原子物理

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[1] arXiv:2510.01497 (交叉列表自 cond-mat.quant-gas) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 各向异性和非加性相互作用的里德伯杂质在量子浴中 显示英文标题

标题： Anisotropic and non-additive interactions of a Rydberg impurity in a quantum bath

Aileen A.T. Durst, Seth T. Rittenhouse, H. R. Sadeghpour, Matthew T. Eiles

主题： 量子气体 (cond-mat.quant-gas) ; 原子物理 (physics.atom-ph) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我们提出了一种处理各向异性和非加性杂质-环境相互作用的框架——这些特性在现实的量子杂质问题中很常见，但在依赖于加性、球对称赝势的传统方法中常常被忽略。 为了说明这一点，我们关注一个浸入玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的里德伯原子，其中里德伯杂质的内部态简并导致了与构型相关的非加性势。 随着相互作用强度的增加，各向异性引起的部分波混杂产生了独特的极子和摩尔子共振，使得径向和角向激发的束缚态变得可访问。 这种方法捕捉了浸入量子环境中的里德伯杂质的各向异性和非加性特征，并提供了广泛的应用性，适用于超越弗洛里希范式的各种量子杂质问题。 显示英文摘要

We present a framework for treating anisotropic and non-additive impurity-bath interactions - features that are ubiquitous in realistic quantum impurity problems, but are often neglected in conventional approaches relying on additive, spherically symmetric pseudopotentials. To illustrate this, we focus on a Rydberg atom immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate, where the internal-state degeneracy of the Rydberg impurity gives rise to configuration-dependent non-additive potentials. With increasing interaction strength, anisotropy-induced partial-wave mixing generates distinct polaron and molaron resonances, allowing for radially and angularly excited bound states to become accessible. This approach captures the anisotropy and non-additivity characteristic of a Rydberg impurity immersed in a quantum bath, and provides broad applicability to a host of quantum impurity problems beyond the Fr\"ohlich paradigm.

[2] arXiv:2510.01504 (交叉列表自 quant-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 通过快速绝热跃迁的鲁棒里德伯促进 显示英文标题

标题： Robust Rydberg facilitation via rapid adiabatic passage

Xinghan Wang, Yupeng Wang, Qi-Yu Liang

评论： 12页，11图

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 原子物理 (physics.atom-ph)

我们提出并分析了一种基于快速绝热跃迁的鲁棒的里德伯反阻塞实现方法。 尽管里德伯反阻塞在量子信息处理和传感中提供了关键的机会，但其对位置无序和参数不完善的敏感性已成为一个核心障碍。 通过绝热地扫过相互作用位移的共振，我们的方法不受现实水平的无序和参数变化的影响。 作为一个直接的应用案例，我们表明它自然地在一维和二维阵列中产生雪崩激发增长。 这一雪崩过程具有高增益和极低的背景，使其在稀有事件检测方面具有前景。 这些结果确立了一条实现鲁棒里德伯反阻塞动力学的实用途径，为未来的实验和技术应用铺平了道路。 显示英文摘要

We propose and analyze a robust implementation of Rydberg antiblockade based on rapid adiabatic passage. Although Rydberg antiblockade offers key opportunities in quantum information processing and sensing, its sensitivity to position disorder and parameter imperfections has posed a central roadblock. By adiabatically sweeping across the interaction-shifted resonance, our approach is unaffected by realistic levels of disorder and parameter variations. As a straightforward application case, we show that it naturally gives rise to avalanche excitation growth in both one- and two-dimensional arrays. This avalanche process yields high gain with exceptionally low background, making it promising for rare-event detection. These results establish a practical route to robust Rydberg antiblockade dynamics, paving the way for future experimental and technological applications.

[3] arXiv:2510.01900 (交叉列表自 quant-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 时间脉冲在原子干涉量子传感器中的起源 显示英文标题

标题： Temporal Pulse Origins in Atom Interferometric Quantum Sensors

Jack Saywell, Nikolaos Dedes, Max Carey, Brynle Barrett, Tim Freegarde

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 原子物理 (physics.atom-ph)

基于原子干涉仪的量子传感器通常依赖射频或光学脉冲来相干地操控原子状态，并精确测量惯性及引力效应。 这些传感器相较于经典传感器的一个优势通常被认为在于其测量比例因子是精确已知且高度稳定的。 然而，在实际中，有限的脉冲持续时间使得传感器的比例因子依赖于脉冲形状，并对控制场强度、频率和原子速度的变化敏感。 在此，我们探讨了原子干涉仪中的时间脉冲起点概念，其中任何脉冲的惯性相位响应都可以使用一个时间点进行参数化。 我们表明，时间起点允许简单确定测量比例因子及其对环境扰动的稳定性。 此外，时间起点可以作为可调参数，在设计定制的脉冲序列中以增强比例因子的稳定性和最小化系统误差。 我们通过模拟证明，这种脉冲设计方法可以在减少整体序列持续时间的同时，提高对控制场幅度现实波动的鲁棒性。 我们的结果表明，时间脉冲起点解释了现有设备中一大类系统误差，并使能够设计出短而鲁棒的脉冲，我们预计这将改善当前和下一代干涉量子传感器的性能。 显示英文摘要

Quantum sensors based upon atom interferometry typically rely on radio-frequency or optical pulses to coherently manipulate atomic states and make precise measurements of inertial and gravitational effects. An advantage of these sensors over their classical counterparts is often said to be that their measurement scale factor is precisely known and highly stable. However, in practice the finite pulse duration makes the sensor scale factor dependent upon the pulse shape and sensitive to variations in control field intensity, frequency, and atomic velocity. Here, we explore the concept of a temporal pulse origin in atom interferometry, where the inertial phase response of any pulse can be parameterized using a single point in time. We show that the temporal origin permits a simple determination of the measurement scale factor and its stability against environmental perturbations. Moreover, the temporal origin can be treated as a tunable parameter in the design of tailored sequences of shaped pulses to enhance scale factor stability and minimize systematic errors. We demonstrate through simulations that this approach to pulse design can reduce overall sequence durations while increasing robustness to realistic fluctuations in control field amplitude. Our results show that the temporal pulse origin explains a broad class of systematic errors in existing devices and enables the design of short, robust pulses which we expect will improve the performance of current and next-generation interferometric quantum sensors.

替换提交 (展示 3 之 3 条目 )

[4] arXiv:2501.15982 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 通过Krylov复杂度诊断非厄米量子自旋链中的量子多体混沌 显示英文标题

标题： Diagnosing Quantum Many-body Chaos in Non-Hermitian Quantum Spin Chain via Krylov Complexity

Yijia Zhou, Wei Xia, Lin Li, Weibin Li

评论： 13页，14图，1表（包括附录）

期刊参考： 物理评论研究 7，033281 (2025)

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 原子物理 (physics.atom-ph)

我们研究了在具有局部非厄米无序的量子自旋链中从混沌到非混沌动力学的相变，这可以通过里德伯原子阵列设置实现。 随着无序强度的增加，通过克罗夫空间复杂度增长的抑制，定性地捕捉到了非混沌动力学的出现，并通过克罗夫空间的互易性破坏进行定量识别。 我们进一步发现，在弱无序区域，克罗夫空间中的局域化产生了另一种相变，表明存在弱遍历性破坏。 我们的结果与传统方法（如纠缠熵和复数能级间距统计）紧密一致，并为使用克罗夫空间复杂度及相关指标探索非厄米相变铺平了道路。 显示英文摘要

We investigate the phase transitions from chaotic to nonchaotic dynamics in a quantum spin chain with a local non-Hermitian disorder, which can be realized with a Rydberg atom array setting. As the disorder strength increases, the emergence of nonchaotic dynamics is qualitatively captured through the suppressed growth of Krylov complexity, and quantitatively identified through the reciprocity breaking of Krylov space. We further find that the localization in Krylov space generates another transition in the weak disorder regime, suggesting a weak ergodicity breaking. Our results closely align with conventional methods, such as the entanglement entropy and complex level spacing statistics, and pave the way to explore non-Hermitian phase transitions using Krylov complexity and associated metrics.

[5] arXiv:2506.01233 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 一维系统中二聚体-二聚体散射的超球面分析 显示英文标题

标题： Hyperspherical Analysis of Dimer-Dimer Scattering in One-Dimensional Systems

Jia Wang, Hui Hu, Xia-Ji Liu

主题： 量子气体 (cond-mat.quant-gas) ; 原子物理 (physics.atom-ph) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我们使用绝热超球坐标表示法（AHR）对一维（1D）量子系统中的四体散射进行了全面分析。 专注于通过双曲正弦-双曲余弦势相互作用的两种费米子二聚体之间的碰撞，我们采用慢变量离散化（SVD）方法，以克服势能曲线中尖锐的避让交叉所带来的数值挑战。 我们的数值方法与可积区域中可用的精确解析结果进行对比，显示出极好的一致性。 我们进一步研究了没有解析解的非可积区域，揭示了诸如与四聚体形成相关的散射长度的共振增强等新特性。 这些结果突显了AHR+SVD框架在低维量子系统中准确的少体散射计算方面的强大功能和灵活性，并为未来研究超冷气体中的普遍少体物理奠定了基础。 显示英文摘要

We present a comprehensive analysis of four-body scattering in one-dimensional (1D) quantum systems using the adiabatic hyperspherical representation (AHR). Focusing on dimer-dimer collisions between two species of fermions interacting via the sinh-cosh potential, we implement the slow variable discretization (SVD) method to overcome numerical challenges posed by sharp avoided crossings in the potential curves. Our numerical approach is benchmarked against exact analytical results available in integrable regimes, demonstrating excellent agreement. We further explore non-integrable regimes where no analytical solutions exist, revealing novel features such as resonant enhancement of the scattering length associated with tetramer formation. These results highlight the power and flexibility of the AHR+SVD framework for accurate few-body scattering calculations in low-dimensional quantum systems, and establish a foundation for future investigations of universal few-body physics in ultracold gases.

[6] arXiv:2509.12872 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 飞秒时间分辨探测液体和水溶液中的再碰撞电子波包 显示英文标题

标题： Attosecond-resolved probing of recolliding electron wave packets in liquids and aqueous solutions

Angana Mondal, Nicolas Tancogne-Dejean, George Trenins, Sona Achotian, Meng Han, Tadas Balciunas, Zhong Yin, Angel Rubio, Mariana Rossi, Ofer Neufeld, Hans Jakob Wörner

评论： 20页，11图

主题： 化学物理 (physics.chem-ph) ; 原子与分子簇 (physics.atm-clus) ; 原子物理 (physics.atom-ph) ; 光学 (physics.optics)

高阶谐波光谱（HHS）在液体中有望实现实时获取化学和生物过程中原始环境中的超快电子动力学。 尽管电子再碰撞已被确立为液体中高次谐波产生（HHG）的主要机制，但解析其背后的电子动力学仍然难以捉摸。 在此，我们展示了对再碰撞电子波包的阿秒分辨测量，将HHS从纯液体扩展到水溶液。 使用相位控制的双色场，我们观察到使偶数次谐波发射最大化的双色延迟与光子能量呈线性关系，在乙醇中斜率为208±55 as/eV，在水中为124±42 as/eV，后者与从头算模拟（125±48 as/eV）相符。 在水盐溶液中，我们发现了干扰极小值，其出现取决于溶质类型和浓度，这是由溶质和溶剂发射之间的破坏性干涉引起的。 通过测量溶剂和溶质HHG的相对相位，我们获得了电子传输时间的变化为113±32 as/eV，这与我们的纯液体结果一致。 这些发现确立了HHS作为无序介质中电子动力学的强大阿秒分辨探测工具，为研究液体和溶液中的超快过程（如能量转移、电荷迁移和质子动力学）开辟了变革性的机会。 显示英文摘要

High-harmonic spectroscopy (HHS) in liquids promises real-time access to ultrafast electronic dynamics in the native environment of chemical and biological processes. While electron recollision has been established as the dominant mechanism of high-harmonic generation (HHG) in liquids, resolving the underlying electron dynamics has remained elusive. Here we demonstrate attosecond-resolved measurements of recolliding electron wave packets, extending HHS from neat liquids to aqueous solutions. Using phase-controlled two-colour fields, we observe a linear scaling of the two-colour delay that maximizes even-harmonic emission with photon energy, yielding slopes of 208+/-55 as/eV in ethanol and 124+/-42 as/eV in water, the latter matching ab initio simulations (125+/-48 as/eV). In aqueous salt solutions, we uncover interference minima whose appearance depends on solute type and concentration, arising from destructive interference between solute and solvent emission. By measuring the relative phase of solvent and solute HHG, we retrieve a variation of electron transit time by 113+/-32 as/eV, consistent with our neat-liquid results. These findings establish HHS as a powerful attosecond-resolved probe of electron dynamics in disordered media, opening transformative opportunities for studying ultrafast processes such as energy transfer, charge migration, and proton dynamics in liquids and solutions.