints using the cosmic microwave background, large-scale structure, and supernova datasets. We find no significant preference for physics beyond the $\Lambda$CDM model, but data exhibit interesting interplays between different physical quantities. When the neutrino energy density is allowed to vary, we find that the cosmological dataset prefers massless free-streaming DR over massive neutrinos, leading to a significant relaxation of the neutrino mass bound. Although we do not find any evidence of DR isocurvature, the data show support for a strong blue tilt of the isocurvature power spectrum. Our analysis also highlights the degeneracy of various DR parameters with the Hubble constant $H_0$ resulting in a mild relaxation of the $H_0$ tension.
[26] arXiv:2510.01360 (交叉列表自 hep-th) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]: 标题：关于暴胀前的非高斯性

标题： On Pre-Inflationary non Gaussianities

M.Meo, A. Sagnotti (Scuola Normale Superiore and INFN, Pisa, ITALY)

评论： 26页，LaTeX，11图

主题：高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

我们探讨了在弦理论中高能标超对称破缺情景下曲率扰动的三点振幅，其中暴胀场被迫攀爬一个陡峭的指数势。我们可以付出一些简化的代价，并且更重要的是，基于弦理论的软化效应的一些假设来实现这一点。这些假设提出了一种很久以前由Gasperini和Veneziano提出的场景，其中初始奇点被反弹所取代，由此产生的分析依赖于一个尺度$\Delta$，它在宇宙微波背景的角功率谱中留下了一些迹象。该振幅包含两种类型的贡献：第一种在Maldacena的原始结果周围振荡，无法进一步提供检测非高斯信号的可能性，但第二种则微妙地与攀爬阶段结束时的转折点相关，在暴胀的e-因子窗口62<N<66内，可能与普朗克约束相容并且可观察。涉及张量模式的振幅仅包含第一种类型的贡献。

We explore the three-point amplitude of curvature perturbations in scenarios suggested by high-scale supersymmetry breaking in String Theory, where the inflaton is forced to climb a steep exponential potential. We can do it at the price of some simplifications, and more importantly with some assumptions on the softening effects of String Theory. These suggest a scenario proposed long ago by Gasperini and Veneziano, where the initial singularity is replaced by a bounce, and the resulting analysis rests on a scale $\Delta$ that leaves some signs in the angular power spectrum of the CMB. The amplitude comprises two types of contribution: the first oscillates around the original result of Maldacena and gives no further prospects to detect a non-Gaussian signal, but the second, which is subtly tied to the turning point at the end of the climbing phase, within the window 62<N<66 for the inflationary e-folds could be compatible with Planck constraints and potentially observable. The amplitudes involving the tensor modes contain only the first type of contribution.
[27] arXiv:2510.01491 (交叉列表自 astro-ph.CO) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：强引力透镜扰动器来自SIDM协奏曲套件

标题： Strong Lensing Perturbers from the SIDM Concerto Suite

Demao Kong, Ethan O. Nadler, Hai-Bo Yu

评论： 14页，13图，提交至PRD

主题：宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 星系的天体物理学 (astro-ph.GA) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

受强引力透镜系统中低质量扰动体的最新探测启发，我们研究了Concerto套件中的这些物体的类似物，这是一组自相互作用暗物质（SIDM）的宇宙学N体zoom-in模拟，具有高幅度、速度依赖的截面。我们研究了与引力成像测量相关的特征晕属性，重点关注投影封闭质量和中心密度斜率。在SIDM中，这些量通过引力热过程连续演变，跨越核心扩展和核心坍缩阶段，这与冷暗物质形成后几乎保持静态的情况形成鲜明对比。这种SIDM演化还取决于潮汐环境和合并历史，可以通过强透镜进行探测。我们还识别出与最近观测推断的低质量扰动体属性一致的模拟SIDM晕，并证明核心坍缩机制为它们观察到的高密度提供了有力的解释。我们的结果突显了强引力透镜作为探测暗物质自相互作用的强大工具的潜力。

Motivated by recent detections of low-mass perturbers in strong gravitational lensing systems, we investigate analogs of these objects in the Concerto suite, a set of cosmological N-body zoom-in simulations of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) with high-amplitude, velocity-dependent cross sections. We investigate characteristic halo properties relevant to gravitational imaging measurements, focusing on the projected enclosed mass and the central density slope. In SIDM, these quantities evolve continuously through gravothermal processes, spanning core-expansion and core-collapse phases, in sharp contrast to cold dark matter, where they remain nearly static after halo formation. This SIDM evolution further depends on tidal environment and merger history, which can be probed through strong lensing. We also identify simulated SIDM halos whose properties are consistent with the properties of low-mass perturbers inferred from recent observations, and we demonstrate that the core-collapse mechanism offers a compelling explanation for their observed high densities. Our results highlight the potential of strong gravitational lensing as a powerful probe of dark matter self-interactions.
[28] arXiv:2510.01974 (交叉列表自 astro-ph.CO) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题： BAO偏差无法挽救哈勃张力的晚时间解

标题： BAO miscalibration cannot rescue late-time solutions to the Hubble tension

Davide Pedrotti, Luis A. Escamilla, Valerio Marra, Leandros Perivolaropoulos, Sunny Vagnozzi

评论： 41页，22个子图分为15幅图，许多参考文献

主题：宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) measurements play a key role in ruling out post-recombination solutions to the Hubble tension. However, because the data compression leading to these measurements assumes a fiducial $\Lambda$CDM cosmology, their reliability in testing late-time modifications to $\Lambda$CDM has at times been called into question. We play devil's advocate and posit that fiducial cosmology assumptions do indeed affect BAO measurements in such a way that low-redshift acoustic angular scales (proportional to the Hubble constant $H_0$) are biased low, and test whether such a rescaling can rescue post-recombination solutions. The answer is no. Firstly, strong constraints on the shape of the $z \lesssim 2$ expansion history from unanchored Type Ia Supernovae (SNeIa) prevent large deviations from $\Lambda$CDM. In addition, unless $\Omega_m$ is significantly lower than $0.3$, the rescaled BAO measurements would be in strong tension with geometrical information from the Cosmic Microwave Background. 我们在几种暗能量（DE）模型（$w$CDM，CPL DE，经验性出现的DE，全息DE，$\Lambda_s$CDM，以及负宇宙常数模型）上明确展示了这一点，发现一旦引入未锚定的SNeIa，这些模型都无法解决哈勃张力问题。我们认为$\Lambda_s$CDM符号切换宇宙常数模型具有有趣的特性，使其成为这些测试中最具希望的一个。我们的结果表明，可能的基准宇宙学引起的BAO偏差不能作为哈勃张力“无解定理”的漏洞来援引，并突显了未锚定的SNeIa在排除重组后解决方案中的极其重要但迄今为止被低估的作用。

Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) measurements play a key role in ruling out post-recombination solutions to the Hubble tension. However, because the data compression leading to these measurements assumes a fiducial $\Lambda$CDM cosmology, their reliability in testing late-time modifications to $\Lambda$CDM has at times been called into question. We play devil's advocate and posit that fiducial cosmology assumptions do indeed affect BAO measurements in such a way that low-redshift acoustic angular scales (proportional to the Hubble constant $H_0$) are biased low, and test whether such a rescaling can rescue post-recombination solutions. The answer is no. Firstly, strong constraints on the shape of the $z \lesssim 2$ expansion history from unanchored Type Ia Supernovae (SNeIa) prevent large deviations from $\Lambda$CDM. In addition, unless $\Omega_m$ is significantly lower than $0.3$, the rescaled BAO measurements would be in strong tension with geometrical information from the Cosmic Microwave Background. We demonstrate this explicitly on several dark energy (DE) models ($w$CDM, CPL DE, phenomenologically emergent DE, holographic DE, $\Lambda_s$CDM, and the negative cosmological constant model), finding that none can address the Hubble tension once unanchored SNeIa are included. We argue that the $\Lambda_s$CDM sign-switching cosmological constant model possesses interesting features which make it the least unpromising one among those tested. Our results demonstrate that possible fiducial cosmology-induced BAO biases cannot be invoked as loopholes to the Hubble tension "no-go theorem", and highlight the extremely important but so far underappreciated role of unanchored SNeIa in ruling out post-recombination solutions.

[29] arXiv:2303.08143 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]: 标题：用能量关联函数探测冷核物质

标题： Probing cold nuclear matter with energy correlators

Kyle Devereaux, Wenqing Fan, Weiyao Ke, Kyle Lee, Ian Moult

评论： 11页，11幅精美图示，以及附录

期刊参考：物理评论C 112，035202（2025）

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 核实验 (nucl-ex) ; 核理论 (nucl-th)

未来电子-离子碰撞器（EIC）将产生电子与各种核的首次高能碰撞，开启研究冷核物质的新时代。在这些碰撞中产生的夸克和胶子将在核的致密物质中传播，将其结构刻入最终态强子能量通量的细微关联中。在本文中，我们将喷注子结构领域最近的发展，即能量关联观测量，应用于解码这些关联，并提供一种观察核结构的新窗口。能量关联量提供了对真空量子色动力学（QCD）尺度依赖性的校准探测，使介质修改能够作为尺度的函数被成像和解释。使用eHIJING部分子簇射模拟电子-核碰撞，我们证明了核的大小在关联量中以角度尺度体现，其大小在现实的EIC动量条件下是可见的。我们可以观察到所提议的EIC核靶之间的大小差异${}^3$He, ${}^4$He, ${}^{12}$C, ${}^{40}$Ca, ${}^{64}$Cu, ${}^{197}$Au, 和 ${}^{238}$U，表明能量关联量可以利用渐近能量通量成像飞米长度尺度。我们的方法为对撞机实验中的喷注子结构提供了统一的观点，并提供了许多新的理论工具，以揭示极端环境中（无论是热还是冷）QCD的复杂动力学。

The future electron-ion collider (EIC) will produce the first-ever high energy collisions between electrons and a wide range of nuclei, opening a new era in the study of cold nuclear matter. Quarks and gluons produced in these collisions will propagate through the dense nuclear matter of nuclei, imprinting its structure into subtle correlations in the energy flux of final state hadrons. In this article, we apply recent developments from the field of jet substructure, namely the energy correlator observables, to decode these correlations and provide a new window into nuclear structure. The energy correlators provide a calibrated probe of the scale dependence of vacuum quantum chromodynamics (QCD), enabling medium modifications to be imaged and interpreted as a function of scale. Using the eHIJING parton shower to simulate electron-nucleus collisions, we demonstrate that the size of the nucleus is imprinted as an angular scale in the correlators, with a magnitude that is visible for realistic EIC kinematics. We can observe the size difference between the proposed EIC nuclear targets ${}^3$He, ${}^4$He, ${}^{12}$C, ${}^{40}$Ca, ${}^{64}$Cu, ${}^{197}$Au, and ${}^{238}$U, showing that the energy correlators can image femtometer length scales using asymptotic energy flux. Our approach offers a unified view of jet substructure across collider experiments, and provides numerous new theoretical tools to unravel the complex dynamics of QCD in extreme environments, both hot and cold.
[30] arXiv:2404.12425 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：三重希格斯玻色子产生和双实单态模型中的电弱相变

标题： Triple Higgs boson production and electroweak phase transition in the two-real-singlet model

Osama Karkout, Andreas Papaefstathiou, Marieke Postma, Gilberto Tetlalmatzi-Xolocotzi, Jorinde van de Vis, Tristan du Pree

评论： 34页，5张图。TRSM的140个新基准点包含在附加工具文件中（请参阅LaTeX源文件）

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex)

在标准模型的$\mathbb{Z}_2$对称的两个实单态扩展中，强子对撞机上产生三个希格斯玻色子可以通过双共振效应得到增强，这使得它在未来的LHC运行中可能被观测到。产生的速率在大标量耦合下达到最大值，这促使我们仔细重新考虑该理论的微扰性约束。这使我们构建了一组新的140个基准点，其三希格斯玻色子产生截面至少是标准模型值的100倍。此外，我们研究了电弱相变的动力学，既在领先阶进行分析，又在不使用高温展开的情况下进行数值研究。两种分析都表明，一阶相变与当前真空中两个单态具有非零真空期望值的要求不相容，这是双重增强的三希格斯玻色子产生所必需的。相反，允许其中一个单态保持零场值则可以实现一阶相变，同时二希格斯玻色子产生仍可通过（单）共振得到增强。

The production of three Higgs bosons at hadron colliders can be enhanced by a double-resonant effect in the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric two-real-singlet extension of the Standard Model, making it potentially observable in future LHC runs. The production rate is maximized for large scalar couplings, which prompts us to carefully reconsider the perturbativity constraints on the theory. This leads us to construct a new set of 140 benchmark points that have a triple Higgs boson production cross-section at least 100 times larger than the SM value. Furthermore, we study the dynamics of the electroweak phase transition, both analytically at leading order, and numerically without the high-temperature expansion. Both analyses indicate that a first-order phase transition is incompatible with the requirement that both singlets have a non-zero vev in the present-day vacuum, as required by doubly-enhanced triple Higgs boson production. Allowing instead one of the singlets to remain at zero field value opens up the possibility of a first-order phase transition, while di-Higgs boson production can still be enhanced by a (single) resonance.
[31] arXiv:2405.06603 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：通胀引力波谱形状作为低尺度轻子生成的测试

标题： Inflationary Gravitational Wave Spectral Shapes as test for Low-Scale Leptogenesis

Zafri A. Borboruah, Anish Ghoshal, Lekhika Malhotra, Urjit Yajnik

评论： 59页，包括参考文献，14幅带说明的图，修改版，与在PRD中接受的版本一致

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们研究了一种一般情况下非热共振轻子生成，其中重大质量中微子$\phi$衰变为右手中微子（RHNs），其进一步的非平衡衰变产生了所需的轻子不对称性。宇宙能量预算由$\phi$或 RHNs 主导会改变原初引力波（PGW）的演化历史，这些引力波在暴胀后重新进入视界，从而修改光谱形状。 $\phi$和 RHNs 的衰变会向早期宇宙释放熵，而几乎简并的 RHNs 有助于低和中等尺度的轻子生成。由于 GW 光谱的特征阻尼而产生的类似膝盖状特征可以为低尺度非热轻子生成提供证据。我们探索了最轻右旋中微子质量$M_1\in[10^2,10^{14}]$GeV 和洗脱参数$K$的参数空间，该洗脱参数依赖于轻-重中微子的 Yukawa 耦合$\lambda$，在弱 ($K < 1$) 和强 ($K > 1$) 洗脱区域中。结果产生的新特性与观测到的重子不对称性相容，可通过未来实验如 LISA 和 ET 进行检测。通过估计未来引力波实验的信噪比（SNR），我们研究了主要子质量$M_\phi$和再加热温度$T_\phi$的影响，这取决于$\phi-N$的 Yukawa 耦合$y_N$。

We study non-thermal resonant leptogenesis in a general setting where a heavy majoron $\phi$ decays to right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) whose further out-of-equilibrium decay generates the required lepton asymmetry. Domination of the energy budget of the Universe by the $\phi$ or the RHNs alters the evolution history of the primordial gravitational waves (PGW) of inflationary origin, which re-enter the horizon after inflation, modifying the spectral shape. The decays of $\phi$ and RHNs release entropy into the early Universe while nearly degenerate RHNs facilitate low and intermediate-scale leptogenesis. A characteristic damping of the GW spectrum resulting in knee-like features would provide evidence for low-scale non-thermal leptogenesis. We explore the parameter space for the lightest right-handed neutrino mass $M_1\in[10^2,10^{14}]$ GeV and washout parameter $K$ that depends on the light-heavy neutrino Yukawa couplings $\lambda$, in the weak ($K < 1$) and strong ($K > 1$) washout regimes. The resulting novel features compatible with observed baryon asymmetry are detectable by future experiments like LISA and ET. By estimating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for upcoming GW experiments, we investigate the effect of the majoron mass $M_\phi$ and reheating temperature $T_\phi$, which depends on the $\phi-N$ Yukawa couplings $y_N$.
[32] arXiv:2501.09738 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：部分子分布函数和幅值使用张量网络方法

标题： Partonic distribution functions and amplitudes using tensor network methods

Zhong-Bo Kang, Noah Moran, Peter Nguyen, Wenyang Qian

评论： 21页，4图，2表

期刊参考： JHEP 09 (2025) 176

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 格点 (hep-lat) ; 核理论 (nucl-th) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

部分子分布函数（PDF）和分布幅度（DA）的计算对于核心实验计划非常重要，因为它们分别提供了包括和排除过程的非微扰输入。 PDFs 和 DAs 的直接计算仍然具有挑战性，因为它们是非微扰量，定义为夸克和胶子场的光锥关联函数，因此本质上是时间依赖的。在本工作中，我们使用基于张量网络模拟技术的统一量子策略，直接从第一原理提取这些强子量，使用相同设置下的强子矩阵乘积状态。我们展示了在 1+1 维下使用 Nambu-Jona-Lasinio 模型的示例数值计算，并与现有的精确对角化和量子电路模拟结果进行比较。利用张量网络，我们在大量子位极限下评估了不同强耦合下的 PDF 和 DA，这与微扰和非相对论极限下的预期一致。

Calculations of the parton distribution function (PDF) and distribution amplitude (DA) are highly relevant to core experimental programs as they provide non-perturbative inputs to inclusive and exclusive processes, respectively. Direct computation of the PDFs and DAs remains challenging because they are non-perturbative quantities defined as light-cone correlators of quark and gluon fields, and are therefore inherently time-dependent. In this work, we use a uniform quantum strategy based on tensor network simulation techniques to directly extract these hadronic quantities from first principles using the matrix product state of the hadrons in the same setup. We present exemplary numerical calculations with the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in 1+1 dimensions and compare with available exact diagonalization and quantum circuit simulation results. Using tensor networks, we evaluate the PDF and DA at various strong couplings in the large-qubit limit, which is consistent with expectations at perturbative and non-relativistic limits.
[33] arXiv:2501.15649 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：超冷暗标量相变对NANOGrav数据的解释

标题： Supercooled Dark Scalar Phase Transitions explanation of NANOGrav data

Francesco Costa, Jaime Hoefken Zink, Michele Lucente, Silvia Pascoli, Salvador Rosauro-Alcaraz

评论：匹配已发布的版本。包含若干澄清内容

期刊参考：物理评论快报 868 (2025) 139634

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

在nHz频率范围内的随机引力波背景（SGWB）的证据将为宇宙提供一个新的窗口。一种首选的解释是基于100 MeV-GeV尺度上的超冷却一阶相变。在本文中，我们探讨从粒子物理模型到引力波产生的可行性。我们采用一种最小的暗区模型，引入最少的必要成分，即一个新的U(1)规范群和一个动态打破对称性的暗标量。超冷却在分析中带来了挑战，这使得这种解释的可行性受到质疑：我们对此进行了研究，并超越了之前的研究，仔细考虑了真空主导阶段的影响，并明确跟踪了相变从开始到完成的过程。我们发现，所提出的模型可以成功地产生观测到的PTA SGWB信号。强烈的超冷却在新的规范耦合和标量四次方耦合之间建立了相关性，导致规范玻色子（更重的）和暗标量之间存在显著的层次结构。最终，从SGWB观测中获得的相变信息可以为早期宇宙的微观物理提供直接探测，并用于指导实验室中暗区的未来搜索。

The evidence of a Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) in the nHz frequency range is posed to open a new window on the Universe. A preferred explanation relies on a supercooled first order phase transition at the 100 MeV - GeV scale. In this article, we address the feasibility going from the particle physics model to the production of the gravitational waves. We take a minimal approach for the dark sector model introducing the fewest ingredients required, namely a new U(1) gauge group and a dark scalar that dynamically breaks the symmetry. Supercooling poses challenges in the analysis that put under question the feasibility of this explanation: we address them, going beyond previous studies by carefully considering the effects of a vacuum domination phase and explicitly tracking the phase transition from its onset to its completion. We find that the proposed model can successfully give origin to the observed PTA SGWB signal. The strong supercooling imposes a correlation between the new gauge coupling and the scalar quartic one, leading to a significant hierarchy between the (heavier) gauge boson and the dark scalar. Ultimately, information on phase transitions from SGWB observations could provide a direct probe of the microphysics of the Early Universe and be used to guide future searches of dark sector in laboratories.
[34] arXiv:2503.11766 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：中微子非标准相互作用：面对COHERENT和LHC数据

标题： Neutrino nonstandard interactions: Confronting COHERENT and LHC data

Víctor Martín Lozano, G. Sanchez Garcia, Adrián Terrones

评论： 11页，3图，发表版本

期刊参考：物理评论D 112，055017 (2025)

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

我们研究COHERENT和LHC搜索在通过在$Z'$简化模型中完成有效场论方法来测试中微子非标准相互作用（NSIs）中的互补性。我们的结果表明，LHC的限制强烈依赖于$Z'$的质量，相对较大的质量排除了COHERENT数据及其未来预期所允许的参数空间区域。我们证明了低能和高能实验的结合在简化模型的背景下能够有效打破NSI简并性。

We study the complementarity between COHERENT and LHC searches in testing neutrino nonstandard interactions (NSIs) through the completion of the effective field theory approach within a $Z'$ simplified model. Our results show that LHC bounds are strongly dependent on the $Z'$ mass, with relatively large masses excluding regions in the parameter space that are allowed by COHERENT data and its future expectations. We demonstrate that the combination of low- and high-energy experiments results in a viable approach to break NSI degeneracies within the context of simplified models.
[35] arXiv:2504.03506 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：宇宙学CP破缺产生的重子生成

标题： Baryogenesis from cosmological CP breaking

Mateusz Duch, Alessandro Strumia, Arsenii Titov

评论： 20页。v2：对衰变、等曲率和与文献的比较进行了额外讨论。即将发表于JHEP。网络研讨会演示：https://youtu.be/tCM6pyNtezM

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们证明，重子生成可以从控制CP破坏参数（如标准模型的Yukawa耦合和theta项）的标量场的宇宙学演化中产生。在大爆炸期间，这个标量可能达到一个CP破坏的最小值，其质量可以与暴胀的哈勃尺度相比较。这种动力学可以在具有自发破缺的局部U(1)对称性或模不变性的理论中出现。后者自然地作为有效场论出现，捕捉了环面弦紧化中CP破坏的几何起源。模重子生成与解决强CP问题的模方法相容。

We show that baryogenesis can arise from the cosmological evolution of a scalar field that governs CP-violating parameters, such as the Yukawa couplings and the theta terms of the Standard Model. During the big bang, this scalar may reach a CP-violating minimum, where its mass can be comparable to the inflationary Hubble scale. Such dynamics can emerge in theories featuring either a spontaneously broken local U(1) symmetry or modular invariance. The latter arises naturally as the effective field theory capturing the geometric origin of CP violation in toroidal string compactifications. Modular baryogenesis is compatible with the modular approach to resolving the strong CP problem.
[36] arXiv:2504.13135 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：探测电子-正电子对撞机上的CP破坏中性三重规范耦合

标题： Probing CP-Violating Neutral Triple Gauge Couplings at Electron-Positron Colliders

John Ellis, Hong-Jian He, Rui-Qing Xiao

评论：发表版本在《中国科学》上，被选为“编辑聚焦”

期刊参考：科学通报（物理、力学与天文学）68 (2025) 12, 121062

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex)

我们研究可以通过标准模型有效场理论（SMEFT）中的八维算符实现的CP破坏（CPV）中性三胶子耦合（nTGCs）。我们提出了一种与电弱规范对称性自发破缺相容的CPV nTGC形式因子的新表述，并展示了这些CPV形式因子如何在破缺相中与相应的八维CPV nTGC算符一致匹配。然后，我们研究了未来高能$e^+e^-$对撞机在质心系能量分别为$\sqrt{s}=(0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 5)$TeV 时对CPV nTGC的探测，证明$e^{\mp}$束流极化有助于提高对nTGC探测的灵敏度。我们估计，探测nTGCs新物理尺度的灵敏度可以从250GeV$e^+e^-$对撞机的${O}(\rm{TeV})$范围到能量为$(3-5)$TeV的$e^+e^-$对撞机的${O}(10\,\rm{TeV})$范围，而nTGC形式因子的灵敏度在从250GeV到$(3-5)$TeV的$e^+e^-$碰撞能量下可以从${O}(10^{-4})$变化到${O}(10^{-6}-10^{-8})$。

We study the CP-violating (CPV) neutral triple gauge couplings (nTGCs) that can be realized via dimension-8 operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We present a new formulation of the CPV nTGC form factors that is compatible with spontaneous breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry, and show how these CPV form factors can be matched consistently with the corresponding dimension-8 CPV nTGC operators in the broken phase. We then study probes of the CPV nTGCs at future high-energy $e^+e^-$ colliders with centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}=(0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 5)$TeV respectively, demonstrating that the $e^{\mp}$ beam polarizations can help to improve the sensitivities of probes of the nTGCs. We estimate that the sensitivity reaches for probing the new physics scales of nTGCs can range from ${O}(\rm{TeV})$ at a 250GeV $e^+e^-$ collider to ${O}(10\,\rm{TeV})$ at an $e^+e^-$ collider of energy $(3-5)$TeV, and that the sensitivities to the nTGC form factors vary from ${O}(10^{-4})$ to ${O}(10^{-6}-10^{-8})$ for the $e^+e^-$ collision energy from 250GeV to $(3-5)$TeV.
[37] arXiv:2504.17030 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：双重粲（底）重子到单个重子的半轻子衰变

标题： Semileptonic decays of doubly charmed (bottom) baryons to single heavy baryons

M. Shekari Tousi, K. Azizi

评论： 27页，11图和26表

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 高能物理 - 格点 (hep-lat)

我们研究包含双重魅力或双重底夸克的重子的半轻子衰变，重点是它们通过三点QCD求和规则框架向单个重子的跃迁。在我们的计算中，我们考虑了质量维度高达五的非微扰算符。我们计算与这些衰变相关的形式因子，强调相应幅度中的矢量和轴矢量跃迁电流。通过应用基于平方动量转移的形式因子拟合函数，我们推导出其可能轻子通道中的衰变宽度和分支比的预测。这些发现为探索双重魅力或底重子的半轻子衰变的实验学家提供了有价值的见解。也许它们可以在即将到来的实验如LHCb中得到验证。这些研究有助于更深入地理解这些重子通道中的衰变机制。

We investigate the semileptonic decays of baryons containing double charm or double bottom quarks, focusing on their transitions to single heavy baryons through three-point QCD sum rule framework. In our calculations, we take into account nonperturbative operators with mass dimensions up to five. We calculate the form factors associated with these decays, emphasizing the vector and axial-vector transition currents in the corresponding amplitude. By applying fitting functions for the form factors based on the squared momentum transfer, we derive predictions for decay widths and branching ratios in their possible lepton channels. These findings offer valuable insights for experimentalists exploring semileptonic decays of doubly charm or bottom baryons. Perhaps they can be validated in upcoming experiments like LHCb. These investigations contribute to a deeper understanding of the decay mechanisms in these baryonic channels.
[38] arXiv:2505.06116 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：手性相互作用，手性态和“手性中微子振荡”

标题： Chiral interactions, chiral states and "chiral neutrino oscillations"

A. Yu. Smirnov

评论： 22页，无图表。供《核物理B刊》特刊“澄清高能物理和宇宙学中的常见误解”使用。更正了拼写错误和参考文献；第6节的讨论进行了修改；此版本与《核物理B》的发表版本一致

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

在真空中，“手性中微子振荡”，即左右手态之间的周期性转换不会发生。产生的态不同于相互作用拉格朗日量中出现的手性分量，应针对每个具体过程进行计算。产生的中微子各分量之间的相位差与时空无关。这种中微子态仅由狄拉克方程的正能解组成，因此不存在驱动手性振荡的不同螺旋态分量之间的能量分裂$2E_\nu$。从中微子传播子的角度考虑得出相同的结论。对于马约拉纳中微子和存在味混合的情况也是如此。然而，在物质中，由手性相互作用产生的中微子态可能发生振荡，其长度由物质势决定。用产生和探测幅度来描述振荡的方法已经详细阐述，这不会导致任何误解。在膨胀的宇宙中，遗迹中微子绝热地转化为左旋和右旋成分的相等数密度。

In vacuum the ``chiral neutrino oscillations'', i.e. the periodic transitions between the left- and right-handed states do not occur. The produced state differs from the chiral component that appear in the Lagrangian of interactions and should be computed for each specific process. The phase difference between components of a produced neutrino is space-time independent. This neutrino state consists of only positive energy solutions of the Dirac equation and therefore the energy splitting $2E_\nu$ between the components with different helicities that would drive the chiral oscillations does not exist. Consideration in terms of neutrino propagators leads to the same conclusion. The situation is similar for the Majorana neutrinos and in the presence of flavor mixing. However, oscillations of the neutrino states produced in the chiral interactions are possible in matter with the length determined by the matter potential. Description of oscillations in terms of amplitudes of production and detection is elaborated that does not lead to any misconception. In the expanding Universe the relic neutrinos adiabatically convert to equal number densities of the left and right handed components.
[39] arXiv:2506.04718 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：暗物质和来自手征$U(1)$规范对称性的暗辐射

标题： Dark matter and dark radiation from chiral $U(1)$ gauge symmetry

Xiao He, Takaaki Nomura, Norimi Yokozaki

评论： 17页，6图；图片已更新

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex)

我们考虑一个具有手征$U(1)$规范对称性的暗区简单模型。无反常条件要求至少有五个手征费米子。一些费米子通过希格斯场的真空期望值获得质量，由于一种意外对称性，它们是稳定的。这使它们成为暗物质候选者。如果暗区曾经与标准模型处于热平衡，并且包括暗辐射约束，则可能需要两组分暗物质，因为无质量费米子的数量受到限制。当狄拉克费米子是暗物质的主要成分时，动能混合应约为$10^{-6}$：较大的值受到直接探测限制，而较小的值会阻止热冻结。如果主要的暗物质成分是马约拉纳费米子，动能混合可以更大。尽管如此，狄拉克费米子的次级成分在未来的直接探测实验中可能会产生可探测信号。我们还讨论了在考虑宇宙学约束的情况下，在未来轻子对撞机实验中测试不可见暗光子的可能性。

We consider a simple model of a dark sector with a chiral $U(1)$ gauge symmetry. The anomaly-free condition requires at least five chiral fermions. Some of the fermions acquire masses through a vacuum expectation value of a Higgs field, and they are stable due to an accidental symmetry. This makes them dark matter candidates. If the dark sector was once in thermal equilibrium with the Standard Model and dark radiation constraints are included, two-component dark matter may be needed since the number of massless fermions is restricted. When the Dirac fermion is the main component of dark matter, the kinetic mixing should be around $10^{-6}$: a larger value is restricted by direct detection limits, while a smaller value prevents thermal freeze-out. If the main dark matter component is a Majorana fermion, the kinetic mixing can be larger. Still, a sub-component of Dirac fermion could produce a detectable signal in future direct detection experiments. We also discuss the possibility of testing an invisible dark photon at future lepton collider experiments, taking into account cosmological constraints.
[40] arXiv:2506.13555 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：反应堆和加速器CE$ν$NS数据对锗的联合分析：对标准模型和核物理的意义

标题： Joint analysis of reactor and accelerator CE$ν$NS data on germanium: implications for the Standard Model and nuclear physics

M. Atzori Corona, M. Cadeddu, N. Cargioli, G. Co', F. Dordei, C. Giunti

评论： 10页，7图。符合已发表版本

期刊参考：物理评论快报 869 (2025) 139856

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 核理论 (nucl-th)

本工作首次对所有可用的相干弹性中微子-核散射（CE$\nu$NS）数据进行了全面联合分析，这些数据是在散裂中子源（SNS）由COHERENT合作组观测到的锗数据，以及由CONUS+实验使用锗探测器在核反应堆中揭示的数据。除了COHERENT和CONUS+之外，我们还纳入了TEXONO和$\nu$GeN的反应堆数据，从而增强了研究的统计显著性和系统可靠性。我们提供了关键核物理和标准模型参数的最新确定值，包括锗核的中子均方根（rms）半径、弱混合角以及中微子电荷半径。观察到的约$2 \sigma$的COHERENT锗测量与标准模型预测之间的张力，促使我们对理论截面进行详细重新评估。特别是，我们研究了核形式因子和核半径不确定性的影响力，以及SNS中中微子通量归一化可能的系统偏移的影响。我们的结果强调了CE$\nu$NS作为精密工具的可靠性，这得到了不同实验输入互补性的支持，并为该领域的未来进展奠定了基础。

This work presents the first comprehensive joint analysis of all available Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CE$\nu$NS) data on germanium: those observed at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) by the COHERENT collaboration and those of the nuclear reactors revealed by the CONUS+ experiment using germanium detectors. In addition to COHERENT and CONUS+, we incorporate reactor data from TEXONO and $\nu$GeN, thereby enhancing both the statistical significance and the systematic reliability of our study. We provide state-of-the-art determinations of key nuclear physics and Standard Model parameters, including the neutron root-mean-square (rms) radius of germanium nuclei, the weak mixing angle, and the neutrino charge radius. The observed tension of about $2 \sigma$ between the COHERENT germanium measurement and the Standard Model prediction motivates a detailed reassessment of the theoretical cross-section. In particular, we examine the impact of nuclear form factors and uncertainties in the nuclear radius, as well as the potential influence of a systematic shift in the neutrino flux normalisation at the SNS. Our results highlight the reliability of CE$\nu$NS as a precision tool, reinforced by the complementarity of different experimental inputs, and lay the groundwork for future advances in the field.
[41] arXiv:2506.15151 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：映射银河系内超新星中微子增强暗物质的演化

标题： Mapping the evolution of supernova-neutrino-boosted dark matter within the Milky Way

Yen-Hsun Lin, Meng-Ru Wu

评论： 15页，15图，1表和144参考文献，与已发表版本一致

期刊参考：物理评论D 112，083001（2025）

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE)

超新星中微子增强的暗物质（SN$\nu$ BDM）已成为探测亚吉电子伏特暗物质的一个有前景的通道。在本工作中，我们研究了过去十万年间来自银河系（MW）核心坍缩超新星的BDM特征行为，考察其时间演化和当前空间分布。我们表明，虽然MW BDM在非相对论情况下近似为弥散的，但当BDM为相对论时，它表现出显著的时间变化和空间局域化。重要的是，我们将这些本地MW特征与之前提出的弥散SN$\nu$ BDM（DBDM）进行了比较，DBDM来源于宇宙中所有过去超新星的累积通量[Y.-H. Lin和M.-R. Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 111004 (2024)]。在非相对论极限下，DBDM始终超过本地弥散的MW BDM特征。只有当MW BDM变为极端相对论并过渡为瞬态、高度局域化的信号时，它才有可能超越DBDM背景。因此，这项工作强化了DBDM在SN$\nu$ BDM搜索中的重要性，直到下一次银河系超新星出现带来新的机会。

Supernova-neutrino-boosted dark matter (SN$\nu$ BDM) has emerged as a promising portal for probing sub-GeV dark matter. In this work, we investigate the behavior of BDM signatures originating from core-collapse supernovae within the Milky Way (MW) over the past one hundred thousand years, examining both their temporal evolution and present-day spatial distributions. We show that while the MW BDM signature is approximately diffuse in the nonrelativistic regime, it exhibits significant temporal variation and spatial localization when the BDM is relativistic. Importantly, we compare these local MW signatures with the previously proposed diffuse SN$\nu$ BDM (DBDM), which arises from the accumulated flux of all past supernovae in the Universe [Y.-H. Lin and M.-R. Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 111004 (2024)]. In the nonrelativistic limit, DBDM consistently dominates over the local diffuse MW BDM signature. Only when the MW BDM becomes ultrarelativistic and transitions into a transient, highly-localized signal can it potentially surpass the DBDM background. This work thus reinforces the importance of DBDM for SN$\nu$ BDM searches until the next galactic SN offers new opportunities.
[42] arXiv:2507.02048 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：在普通$L_μ$-$L_τ$模型中实现热暗物质

标题： Enabling Thermal Dark Matter within the Vanilla $L_μ$-$L_τ$ Model

Nicolás Bernal, Jacinto P. Neto, Javier Silva-Malpartida, Farinaldo S. Queiroz

评论： 9（正文）+ 9（附录和参考文献）页；9图；版本已被《物理评论D》接受发表

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

热暗物质是一种引人注目的设置，已被多种实验探测，主要在GeV-TeV质量范围内。亚GeV范围内的热范式即将通过下一代低能加速器和轻暗物质探测器经历相同的实验测试。受此启发，我们研究了$L_\mu-L_\tau$的热暗物质，并评估了引入物质主导时期的参数对产生正确残留密度的影响。有趣的是，我们表明，如MuSIC、FCC-ee和LDMX等预期实验将探测产生正确残留密度的可行参数空间的大部分区域。在GeV-TeV质量范围内，通常的大规模探测器提升了灵敏度。我们的工作突显了早期宇宙动力学、暗物质现象学以及下一代实验的发现潜力之间的丰富相互作用。

Thermal dark matter is a compelling setup that has been probed by a multitude of experiments, mostly in the GeV-TeV mass range. The thermal paradigm in the sub-GeV range is about to experience the same experimental test with the next generation of low-energy accelerators and light dark matter detectors. Motivated by this, we investigate thermal dark matter in the $L_\mu-L_\tau$ and assess how the introduction of a matter-dominated era impacts the parameter that yields the correct relic density. Interestingly, we show that the projected experiments, such as MuSIC, FCC-ee, and LDMX, will probe a large region of the viable parameter space that yields the correct relic density. In the GeV-TeV mass regime, the usual large-scale detectors push the sensitivity. Our work highlights the rich interplay between early-universe dynamics, dark matter phenomenology, and the discovery potential of next-generation experiments.
[43] arXiv:2507.02219 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：受ACT启发的凯勒基暴胀吸引子

标题： ACT-Inspired Kaehler-Based Inflationary Attractors

C. Pallis

评论：已发布版本

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们开发了一类新的宇宙学吸引子，这些吸引子与最近的ACT结果相容。它们基于两种类型的分数Kähler势K，对于一个规范单态暴胀场φ，在暴胀路径上会简化为形式N/(1-φ^qM)^p，其中qM=1, 2和0.1< p<10。将这些K与非线性σ模型中的混沌势φ^n（其中n=2, 4）结合，会导致与当前数据一致且在很大程度上与qM和n无关的暴胀观测值。通过赋予这些K一个平移对称性，我们还提供了我们的模型的超引力实现，引入了两个全纯超场和一个关于伴随暴胀场的线性单项超势。以普朗克以下的暴胀场值实现暴胀以及张量-标量比的较大值（随着N增加而增加）是本提案的另外两个吸引人的特点。

We develop a new class of cosmological attractors which are compatible with the recent ACT results. They are based on two types of fractional Kaehler potentials, K, for a gauge-singlet inflaton phi which reduce, along the inflationary path, to the form N/(1-phi^qM)^p with qM=1, 2 and 0.1< p<10. The combination of these K's with the chaotic potentials phi^n (where n=2, 4) within a non-linear sigma model leads to inflationary observables which are consistent with the current data and largely independent from qM and n. Endowing these K's with a shift symmetry we also offer a supergravity realization of our models introducing two chiral superfields and a monomial superpotential, linear with respect to the inflaton-accompanying field. The attainment of inflation with subplanckian inflaton values and the large values for the tensor-to-scalar ratio, which increases with N, are two additional attractive features of our proposal.
[44] arXiv:2507.18536 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题： charm介子$3S$-$2D$混合对charm介子$ψ(4040)$和$ψ(4160)$是否强烈？

标题： Is the $3S$-$2D$ mixing strong for the charmonia $ψ(4040)$ and $ψ(4160)$?

Zi-Long Man, Si-Qiang Luo, Xiang Liu

评论： 7页，4表，1图，被《物理评论D》接受

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex)

在本工作中，我们重新审视介子$3S$-$2D$的混合方案以及介子$\psi(4040)$和$\psi(4160)$。我们引入一种耦合通道机制——不同于势模型中的张量力贡献，单独的张量力不足以引起显著的混合——以描述这些状态之间的混合。我们的分析得出混合角为$\theta_1=7^\circ$和$\theta_2=10^\circ$，这与从实验数据推断出的较大角度不一致，例如$\psi(4040)$和$\psi(4160)$的双电子宽度。我们讨论了这种差异的可能原因，并强调了未来实验解决这一问题的必要性。通过包括和排除过程对共振参数和双电子衰变宽度进行精确测量，将在澄清这一问题上起关键作用。

In this work, we revisit the $3S$-$2D$ mixing scheme for the charmonia $\psi(4040)$ and $\psi(4160)$. We introduce a coupled-channel mechanism-distinct from the tensor-force contribution in potential models, which alone is insufficient to induce significant mixing-to describe the mixing between these states. Our analysis yields mixing angles of $\theta_1=7^\circ$ and $\theta_2=10^\circ$, inconsistent with the larger angle inferred from experimental data, such as the di-lectronic widths of the $\psi(4040)$ and $\psi(4160)$. We discuss possible origins of this discrepancy and emphasize the need for future experiments to resolve it. Precise measurements of the resonance parameters and di-lectronic decay widths, via both inclusive and exclusive processes, will be crucial in clarifying this issue.
[45] arXiv:2509.08048 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：预测生成放大

标题： Forecasting Generative Amplification

Henning Bahl, Sascha Diefenbacher, Nina Elmer, Tilman Plehn, Jonas Spinner

评论： 23页，15图。v2：添加了到github仓库的链接，扩展了致谢部分

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 机器学习 (cs.LG)

生成网络是增强LHC模拟速度和精度的完美工具。理解它们的统计精度非常重要，尤其是在生成超出训练数据集大小的事件时。我们提出了两种互补的方法，在不需要大量保留数据集的情况下估计放大因子。平均放大使用贝叶斯网络或集成方法，从给定相空间体积积分的精度中估计放大因子。微分放大使用假设检验来量化放大因子，而不会有任何分辨率损失。应用于最先进的事件生成器，这两种方法表明在相空间的特定区域可以实现放大，但尚未在整个分布中实现。

Generative networks are perfect tools to enhance the speed and precision of LHC simulations. It is important to understand their statistical precision, especially when generating events beyond the size of the training dataset. We present two complementary methods to estimate the amplification factor without large holdout datasets. Averaging amplification uses Bayesian networks or ensembling to estimate amplification from the precision of integrals over given phase-space volumes. Differential amplification uses hypothesis testing to quantify amplification without any resolution loss. Applied to state-of-the-art event generators, both methods indicate that amplification is possible in specific regions of phase space, but not yet across the entire distribution.
[46] arXiv:2509.20115 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：没有690 GeV共振态

标题： There is no 690 GeV resonance

James M. Cline

评论： 4页，1图。对arXiv:2509.06479, arXiv:2501.03708, arXiv:2404.03711, arXiv:2308.01429, arXiv:2402.12421, arXiv:2209.06858, arXiv:2208.00920, arXiv:2111.08962, arXiv:2106.06543, arXiv:2007.10837, arXiv:2006.15378, arXiv:1912.00849, arXiv:0710.0458, arXiv:hep-th/0609101等的评论。v2：对回复的回应

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

在一系列从1991年开始的$\sim 30$论文中，曾声称希格斯场应该比现在测得的值更重。为了使这一观点与现实相符，修改为断言希格斯场描述了两个物理自由度，其中一个对应于一个质量为690 GeV的第二个希格斯粒子。在这里，我总结这些断言缺乏理论和实验证据。

In a series of $\sim 30$ papers starting in 1991, it has been claimed that the Higgs field should be heavier than its now-measured value. To reconcile this idea with reality, it was modified to the assertion that the Higgs field describes two physical degrees of freedom, one of which corresponds to a second Higgs particle with mass 690 GeV. Here I summarize the lack of theoretical and experimental evidence for these claims.
[47] arXiv:2509.26069 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：使用简化矩阵元素技术的高效tau对不变质量重建

标题： Efficient tau-pair invariant mass reconstruction with simplified matrix element techniques

Artur Kalinowski, Wiktor Matyszkiewicz

评论：提交至《核仪器与物理研究方法A刊》

主题：高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex)

二{\tau }系统的不变质量重建质量对于二{\tau }共振态的搜索和分析至关重要。由于最终态中存在中微子，无法在强子对撞机上直接计算{\tau } {\tau } 不变质量，因为在这些对撞机上无法应用纵向动量和约束。已经采用了许多方法来缓解这个问题。最通用的方法是使用矩阵元（ME）积分进行似然估计，然后将不变质量重建为使似然最大化的值。然而，由于需要对衰减产物的相空间进行积分，此方法的计算成本很高。我们提出了一种算法，将计算成本降低两个数量级，同时保持不变质量重建的分辨率与基于ME的方法相当。此外，我们引入了额外的特征来估计重建质量的不确定性以及初始{\tau }轻子（例如它们的动量）的动力学特性。

The quality of the invariant mass reconstruction of the di-{\tau} system is crucial for searches and analyses of di-{\tau} resonances. Due to the presence of neutrinos in the final state, the {\tau} {\tau} invariant mass cannot be calculated directly at hadron colliders, where the longitudinal momentum sum constraint cannot be applied. A number of approaches have been adopted to mitigate this issue. The most general one uses Matrix Element (ME) integration for likelihood estimation, followed by invariant mass reconstruction as the value maximizing the likelihood. However, this method has a significant computational cost due to the need for integration over the phase space of the decay products. We propose an algorithm that reduces the computational cost by two orders of magnitude, while maintaining the resolution of the invariant mass reconstruction at a level comparable to the ME-based method. Moreover, we introduce additional features to estimate the uncertainty of the reconstructed mass and the kinematics of the initial {\tau} leptons (e.g., their momenta).
[48] arXiv:2307.01589 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：弦理论启发的QED非局部扩展中的异常

标题： Anomalies in String-inspired Non-local Extensions of QED

Fayez Abu-Ajamieh, Pratik Chattopadhyay, Anish Ghoshal, Nobuchika Okada

评论： 19页，1图，与发表在PRD中的版本一致

主题：高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

我们研究了非局部场论类中的异常，这些理论被提出作为四维量子场论(QFT)的紫外线完成，通过将动能算子推广到由弦场论和无鬼非局部量子引力方法启发的高阶导数无限级数。我们显式计算了受弦启发的QED非局部扩展中的矢量和手征异常。我们证明了矢量异常由于规范不变性和Ward恒等式的要求而消失。另一方面，尽管在无质量费米子的情况下手征异常在领先阶消失，但它在有质量费米子的情况下并不消失，我们计算了其在非局部尺度下的领先阶结果。我们还显式计算了非局部矢量和轴向电流，并通过将我们的结果应用于 \pi _0 \rightarrow \gamma \gamma 的衰变来展示一个示例。

We investigate anomalies in the class of non-local field theories that have been proposed as an ultraviolet completion of 4-D Quantum Field Theory (QFT) with generalizing the kinetic energy operators to an infinite series of higher derivatives inspired by string field theory and ghost-free non-local approaches to quantum gravity. We explicitly calculate the vector and chiral anomalies in a string-inspired non-local extension of QED. We show that the vector anomaly vanishes as required by gauge-invariance and the Ward identity. On the other hand, although the chiral anomaly vanishes to the leading order with massless fermions, it nonetheless does not vanish with the massive fermions and we calculate it to the leading order in scale of non-locality. We also calculate the non-local vector and axial currents explicitly, and present an illustrative example by applying our results to the decay of \pi_0 \rightarrow \gamma\gamma.
[49] arXiv:2404.09780 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题： $^{16}$O与$^{16}$O碰撞在顶级RHIC能量下的核团结构效应

标题： Nuclear cluster structure effect in $^{16}$O+$^{16}$O collisions at the top RHIC energy

Xin-Li Zhao, You Zhou, Zi-Wei Lin, Chao Zhang, Guo-Liang Ma

评论：已采用改进的AMPT-SM模型，详细内容见新的附录

主题：核理论 (nucl-th) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

使用改进的AMPT-SM模型，我们研究了$^{16}$O的核几何结构对在$\sqrt{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=200$GeV下O+O碰撞中各向异性流的影响。为了评估核结构和势α团簇的影响，我们实现了四种候选配置：Woods-Saxon、四面体、正方形和NLEFT。初始状态的几何结构通过偏心率累积比$\varepsilon_{2}\{4\}/\varepsilon_{2}\{2\}$来量化，该比值提供了一个稳健且与演化无关的测量方法，对配置差异敏感。模型在低$p_{\mathrm{T}}$时再现$v_{2}(p_{\mathrm{T}})$，并在整个$p_{\mathrm{T}}$范围内再现$v_{3}(p_{\mathrm{T}})$，积分$v_{2}\{2\}$和$v_{3}\{2\}$与 STAR 数据匹配，证明输运动力学捕捉了这一中等尺寸系统中的基本集体性。这些发现建立了一个基准，以便在统一的输运模型框架内将 O+O 碰撞中的核结构研究扩展到其他能量和微分可观测量。

Using the improved AMPT-SM model, we investigated the impact of nuclear geometry of $^{16}$O on anisotropic flows in O+O collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}=200$ GeV. To evaluate the influence of nuclear structure and potential alpha clustering, we implemented four candidate configurations: Woods-Saxon, tetrahedron, square, and NLEFT. Initial-state geometry is quantified via the eccentricity cumulant ratio $\varepsilon_{2}\{4\}/\varepsilon_{2}\{2\}$, which provides a robust and evolution-independent measure sensitive to configuration differences. The model reproduces $v_{2}(p_{\mathrm{T}})$ at low $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ and $v_{3}(p_{\mathrm{T}})$ across the full $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ range, with integrated $v_{2}\{2\}$ and $v_{3}\{2\}$ matching the STAR data, demonstrating that transport dynamics captures the essential collectivity in this intermediate-size system. These findings establish a baseline for extending nuclear-structure studies in O+O collisions to other energies and differential observables within a unified transport model framework.
[50] arXiv:2410.02663 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：自引力标量场基态的三个阶段

标题： The three phases of self-gravitating scalar field ground states

Anthony E. Mirasola, Nathan Musoke, Mark C. Neyrinck, Chanda Prescod-Weinstein, J. Luna Zagorac

评论：提交至JCAP的较长版本

主题：宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

通常假设标量场暗物质晕的中心会包含孤子核心——即球对称的基态构型。这在超轻暗物质（ULDM）的情况下尤其有趣，因为孤子的尺寸大约与星系相当。在本工作中，我们表明，在多个相互作用的标量场场景中，每个晕中心嵌入球对称孤子的范式并不普遍有效。特别是，足够强的排斥性物种间相互作用会使场不相容。在这样的模型中，基态构型可以进入多种不同的相，这些相取决于场的相对密度、质量以及相互作用强度。这提出了ULDM晕的内部区域可能比之前认为的更加复杂和多样。

It is generally assumed that scalar field dark matter halos would contain solitonic cores -- spherically symmetric ground state configurations -- at their centers. This is especially interesting in the case of ultralight dark matter (ULDM), where the solitons sizes are on the order of galaxies. In this work, we show that the paradigm of a spherically symmetric soliton embedded in the center of each halo is not universally valid in a scenario with multiple interacting scalar fields. In particular, sufficiently strong repulsive interspecies interactions make the fields immiscible. In such models, the ground state configuration can fall into a number of different phases that depend on the fields' relative densities, masses, and interaction strengths. This raises the possibility that the inner regions of ULDM halos are more complex and diverse than previously assumed.
[51] arXiv:2502.15617 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题： QCD中多行列式的出现

标题： Emergence of the polydeterminant in QCD

Francesco Giacosa, Michał Zakrzewski, Shahriyar Jafarzade, Robert D. Pisarski

评论： 18页，1图。已接受发表于《数学物理通讯》

主题：数学物理 (math-ph) ; 高能物理 - 格点 (hep-lat) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

一个行列式的推广出现在粒子物理中的有效拉格朗日相互作用项中，这些项用于模拟量子色动力学中的手征异常（PRD 97 (2018) 9, 091901 PRD 109 (2024) 7, L071502），特别是在与介子的联系中。这个\textit{多行列式函数}，在数学文献中被称为混合判别式，将$N$个不同的$N\times N$个复数矩阵关联为一个复数，并且当所有矩阵取为相等时退化为普通的行列式。在这里，我们通过使用接近高能物理方法的形式和语言，探讨了多行列式应用于（量子）场的主要性质。我们讨论了它作为书写新型手征异常拉格朗日项的工具的用途，并给出了一个介子的显式示例模型。最后，展示了多行列式作为张量函数的扩展。

A generalization of the determinant appears in particle physics in effective Lagrangian interaction terms that model the chiral anomaly in Quantum Chromodynamics (PRD 97 (2018) 9, 091901 PRD 109 (2024) 7, L071502), in particular in connection to mesons. This \textit{polydeterminant function}, known in the mathematical literature as a mixed discriminant, associates $N$ distinct $N\times N$ complex matrices into a complex number and reduces to the usual determinant when all matrices are taken as equal. Here, we explore the main properties of the polydeterminant applied to (quantum) fields by using a formalism and a language close to high-energy physics approaches. We discuss its use as a tool to write down novel chiral anomalous Lagrangian terms and present an explicit illustrative model for mesons. Finally, the extension of the polydeterminant as a function of tensors is shown.
[52] arXiv:2503.16606 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：寻找KM3-230213A中微子源的伽马射线级联

标题： Looking for the γ-Ray Cascades of the KM3-230213A Neutrino Source

Milena Crnogorčević, Carlos Blanco, Tim Linden

评论： 14页（不包括参考文献），7张图。已被JCAP接收

主题：高能天体物理现象 (astro-ph.HE) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

KM3-230213A事件的极端能量可能会改变我们对宇宙中最高能源的理解。然而，它也揭示了KM3NeT探测与IceCube对超高能中微子通量的强约束之间的不一致性。对于KM3NeT和IceCube数据最一致的解释要求KM3-230213A由一个（可能短暂的）源产生，该源偶然位于KM3NeT接受度最大的区域。在超高能中微子产生的强子模型中，这样的源也会产生明亮的{\gamma }-射线信号，由于与星系际背景光的相互作用，该信号会级联到GeV-TeV能量。我们利用{\gamma }-Cascade包来模拟此类源的谱、空间扩展和时间延迟，并扫描KM3NeT事件周围的区域以寻找一致的{\gamma }-射线信号。我们没有发现可证实的类似\textit{费米}-LAT源的证据，并对源红移和源与地球之间的星系际磁场强度的组合进行了限制。

The extreme energy of the KM3-230213A event could transform our understanding of the most energetic sources in the Universe. However, it also reveals an inconsistency between the KM3NeT detection and strong IceCube constraints on the ultra-high energy neutrino flux. The most congruous explanation for the KM3NeT and IceCube data requires KM3-230213A to be produced by a (potentially transient) source fortuitously located in a region where the KM3NeT acceptance is maximized. In hadronic models of ultra-high-energy neutrino production, such a source would also produce a bright {\gamma}-ray signal, which would cascade to GeV--TeV energies due to interactions with extragalactic background light. We utilize the {\gamma}-Cascade package to model the spectrum, spatial extension, and time-delay of such a source, and scan a region surrounding the KM3NeT event to search for a consistent {\gamma}-ray signal. We find no convincing evidence for a comparable \textit{Fermi}-LAT source and place constraints on a combination of the source redshift and the intergalactic magnetic field strength between the source and Earth.
[53] arXiv:2503.22498 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：可学习的切割流用于高能物理

标题： Learnable cut flow for high energy physics

Jing Li, Hao Sun

评论： 31页，26图，8表，源代码和数据可在GitHub上获得

主题：机器学习 (cs.LG) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

神经网络已成为高能物理任务中的强大范式，但其不透明的训练过程使其成为一个黑箱。相比之下，传统的截断流程方法具有简单性和可解释性，但需要大量的手动调整来确定最佳截断边界。为了结合两种方法的优势，我们提出了可学习的截断流程（LCF），这是一种将传统截断选择转化为完全可微、数据驱动过程的神经网络。 LCF实现了两种截断策略——并行策略，其中可观测分布被独立处理，以及顺序策略，其中之前的截断影响后续的截断，以灵活地确定最佳边界。基于这一策略，我们引入了可学习的重要性，这是一种量化特征重要性并相应调整其对损失的贡献的指标，提供了不同于临时指标的模型驱动见解。为确保可微性，修改后的损失函数用掩码操作代替硬截断，从而在整个训练过程中保持数据形状。 LCF在六个不同的模拟数据集和一个真实的二玻色子与QCD数据集上进行了测试。结果表明，LCF 1. 在并行和顺序策略中都能准确学习典型特征分布的截断边界，2. 对重叠较少的区分性特征赋予更高的重要性，3. 能够稳健地处理冗余或相关特征，4. 在现实场景中表现有效。在二玻色子数据集中，当使用所有可观测值时，LCF最初的表现不如提升决策树和多层感知器。 LCF弥合了传统截断流程方法与现代黑箱神经网络之间的差距，提供了关于训练过程和特征重要性的可操作见解。源代码和实验数据可在 https://github.com/Star9daisy/learnable-cut-flow 获取。

Neural networks have emerged as a powerful paradigm for tasks in high energy physics, yet their opaque training process renders them as a black box. In contrast, the traditional cut flow method offers simplicity and interpretability but requires extensive manual tuning to identify optimal cut boundaries. To merge the strengths of both approaches, we propose the Learnable Cut Flow (LCF), a neural network that transforms the traditional cut selection into a fully differentiable, data-driven process. LCF implements two cut strategies-parallel, where observable distributions are treated independently, and sequential, where prior cuts shape subsequent ones-to flexibly determine optimal boundaries. Building on this strategy, we introduce the Learnable Importance, a metric that quantifies feature importance and adjusts their contributions to the loss accordingly, offering model-driven insights unlike ad-hoc metrics. To ensure differentiability, a modified loss function replaces hard cuts with mask operations, preserving data shape throughout the training process. LCF is tested on six varied mock datasets and a realistic diboson vs. QCD dataset. Results demonstrate that LCF 1. accurately learns cut boundaries across typical feature distributions in both parallel and sequential strategies, 2. assigns higher importance to discriminative features with minimal overlap, 3. handles redundant or correlated features robustly, and 4. performs effectively in real-world scenarios. In the diboson dataset, LCF initially underperforms boosted decision trees and multiplayer perceptrons when using all observables. LCF bridges the gap between traditional cut flow method and modern black-box neural networks, delivering actionable insights into the training process and feature importance. Source code and experimental data are available at https://github.com/Star9daisy/learnable-cut-flow.
[54] arXiv:2504.12105 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：脉冲星计时阵列的催化相变解释是否与小行星质量的PBHDM相容？

标题： Can asteroid-mass PBHDM be compatible with catalyzed phase transition interpretation of PTA?

Jiahang Zhong, Chao Chen, Yi-Fu Cai

评论： 27页，7图；欢迎提出意见

主题：宇宙学与非星系天体物理学 (astro-ph.CO) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

原初黑洞（PBHs）可以在其附近催化一阶相变（FOPTs），可能改变相变的引力波（GW）信号。在本研究中，我们研究了由PBH催化的一阶相变产生的GW。我们考虑高PBH数密度，对应于当FOPTs的GW在纳赫兹频段达到峰值时的小行星质量PBH暗物质（DM）。我们从气泡碰撞GW和标量诱导的引力波（SIGWs）两个方面计算了PBH催化的一阶相变GW。我们发现，虽然低PBH数密度由于大气泡的形成而增强GW信号，但高PBH数密度会抑制这些信号，因为相变加速进行得太快。这种抑制使得信号无法解释脉冲星计时阵列（PTA）的观测结果。通过使用NANOGrav 15年数据集进行数据拟合，我们发现PBH催化效应显著改变了相变参数的估计。值得注意的是，我们的气泡碰撞GW分析表明，作为整体暗物质的小行星质量PBH（$10^{-16} - 10^{-12} M_\odot$）与脉冲星计时阵列信号的相变解释不兼容。然而，结合SIGWs可以减少质量范围为$10^{-14} - 10^{-12} M_\odot$的PBH的这种不兼容性。

Primordial black holes (PBHs) can catalyze first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) in their vicinity, potentially modifying the gravitational wave (GW) signals from PTs. In this study, we investigate the GWs from strong PTs catalyzed by PBHs. We consider high PBH number densities, corresponding to asteroid-mass PBH dark matter (DM) when the GWs from FOPTs peak in the nanohertz band. We calculate the PBH-catalyzed FOPT GWs from both bubble collision GWs and scaler-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs). We find that while low PBH number densities amplify the GW signals due to the formation of large bubbles, high PBH number densities suppress them, as the accelerated phase transition proceeds too rapidly. This suppression renders the signals unable to explain pulsar timing array (PTA) observations. By conducting data fitting with the NANOGrav 15-year dataset, we find that the PBH catalytic effect significantly alters the estimation of PT parameters. Notably, our analysis of the bubble collision GWs reveals that, the asteroid-mass PBHs ($10^{-16} - 10^{-12} M_\odot$) as the whole dark matter is incompatible with the PT interpretation of pulsar timing array signals. However, incorporating SIGWs can reduce this incompatibility for PBHs in the mass range $10^{-14} - 10^{-12} M_\odot$.
[55] arXiv:2506.05849 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：相对论碰撞中独特核结构的费米洛斯特征

标题： Femtoscopic signatures of unique nuclear structures in relativistic collisions

Daniel Kincses

评论： 8页，5图

主题：核理论 (nucl-th) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

当今高能核物理中最关键的研究课题之一是碰撞核的核结构研究。在相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）和大型强子对撞机（LHC）上的最新研究显示，诸如产生的粒子集体流和横向动量相关性等可观测量可以对各种核结构和形变参数敏感。飞秒显微技术，另一种用于研究核碰撞中产生物质时空几何结构的重要工具，尚未被广泛应用于此类研究。在本文中，使用多相输运模型（AMPT），证明了介子对的飞秒显微源参数也可以作为独特核结构的稳健信号。通过对 $^{208}$Pb+$^{20}$Ne 和 $^{208}$Pb+$^{16}$O 碰撞在 $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 68.5 GeV 下的分析，两个与LHCb实验的SMOG2计划特别相关的碰撞系统，结果表明，变形的初始形状可以显著影响飞秒显微源参数。这项研究强调了将核结构研究扩展到飞秒显微可观测量的重要性，并为此新方向的众多可能未来研究提供了一个基准。

One of the most vital topics of today's high-energy nuclear physics is the investigation of the nuclear structure of the collided nuclei. Recent studies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have shown that several observables, such as the collective flow and transverse-momentum correlations of the produced particles, can be sensitive to various nuclear structure and deformation parameters. Femtoscopy, another essential tool for investigating the space-time geometry of the matter created in nuclear collisions, has not yet been widely applied to such studies. Using a multiphase transport model (AMPT), in this Letter, it is demonstrated that the femtoscopic source parameters of pion pairs can also serve as a robust signal of unique nuclear structure. Through an analysis of $^{208}$Pb+$^{20}$Ne and $^{208}$Pb+$^{16}$O collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 68.5 GeV, two collision systems especially relevant to the SMOG2 program of the LHCb experiment, it is shown that a deformed initial shape can significantly affect femtoscopic source parameters. This study highlights the importance of expanding the nuclear structure investigations to femtoscopic observables and serves as a baseline for numerous possible future studies in this new direction.
[56] arXiv:2506.13944 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题： RHIC BES能量下综合流体力学模型中的粒子谱

标题： Particle Spectra in the Integrated HydroKinetic Model at RHIC BES Energies

Narendra Rathod, Yuri Sinyukov, Musfer Adzhymambetov, Hanna Zbroszczyk

评论： 11页，5图

主题：核理论 (nucl-th) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

我们使用扩展的集成流体力学模型（iHKMe）研究在$\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7-39$ GeV 下金-金碰撞中的轻强子产生。聚焦于横向动量谱，我们研究了对关键模型参数的敏感性，特别是热化时间尺度。我们考虑两种不同的状态方程：一种具有交叉相变，另一种具有第一阶相变。在两种情况下，热化在完全核重叠之前不久开始，并且在所有能量下持续约 1~fm/$c$。一旦其他参数稍作调整，两种状态方程都能同样好地描述软粒子动量谱。最显著的差异出现在 RHIC BES 能量较低的$\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7$ GeV 处，特别是在质子和K介子产率方面，这反映了它们对冻结参数的敏感性。

We study light-hadron production in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7-39$ GeV using an extended Integrated HydroKinetic Model (iHKMe). Focusing on transverse momentum spectra, we investigate the sensitivity to key model parameters, in particular the thermalization time scale. We consider two distinct equations of state: one featuring a crossover and the other a first-order phase transition. In both cases, thermalization begins shortly before full nuclear overlap and lasts approximately 1~fm/$c$ across all energies. Both equations of state provide a similarly good description of the soft particle momentum spectra once the other parameters are slightly adjusted. The most pronounced differences arise at the lower RHIC BES energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7$ GeV, particularly in proton and kaon yields, reflecting their sensitivity to the freeze-out parameters.
[57] arXiv:2508.11833 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]: 标题： LDMX -- 轻暗物质实验

标题： LDMX -- The Light Dark Matter eXperiment

Torsten Akesson (1), Layan Alsaraya (2), Stephen Appert (3), Charles Bell (4), Elizabeth Berzin (2), Nikita Blinov (5), Léo Borrel (3), Cameron Bravo (6), Liam Brennan (7), Lene Kristian Bryngemark (1), Pierfrancesco Butti (6), Riccardo Catena (1), Anthony Chavez (7), Owen Colegrove (7), Giulia Collura (7), Patill Daghlian (3), Filippo Delzanno (7), E. Craig Dukes (8), Valentina Dutta (9), Bertrand Echenard (3), Ralf Ehrlich (8), Thomas Eichlersmith (10), Jonathan Eisch (5), Einar Elén (1), Eric Fernandez (8), Erich Frahm (10), Cooper Froemming (10), Andrew P. Furmanski (10), Gréta Gajdán (1), Majd Ghrear (2), Niramay Gogate (11), Victor Gomez (3), Matt Graham (6), Taylor Gray (1), Josh Greaves (8), Chiara Grieco (7), Craig Group (8), Peter György (1), Carsten Hast (6), Axel Helgstrand (1), Hannah Herde (1), Christian Herwig (4), David G. Hitlin (3), Tyler Horoho (8), Cameron Huse (7), Joseph R. Incandela (7), David Jang (7), Nathan Jay (3), Asahi Jige (7), Joseph Kaminski (5), Wesley Ketchum (5), Matthew Kilpatrick (7), Kai Kristiansen (7), Gordan Krnjaic (5), Susanne Kyre (7), Travis Lange (6), Juan Lazaro (7), Amina Li (7), Shirley Li (5), Shujin Li (9), Yuze Li (7), Ziqi Lin (7), Hongyin Liu (7), Megan Loh (2), Lisa Andersson Loman (1), Zihan Ma (7), Jeremiah Mans (10), Sanjit Masanam (7), Phillip Masterson (7), Steven Metallo (10), Sophie Middleton (3), Noah Moran (3), Omar Moreno (6), Geoffrey Mullier (1), Joseph Muse (10), Akshay Nagar (7), Timothy Nelson (6), Gavin Niendorf (7), Rory O'Dwyer (2), William Ortez (7), Lennart Österman (1), Leo Östman (1), James Oyang (3), Pritam Palit (9), Dhruvanshu Parmar (11), Jessica Pascadlo (6), Emrys Peets (6), Arnaud Pele (3), Ruth Pöttgen (1), Huilin Qu (7), Melissa Quinnan (7), Jaida Raffelsberger (1), Benjamin Reese (6), Chelsea Rodriguez (10), Eduardo Sanchez (3), Luis G. Sarmiento (1), Philip Schuster (6), Chris Sellgren (7), Harrison Siegel (7), Pradyun Solai

评论： Layan Alsaraya 通过旧金山州立大学与斯坦福大学有关联。Riccardo Catena 通过查默斯技术大学与隆德大学有关联。Gordan Krnjaic 还与芝加哥大学和卡弗里宇宙学物理研究所有关联。Guanglei Zhao 通过里德学院与加州理工学院有关联。得克萨斯技术大学已不再是LDMX合作组的成员。

主题：高能物理 - 实验 (hep-ex) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

寻找亚吉电子暗物质的实验（LDMX）是一项电子固定靶实验，旨在通过缺失动量信号搜索亚吉电子暗物质的产生。 LDMX计划在SLAC的终端站A运行，使用与LCLS-II驱动束流一同加速的8 GeV电子束。该设备的设计深受高率缺失动量搜索性能要求的推动，并利用了其他实验的探测器技术和设计以及SLAC现有的设施。 LDMX将使之前的结果提高多达三个数量级，从而能够广泛地探测暗区场景，包括由MeV-GeV质量暗物质的冻结产生到观测到的残留丰度所激发的暗物质相互作用强度。凭借完整的前向覆盖，LDMX还对暗区的可见信号具有敏感性，并提供了对解释基于加速器的中微子实验数据重要的电子-核相互作用的独特探测。本报告涵盖了LDMX探测器的技术设计、其模拟性能以及实验的物理能力。

The Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LDMX) is an electron fixed-target experiment optimized to search for sub-GeV dark matter production through the missing momentum signature. LDMX is designed to operate in End Station A at SLAC, using an 8 GeV electron beam accelerated alongside the LCLS-II drive beam. The design of the apparatus is strongly motivated by the performance requirements of a high-rate missing momentum search and leverages detector technologies and designs from other experiments along with existing facilities at SLAC. LDMX will improve on previous results by up to three orders of magnitude, enabling broad sensitivity to dark sector scenarios including the dark matter interaction strengths motivated by freeze-out of MeV-GeV mass dark matter to the observed relic abundance. With hermetic forward coverage, LDMX also has sensitivity to visible signatures of dark sectors and provides a unique probe of electron-nuclear interactions important to interpreting data from accelerator-based neutrino experiments. This report encompasses the technical design of the LDMX Detector, its simulated performance, and the physics capabilities of the experiment.
[58] arXiv:2509.14301 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：一种改进的Wigner函数和自旋极化公式在局部热平衡的解耦相对论流体中

标题： An improved formula for Wigner function and spin polarization in a decoupling relativistic fluid at local thermodynamic equilibrium

Xin-Li Sheng, Francesco Becattini, Daniele Roselli

评论： 14页，1图

主题：核理论 (nucl-th) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们提出了一种改进的Wigner函数和费米子在退耦时由相对论流体在局部热平衡下发射的自旋极化公式，该公式优于参考文献[1, 2]中得到的公式，并用于相对论核碰撞的数值模拟。通过使用一种新的展开方法，适用于任意几何结构的退耦超曲面，我们重现了与热涡度成比例的已知项，并得到了一个改进的自旋-剪切项，该术语捕捉了几何依赖性。新方法还包括一些额外贡献，其物理性质有待评估。新表达式自然排除了超曲面法向方向上的时空梯度贡献，为之前先验施加的等温条件提供了理论依据。此框架可以扩展到任意自旋的粒子。

We present an upgraded formula for Wigner function and spin polarization of fermions emitted by a relativistic fluid at local thermodynamic equilibrium at the decoupling which improves the one obtained in refs. [1, 2] and used in numerical simulations of relativistic nuclear collisions. By using a new expansion method, applicable to decoupling hypersurfaces with arbitrary geometry, we reproduce the known term proportional to thermal vorticity and obtain an upgraded form of the spin-shear term which captures the dependence on the geometry. The new method also includes additional contributions whose physical nature is to be assessed. The new expression also naturally excludes contributions from space-time gradients in the normal direction of the hypersurface, providing a theoretical justification for the isothermal condition previously imposed a priori. This framework can be extended to particles with arbitrary spin.
[59] arXiv:2509.21195 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]: 标题：磁场中“呼吸”涡旋电子束的辐射

标题： Radiation of "breathing" vortex electron packets in magnetic field

G. V. Zmaga, G. K. Sizykh, D. V. Grosman, Qi Meng, Liping Zou, Pengming Zhang, D. V. Karlovets

主题：量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph)

当具有轨道角动量（OAM）的涡旋电子进入磁场时，其量子态由非定态拉盖尔-高斯（NSLG）态描述，而不是由定态朗道态描述。这些NSLG态的一个关键特征是电子波包的均方根（r.m.s.）半径的振荡，类似于贝特atron振荡。从经典角度看，这种振荡的电荷分布预期会发射光子。这引发了一个关键问题：这种辐射是否会带走OAM，从而导致电子的旋度损失？为研究这一问题，我们利用从处于NSLG态的电子中得出的电荷和电流密度来求解麦克斯韦方程。我们计算了辐射总功率和发射场的角动量，量化了涡旋电子在纵向磁场中传播时能量和OAM损失的速率。我们发现辐射功率和角动量损失都可以忽略不计，表明直线加速器（linacs）似乎是在准经典近似下保持相对论涡旋电子和其他带电粒子旋度的重要工具。

When a vortex electron with an orbital angular momentum (OAM) enters a magnetic field, its quantum state is described with a nonstationary Laguerre-Gaussian (NSLG) state rather than with a stationary Landau state. A key feature of these NSLG states is oscillations of the electron wave packet's root-mean-square (r.m.s.) radius, similar to betatron oscillations. Classically, such an oscillating charge distribution is expected to emit photons. This raises a critical question: does this radiation carry away OAM, leading to a loss of the electron's vorticity? To investigate this, we solve Maxwell's equations using the charge and current densities derived from an electron in the NSLG state. We calculate the total radiated power and the angular momentum of the emitted field, quantifying the rate at which a vortex electron loses its energy and OAM while propagating in a longitudinal magnetic field. We find both the radiated power and the angular momentum losses to be negligible indicating that linear accelerators (linacs) appear to be a prominent tool for maintaining vorticity of relativistic vortex electrons and other charged particles, at least in the quasi-classical approximation.

总共 59 条目

显示最多 2000 每页条目：较少 | 更多 | 所有

高能物理 - 现象学

显示 2025年10月03日，星期五新的列表

新提交 (展示 24 之 24 条目 )

交叉提交 (展示 4 之 4 条目 )

替换提交 (展示 31 之 31 条目 )

高能物理 - 现象学

显示 2025年10月03日， 星期五 新的列表

新提交 (展示 24 之 24 条目 )

交叉提交 (展示 4 之 4 条目 )

替换提交 (展示 31 之 31 条目 )

显示 2025年10月03日，星期五新的列表