量子物理

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[1] arXiv:2504.07214 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： Kernpiler：具有部分Trotter分解的量子哈密顿量模拟编译器优化 显示英文标题

标题： Kernpiler: Compiler Optimization for Quantum Hamiltonian Simulation with Partial Trotterization

Dennis M. Heim

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

量子计算在模拟哈密顿量动力学方面有望带来变革性的影响，这对于研究经典计算无法处理的物理系统至关重要。 然而，现有的哈密顿量模拟编译技术，特别是常用的Trotter公式，在提供当前量子计算机上可行的门计数方面面临挑战，难以实现超越经典模拟的效果。 我们提出了部分Trotter化方法，其中非对易哈密顿量项集被直接编译，从而在每个Trotter步骤中减少误差，总体上减少了Trotter步骤的数量。 此外，引入了一套新的优化方法，以补充这种新的部分Trotter化技术，包括用于复杂酉分解的强化学习和用于酉简化的主要哈密顿量分析。 我们通过在自旋和费米子哈密顿量上的数值模拟证明，与最先进的方法如Qiskit的Rustiq和Qiskit的Paulievolutiongate相比，我们的新型编译器在门计数和深度方面最多可减少10倍。 显示英文摘要

Quantum computing promises transformative impacts in simulating Hamiltonian dynamics, essential for studying physical systems inaccessible by classical computing. However, existing compilation techniques for Hamiltonian simulation, in particular the commonly used Trotter formulas struggle to provide gate counts feasible on current quantum computers for beyond-classical simulations. We propose partial Trotterization, where sets of non-commuting Hamiltonian terms are directly compiled allowing for less error per Trotter step and therefore a reduction of Trotter steps overall. Furthermore, a suite of novel optimizations are introduced which complement the new partial Trotterization technique, including reinforcement learning for complex unitary decompositions and high level Hamiltonian analysis for unitary reduction. We demonstrate with numerical simulations across spin and fermionic Hamiltonians that compared to state of the art methods such as Qiskit's Rustiq and Qiskit's Paulievolutiongate, our novel compiler presents up to 10x gate and depth count reductions.

[2] arXiv:2511.14628 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 低曲率几何区域中VQE的PAC全局优化 显示英文标题

标题： PAC global optimization for VQE in low-curvature geometric regimes

Ali Abu-Nada, Aryan Iliat, Russell Ceballo

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我们给出了在显式几何条件下，变分量子本征求解器的全局$\varepsilon$-最优性的噪声鲁棒、大概正确（PAC）保证。 对于具有有界生成元的周期性参数化——在环面参数空间上产生全局Lipschitz代价景观——我们假设包含全局最小值的低能区域是一个Morse--Bott子流形，其法向Hessian在$p$个参数上的秩为$r = O(\log p)$，并且相对于坐标对齐的嵌入平坦区域满足多项式纤维正则性。 这种低曲率维度结构是仅少数方向控制能量变化的区域的模型，并与强参数绑定以及特定多尺度和绑定浅层架构中的局域性机制一致。 在该假设下，以置信度$1-δ$找到一个$\varepsilon$-最优区域所需的样本复杂度与曲率维度$r$相关，而不是与环境维度$p$相关。 以至少$1-δ$的概率，该算法输出一个区域，其中所有点都是$\varepsilon$-最优的，并且至少有一个点位于全局最小值的有界邻域内。 结果复杂度在$p$和$\varepsilon^{-1}$上是准多项式的，并在$δ^{-1}$上是对数的。 这确定了一个几何区间，在该区间内尽管存在散粒噪声，高概率全局优化仍然可行。 显示英文摘要

We give noise-robust, Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) guarantees of global $\varepsilon$-optimality for the Variational Quantum Eigensolver under explicit geometric conditions. For periodic ansatzes with bounded generators -- yielding a globally Lipschitz cost landscape on a toroidal parameter space -- we assume that the low-energy region containing the global minimum is a Morse--Bott submanifold whose normal Hessian has rank $r = O(\log p)$ for $p$ parameters, and which satisfies polynomial fiber regularity with respect to coordinate-aligned, embedded flats. This low-curvature-dimensional structure serves as a model for regimes in which only a small number of directions control energy variation, and is consistent with mechanisms such as strong parameter tying together with locality in specific multiscale and tied shallow architectures. Under this assumption, the sample complexity required to find an $\varepsilon$-optimal region with confidence $1-δ$ scales with the curvature dimension $r$ rather than the ambient dimension $p$. With probability at least $1-δ$, the algorithm outputs a region in which all points are $\varepsilon$-optimal, and at least one lies within a bounded neighborhood of the global minimum. The resulting complexity is quasi-polynomial in $p$ and $\varepsilon^{-1}$ and logarithmic in $δ^{-1}$. This identifies a geometric regime in which high-probability global optimization remains feasible despite shot noise.

[3] arXiv:2411.03879 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 手性声子源于手性选择性自旋波-声子耦合 显示英文标题

标题： Chiral Phonons Arising From Chirality-Selective Magnon-Phonon Coupling

Julian Boesl, Yu-Jie Liu, Frank Pollmann, Michael Knap

期刊参考： 物理评论快报 135, 216701 (2025)

主题： 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)

手性声子在自旋电子学应用中很有价值，但其产生和控制仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们展示了在反演对称磁系统中选择性磁振子-声子耦合产生的真正手性声子。以体心立方铁为例，我们利用第一性原理计算在整个布里渊区范围内定量计算了混合的磁振子-声子准粒子态。我们的发现挑战了传统的磁弹性解释，并揭示了有限的零点声子角动量以及与有限（自旋）贝里曲率相关的强烈异常热霍尔响应。我们的结果进一步表明，手性声子的存在，特别是在高对称方向上，在许多磁性材料中是常见的，为新型自旋电子和声子器件提供了有希望的途径。 显示英文摘要

Chiral phonons are desirable for applications in spintronics but their generation and control remains a challenge.Here we demonstrate the emergence of truly chiral phonons from selective magnon-phonon coupling in inversion-symmetric magnetic systems. Considering bcc Fe as example, we quantitatively calculate hybridized magnon-phonon quasiparticle states across the entire Brillouin zone utilizing first-principles calculations. Our findings challenge conventional magneto-elastic interpretations and reveal finite zero-point phonon angular momentum and strong anomalous thermal Hall responses linked to finite (spin) Berry curvatures. Our results further establish that the existence of chiral phonons, particularly along high-symmetry directions, is common in many magnetic materials, offering promising avenues for novel spintronic and phononic devices.

[4] arXiv:2511.12799 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： GRAPE脉冲优化在具有硬件代表性噪声模型的量子门中的验证实现 显示英文标题

标题： Verified Implementation of GRAPE Pulse Optimization for Quantum Gates with Hardware-Representative Noise Models

Albert Rico, Dmitry Grinko, Robin Krebs, Lin Htoo Zaw

评论： 11页，4图

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

在嘈杂的中等规模量子（NISQ）计算机中，门保真度仍然是限制实用量子计算的主要瓶颈，这受到退相干和控制噪声的限制。量子最优控制（QOC）技术，如梯度上升脉冲工程（GRAPE）算法，提供了一种强大的方法来设计抗噪声的脉冲，以主动缓解这些影响。然而，大多数QOC实现都在理想化的仿真环境中运行，无法捕捉到物理量子硬件固有的实时参数漂移，从而造成关键的“仿真到现实”差距。在本工作中，我提出了QubitPulseOpt，一个开源且经过严格测试的Python框架，旨在通过硬件代表性最优控制来弥合这一差距。该框架展示了与IQM的Garnet量子处理器（20量子位超导设备）的API连接，并实现了使用硬件代表性参数构建高保真“数字孪生”的工作流程。使用这个仿真框架，我证明了GRAPE优化的脉冲相比标准高斯脉冲在模拟门误差方面减少了77$\times$。该框架的可靠性通过864个测试验证套件（74%的代码覆盖率）和遵循NASA JPL 10的安全部署编码标准得到保证，确立了可信赖量子控制软件的新范式。所有结果均来自经过验证的GRAPE优化，并有完整的来源记录文档。 显示英文摘要

Gate fidelity in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers remains the primary bottleneck limiting practical quantum computation, constrained by decoherence and control noise. Quantum optimal control (QOC) techniques, such as the gradient ascent pulse engineering (GRAPE) algorithm, offer a powerful approach to designing noise-robust pulses that actively mitigate these effects. However, most QOC implementations operate in idealized simulation environments that fail to capture the real-time parameter drift inherent to physical quantum hardware, creating a critical ``sim-to-real'' gap. In this work, I present QubitPulseOpt, an open-source, rigorously-tested Python framework designed to bridge this gap through hardware-representative optimal control. The framework demonstrates API connectivity to IQM's Garnet quantum processor (20-qubit superconducting device) and implements a workflow that constructs a high-fidelity ``digital twin'' using hardware-representative parameters. Using this simulation framework, I demonstrate that GRAPE-optimized pulses achieve a simulated gate error reduction of 77$\times$ compared to standard Gaussian pulses. The framework's reliability is ensured through a 864-test verification suite (74\% code coverage) and adherence to NASA JPL Power-of-10 safety-critical coding standards, establishing a new paradigm for trustworthy quantum control software. All results are from verified GRAPE optimizations with full provenance documentation.

[5] arXiv:2511.14747 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 从平衡多稳态到向列液晶流中的时空混沌 显示英文标题

标题： From Equilibrium Multistability to Spatiotemporal Chaos in Channel Flows of Nematic Fluids

Sebastian Leontica, Alberto Baiardi, Julian Schuhmacher, Francesco Tacchino, Ivano Tavernelli

评论： 20页，7图

主题： 软凝聚态物理 (cond-mat.soft)

我们使用向列液晶的Beris-Edwards模型研究了受限于通道中的向列液晶。 利用壁面的强同向锚定，我们发现多稳态，即多个共存的状态，在这些状态下，均匀的向列态与具有空间变化的标量向列序和指向矢场的状态共存。 当施加压力梯度时，流动会发展，系统的固有多稳态组织了各种复杂的动态。 对于低压力梯度，建立了稳定流动，从平衡的多稳态中出现的指向矢场对应于Bowser和Dowser配置，类似于实验中报告的配置。 增加的压力梯度依次破坏稳定的Bowser和Dowser流动状态，导致不稳定的周期性和混沌状态，这些状态具有循环拓扑转变、脉动流动、对流缺陷和时空混沌。 这些发现表明，由Beris-Edwards模型捕获的标量向列序的微小变化可以定性地改变平衡结构，并在受限的向列液晶中引发复杂的非平衡行为——这与Ericksen-Leslie模型形成对比，后者假设标量序参数是常数。 我们的关键模型预测——多稳态、周期振荡状态和对流缺陷介导的湍流可以在压力驱动的向列流体通道流动中进行实验研究。 显示英文摘要

We investigate channel-confined, nematic liquid crystals using the Beris-Edwards model of nematohydrodynamics. Using strong homeotropic anchoring at the walls, we find multistability i.e. multiple coexisting states where the uniform nematic state coexists with states having spatially varying scalar nematic order and director fields. When a pressure gradient is applied, flows develop, and the inherent multistability of the system organizes a variety of complex dynamics. For low pressure gradients, steady flows are established, and the director fields that emerge from the multistable states at equilibrium correspond to Bowser and Dowser configurations similar to those reported in experiments. An increasing pressure-gradient destabilizes steady Bowser and Dowser flow states sequentially, leading to unsteady periodic and chaotic regimes featuring cyclical topological transitions, pulsating flows, advecting defects and spatiotemporal chaos. These findings demonstrate that modest variations in the scalar nematic order, as captured by the Beris-Edwards model, can qualitatively modify equilibrium structures and give rise to complex nonequilibrium behaviour in confined nematics-contrasting with the Ericksen-Leslie model, which assumes a constant scalar order parameter. Our key model predictions - multistability, periodically oscillating states and advecting defect-mediated turbulence can be experimentally investigated in pressure-driven channel flows of nematic fluids.

[6] arXiv:2511.14707 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 细胞形状源于运动 显示英文标题

标题： Cell Shape Emerges from Motion

Yi-Neng Zhou, Robin Löwenberg, Julian Sonner

评论： 12页和13图

主题： 软凝聚态物理 (cond-mat.soft)

We perform cell segmentation on images from experimental studies of confluent, mobile cells in epithelial monolayers and show that these systems possess a broad, positively-skewed shape parameter distribution $P(\mathcal{A})$, where $\mathcal{A}=p^2/4πa$, $p$ is the perimeter, and $a$ is area of each cell. $P(\mathcal{A})$ is peaked at a value higher than the typical shape parameter $\mathcal{A}^* \sim 1.15$ that occurs for randomly packed, static confluent cell monolayers. 分布并非来自具有不同{\it 固定} $\mathcal{A}$ 的异质细胞群体，也不能由低于弹性极限的菌株的细胞形状波动产生。 相反，我们发现每个单层样品中的所有细胞都具有跨越整个形状参数分布的$\mathcal{A}$值。 我们开发了一个可变形粒子模型，该模型允许细胞周长在细胞运动过程中适应局部力，该模型对于 MDCK 和 HaCaT 上皮细胞单层的$P(\mathcal{A})$在$5\%$范围内得到了恢复。 这些结果强调，移动细胞的融合上皮单层生成了一个定义明确的广泛形状参数分布，该分布与初始细胞形状无关。 显示英文摘要

We perform cell segmentation on images from experimental studies of confluent, mobile cells in epithelial monolayers and show that these systems possess a broad, positively-skewed shape parameter distribution $P(\mathcal{A})$, where $\mathcal{A}=p^2/4πa$, $p$ is the perimeter, and $a$ is area of each cell. $P(\mathcal{A})$ is peaked at a value higher than the typical shape parameter $\mathcal{A}^* \sim 1.15$ that occurs for randomly packed, static confluent cell monolayers. The distribution does not arise from a heterogeneous population of cells with different {\it fixed} $\mathcal{A}$, nor can it arise from cell shape fluctuations from strains below the elastic limit. Instead, we find that all cells in each monolayer sample $\mathcal{A}$ values that span the full shape parameter distribution. We develop a deformable particle model that allows cell perimeter to adapt to local forces during cell motion, and this model recovers $P(\mathcal{A})$ to within $5\%$ for both MDCK and HaCaT epithelial cell monolayers. These results emphasize that confluent epithelial monolayers of mobile cells generate a well-defined broad shape parameter distribution that is independent of the initial cell shapes.

[7] arXiv:2501.03241 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 从量子信息科学视角出发的意识量子模型 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum Models of Consciousness from a Quantum Information Science Perspective

A. de Oliveira Junior, Rafael A. Macedo, Jakub Czartowski, Jonatan Bohr Brask, Rafael Chaves

期刊参考： 熵 2025，27，243

主题： 神经与认知 (q-bio.NC) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

这种观点从量子信息科学的角度探讨了各种意识的量子模型，提供了潜在的想法和见解。 考虑的模型可以根据量子力学可能在大脑中运作的层次分为三个不同的类别：那些认为意识来源于神经元内微管中的电子离域的模型，那些认为意识源于整个神经网络周围电磁场的模型，以及那些认为意识来源于由神经递质分子控制的单个神经元之间相互作用的模型。 我们的重点特别放在认知的Posner模型上，并提供了关于磷酸盐分子在Posner团簇几何结构中纠缠保持的初步计算。 这些发现为量子信息理论如何增强我们对脑功能的理解提供了有价值的见解。 显示英文摘要

This perspective explores various quantum models of consciousness from the viewpoint of quantum information science, offering potential ideas and insights. The models under consideration can be categorized into three distinct groups based on the level at which quantum mechanics might operate within the brain: those suggesting that consciousness arises from electron delocalization within microtubules inside neurons, those proposing it emerges from the electromagnetic field surrounding the entire neural network, and those positing it originates from the interactions between individual neurons governed by neurotransmitter molecules. Our focus is particularly on the Posner model of cognition, for which we provide preliminary calculations on the preservation of entanglement of phosphate molecules within the geometric structure of Posner clusters. These findings provide valuable insights into how quantum information theory can enhance our understanding of brain functions.

[8] arXiv:1911.01823 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 意识与量子测量问题 显示英文标题

标题： Consciousness and the Problem of Quantum Measurement

Bence Bakó, Zoltán Kolarovszki, Zoltán Zimborás

评论： 13页

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

提出了一种冯·诺伊曼-维格纳解释的变体。 它没有使用熟悉的波函数和观察者的语言。 相反，它将物理世界的态描绘为福克空间中的一个矢量，因此，不是严格意义上的任何时空坐标的函数。 并且，而不是将意识分割成各个观点（每个观点都带有其自身的时间感），该模型只提出了单位态的意识，Q(t)，其中t表示一个参考时间，相对于此，物理世界的态和意识的态都会演化。 我们世界中的福克空间态被分类为“可接受的”（意味着它们对应于明确的意识状态）或“不可接受的”（意味着它们不对应）。 世界的状态矢量的演化始终使其局限于“可接受的”状态。 意识被处理得更像查默斯所称的“m属性”。 我们试图表明，量子Zeno效应的问题不会由此模型引起。 还讨论了简并态的测量以及EPR悖论。 最后，建议宇宙中包含有意识的观察者比不包含的可能性要大得多。 显示英文摘要

A variant of the von Neumann-Wigner Interpretation is proposed. It does not make use of the familiar language of wave functions and observers. Instead it pictures the state of the physical world as a vector in a Fock space and, therefore not, literally, a function of any spacetime coordinates. And, rather than segregating consciousness into individual points of view (each carrying with it a sense of its proper time), this model proposes only unitary states of consciousness, Q(t), where t represents a fiducial time with respect to which both the state of the physical world and the state of consciousness evolve. States in our world's Fock space are classified as either 'admissible' (meaning they correspond to definite states of consciousness) or 'inadmissible' (meaning they do not). The evolution of the state vector of the world is such as to always keep it restricted to 'admissible' states. Consciousness is treated rather like what Chalmers has called an "m-property." We try to show that problems with the quantum Zeno effect do not arise from this model. The measurement of degenerate states is also discussed, as is the EPR paradox. Finally, it is suggested that the universe is far more likely to contain conscious observers than not.

[9] arXiv:2511.13855 [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 将受控时间演化的成本减半 显示英文标题

标题： Halving the Cost of Controlled Time-Evolution

William A. Simon, Peter J. Love

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

量子模拟是量子计算的一个有前景的应用。 量子模拟算法可能需要控制时间演化酉算子的能力。 控制一个酉算子的朴素技术可能会显著增加所需的计算资源。 控制Trotter化时间演化的标准方法会将单量子比特任意旋转的数量翻倍。 在这里，我们描述了一种编译方案，在对称的Trotter化情况下不会增加任意旋转的数量，该方案适用于二阶及更高阶的Suzuki-Trotter分解。 与标准方法相比，这将实现受控Trotter化时间演化所需的任意旋转数量减半。 由于需要的魔法态数量，任意旋转在容错架构中的资源估算中起着重要作用。 因此，任意旋转主导了容错量子模拟的$T$-成本。 此结构将受控Trotter演化中的任意旋转数量减少到不受控Trotter演化中的数量，从而降低了容错量子模拟的成本。 显示英文摘要

Quantum simulation is a promising application for quantum computing. Quantum simulation algorithms may require the ability to control the time evolution unitary. Naive techniques to control a unitary can substantially increase the required computational resources. A standard approach to controlling Trotterized time evolution doubles the number of single-qubit arbitrary rotations. Here, we describe a compilation scheme that does not increase the number of arbitrary rotations for symmetric Trotterizations, which applies to second-order and higher Suzuki-Trotter decompositions. This halves the number of arbitrary rotations required to implement controlled, Trotterized time evolution compared to the standard approach. Arbitrary rotations contribute significantly to resource estimates in a fault-tolerant architecture due to the number of required magic states. Therefore, arbitrary rotations dominate the $T$-cost of fault-tolerant implementations of quantum simulation. This construction reduces the number of arbitrary rotations for controlled Trotter evolution to that of uncontrolled Trotter evolution, thereby reducing the cost of fault-tolerant quantum simulation.

[10] arXiv:2511.14339 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 针对钻石氮空位中心的硬件特定分解优化的编译器设计 显示英文标题

标题： Compiler design for hardware specific decomposition optimizations, tailored to diamond NV centers

Alessio Di Santo, Gabriella Lanziani

评论： 10页，15图

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

量子算法以及控制硬件设计方面的进展正在不断取得。 这些量子算法以量子电路的形式表示，需要被转换为来自定义的量子指令集架构（ISA）的一组指令，这些指令由控制硬件执行。 这些转换可以通过针对不同量子位技术的编译器来完成。 特别是对于钻石氮空位中心，目前尚无可用于此转换的编译器。 因此，在本文中，我们提出了一种专为利用钻石氮空位中心特定指令的量子计算机设计的编译器，例如直接碳控制和部分交换，以减少执行时间和门的数量。 此外，我们的编译器在通用编译器的基础上增加了允许经典指令执行状态层析和基于测量的操作的功能。 编译器的输出在一个钻石氮空位中心特定的模拟器中进行了测试。 在应用退相干和去极化噪声时，将通用编译器的输出与我们编译器的钻石氮空位中心特定输出进行比较，显示由于钻石特定分解而减少了噪声影响。 该编译器还被测试用于执行状态层析和基于测量的操作，结果表明其功能正常。 我们的结果表明，我们成功创建了一个支持集成经典和量子指令的编译器，可以通过利用钻石特定优化来提高电路执行的保真度。 显示英文摘要

Advances in quantum algorithms as well as in control hardware designs are continuously being made. These quantum algorithms, expressed as quantum circuits, need to be translated to a set of instructions from a defined quantum instruction-set architecture (ISA), which are executed by the control hardware. These translations can be done by a compiler, targeting different qubit technologies. Specifically for diamond NV centers, no compiler exists to perform this translation. Therefore, in this paper we present a compiler designed for quantum computers utilizing diamond NV center specific instructions, such as direct carbon control and partial swaps, to reduce execution times and gate count. Additionally, our compiler adds on top of general compilers by allowing classical instructions to perform state tomography and measurement-based operations. The output of the compiler is tested in a diamond NV center specific simulator. Comparing a general compiler output with the diamond NV center specific output of our compiler while applying decoherence and depolarization noise showed reduced noise effects due to diamond specific decomposition. The compiler was also tested to perform state tomography and measurement-based operations, which showed to be functional. Our results show that we have successfully created a compiler with integrated classical and quantum instructions support, which can improve circuit execution fidelity by utilizing diamond specific optimizations.

[11] arXiv:2508.10647 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 动态失速特性及随时间变化的俯仰运动建模 显示英文标题

标题： Dynamic Stall Characteristics and Modelling of Time-Varying Pitching Kinematics

Michael Rose, David A. Mazziotti

主题： 流体动力学 (physics.flu-dyn)

我们进行了一项实验研究，考察投掷运动学的复杂性如何影响动态失速特性，包括失速延迟和气动载荷响应。 该研究检查在静态失速角度定义的俯仰率是否足以表征变化的俯仰运动学以预测失速开始。 然后，我们评估了广义的Goman-Khrabrov模型在预测非线性俯仰运动载荷响应方面的性能，并提出了必要的修改，以扩展该模型在复杂运动学中的适用性。 显示英文摘要

We present an experimental investigation examining how the complexity of pitching kinematics influences dynamic stall characteristics, including the stall delay and aerodynamic force response. The study examines whether the pitch rate defined at the static stall angle adequately characterises time-varying pitching kinematics for stall onset prediction. We then evaluate the performance of the generalised Goman-Khrabrov model in predicting force responses of nonlinear pitching motions and propose necessary modifications to extend the model's applicability to complex kinematics.

[12] arXiv:2511.14306 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 通过编译器/硬件协同设计在分布式量子系统上并行化程序执行 显示英文标题

标题： Parallelizing Program Execution on Distributed Quantum Systems via Compiler/Hardware Co-Design

A.F. Kemper, Antonios Alvertis, Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Bojko N. Bakalov, Dror Baron, Joel Bierman, Blake Burgstahler, Srikar Chundury, Elin Ranjan Das, Jim Furches, Fucheng Guo, Raghav G. Jha, Katherine Klymko, Arvin Kushwaha, Ang Li, Aishwarya Majumdar, Carlos Ortiz Marrero, Shubdeep Mohapatra, Christopher Mori, Frank Mueller, Doru Thom Popovici, Tim Stavenger, Mastawal Tirfe, Norm M. Tubman, Muqing Zheng, Huiyang Zhou, Yuan Liu

评论： 18页，15图

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

随着量子计算机的持续改进并支持更大、更复杂的计算，需要智能控制硬件和编译器来高效利用这些系统的功能。 本文介绍了一种新方法，以提高在分布式量子系统上执行量子算法的效率。 所提出的方法涉及开发一种支持并行指令执行的硬件设计，以及一个修改指令顺序以增加并行机会的编译器。 该硬件设计可以灵活配置，以促进具有相同参数的指令的并行执行。 此外，编译器利用底层硬件约束来智能地重新排序和分解指令，以避免依赖关系。 编译器、硬件及其组合通过运行时计算器和基准量子算法集进行评估。 结果表明，与基线串行执行模型相比，实现了显著的加速，最大平均加速比为16.5倍，最大单基准加速比为56.2倍。 此外，我们展示了使用任何提出的硬件方案都可以在所有基准测试中获得加速，尽管加速程度在很大程度上取决于量子算法的类型。 综上所述，本文的结果代表了实现高性能量子计算系统的重要一步。 显示英文摘要

As quantum computers continue to improve and support larger, more complex computations, smart control hardware and compilers are needed to efficiently leverage the capabilities of these systems. This paper introduces a novel approach to enhance the execution of quantum algorithms on distributed quantum systems. The proposed method involves the development of a hardware design that supports parallel instruction execution and a compiler that modifies the order of instructions to increase parallelism opportunities. The hardware design can be flexibly configured to facilitate parallel execution of instructions that have identical parameters. Furthermore, the compiler uses the underlying hardware constraints to intelligently reorder and decompose instructions to avoid dependencies. The compiler, hardware, and their combination are evaluated using a runtime calculator and a benchmark quantum algorithm set. The results demonstrate a significant speedup, achieving a maximum average speedup of 16.5x and a maximum single-benchmark speedup of 56.2x relative to a baseline, serial execution model. Furthermore, we show a speedup can be obtained across all benchmarks using any of the proposed hardware schemes, although the degree of speedup is largely dependent on the type of quantum algorithm. Taken together, the results of this paper represent a significant step towards realizing high-performance quantum computing systems.

[13] arXiv:2511.14156 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 双梯度回波和电磁诱导透明存储中的时频处理 显示英文标题

标题： Spectrotemporal processing in a dual gradient echo and electromagnetically-induced transparency memory

Alexis R. Legón, Mario Miranda, P. A. Orellana

评论： 15页，4图

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

光量子信息的时频编码在量子信息技术中正成为一种强大的工具。 时频信息的处理最近已在多模量子存储器中得到演示，这是基于对存储协议的扩展。 我们在一个由连续梯度回波存储和电磁感应透明操作组成的双量子存储系统中模拟了这种过程，即分数傅里叶变换。 我们展示了电磁感应透明系统在时频处理方面的潜力。 显示英文摘要

Spectrotemporal encoding of optical quantum information is emerging as a powerful tool in quantum information technology. Processing of spectrotemporal information has recently been demonstrated in multi-mode quantum memories, based on extensions to memory protocols. We simulate one such process, the fractional Fourier transform, in a system based on a dual quantum memory composed of successive gradient echo memory and electromagnetically-induced transparency operations. We demonstrate the potential of electromagnetically-induced transparency systems for spectrotemporal processing.

[14] arXiv:2511.14079 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 通过后选择的冯·诺依曼测量增强纠缠相干态的非经典性质 显示英文标题

标题： Enhancing Non-classical Properties of Entangled Coherent States via Post-Selected von Neumann Measurements

Pedro Rosario, A. Cidrim, R. Bachelard

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

本研究系统地探讨了后选择弱测量（WM）对纠缠相干态（ECSs）非经典性质的调制机制。主要目标是实现对量子资源如纠缠和压缩的可控增强，同时最小化对量子态的扰动。我们对后选择弱测量过程进行了理论分析，以及其在放大ECSs非经典特征方面的有效性。采用冯·诺依曼测量模型来解析描述指针态的弱值放大。结果表明，通过调节测量耦合强度可以显著增强压缩效果。相空间中的联合Wigner函数分析进一步揭示了随着耦合强度的增加，态的相干结构从对称双峰演变为多分支量子干涉条纹。通过Hillery-Zubairy准则量化纠缠度，显示随着耦合强度的增强，纠缠度明显增加，而量子费舍尔信息表明相位估计精度有系统性提高。所获得的结果建立了一个可调谐的弱测量框架，用于精确操控连续变量纠缠态。这为增强量子计量学和基于测量的状态工程提供了一条可行的理论途径。 显示英文摘要

The present study systematically investigates the modulation mechanism of post-selected weak measurement (WM) on the non-classical properties of entangled coherent states (ECSs). The primary goal is achieving controllable enhancement of quantum resources such as entanglement and squeezing, while minimising disturbance to the quantum state. We theoretically analyze the post-selected weak measurement process, and its effectiveness in amplifying the non-classical features of ECSs. The von Neumann measurement model is employed to analytically describe the weak-value amplification of the pointer state. It is demonstrated that a significant enhancement of squeezing can be achieved by tuning the measurement coupling strength. The joint Wigner function analysis in phase space further reveals that, as the coupling strength increases, the coherent structure of the state evolves from symmetric double peaks to multi-branch quantum interference fringes. The entanglement, quantified by the Hillery-Zubairy criterion, exhibits a pronounced increase with stronger coupling, while the quantum Fisher information indicates a systematic improvement in phase estimation precision. The results obtained establish a tunable weak measurement framework for precise manipulation of continuous-variable entangled states. This provides a feasible theoretical pathway for enhancing quantum metrology and measurement-based state engineering.

[15] arXiv:2511.14000 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 通过光子探测选择的纠缠态 显示英文标题

标题： Postselected Entangled States by Photon Detection

Janarbek Yuanbek, Bruno Tenorio

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

后选择是一种非确定性机制，用于纠缠子系统，常用于弱激发系统。 我们这里展示了如何通过光子检测来纠缠两个能级发射器的高激发集合。 形成一个集体自旋，其特征是由远场测量检测到的压缩参数。 虽然退相干对这种条件纠缠有害，但连续的光子检测起到了纯化过程的作用，并恢复了自旋压缩。 我们的工作为开放量子系统中后选择纠缠的生成开辟了新的途径。 显示英文摘要

Postselection is a non-deterministic mechanism to entangle subsystems, often used in weakly-excited systems. We here show how highly-excited ensembles of two-level emitters can be entangled by photon detection. A collective spin is formed, characterized by a squeezing parameter detected by far-field measurements. While decoherence is detrimental to this conditional entanglement, successive photon detections act as a purification process and restores the spin squeezing. Our work opens up new avenues for the generation of postselected entanglement in open quantum systems.

[16] arXiv:2511.14513 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 具有手性量子行走群体的链接预测 显示英文标题

标题： Link prediction with swarms of chiral quantum walks

Luis F. Santos, Victor Hugo M. Ramos, Danilo Cius, Mario C. Baldiotti, Bárbara Amaral

评论： 23页，7图

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

重建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络是网络医学中的一个核心挑战，通常通过链接预测算法来解决。 最近的研究表明，基于量子行走的方法在这一任务中具有前景。 在本文中，我们通过在哈密顿生成器中添加随机相位来引入手性，从而改进这些算法。 由此产生的额外自由度使得对网络的探索更加多样化，我们通过采用一组手性量子行走来利用这一点。 因此，我们增强了量子行走在复杂网络上的预测能力。 事实上，与非手性算法相比，手性版本表现出更高的鲁棒性，使其性能对最优演化时间——非手性模型的关键超参数——的依赖性更低。 这种改进来自于手性在群体中引入的互补动力学。 通过分析多种相位采样策略，我们确定了能够实现实际权衡的配置：在保持非手性算法在最佳时间点的高预测准确性的同时，获得典型的手性鲁棒性。 我们的研究结果突显了手性量子行走的灵活性及其在现实场景中超越经典方法和非手性量子方法的潜力，包括在不断演化的数据库连续版本之间的比较。 显示英文摘要

Reconstructing protein-protein interaction networks is a central challenge in network medicine, often addressed using link prediction algorithms. Recent studies suggest that quantum walk-based approaches hold promise for this task. In this paper, we build on these algorithms by introducing chirality through the addition of random phases in the Hamiltonian generators. The resulting additional degrees of freedom enable a more diverse exploration of the network, which we exploit by employing a swarm of chiral quantum walks. Thus, we enhance the predictive power of quantum walks on complex networks. Indeed, compared to a non-chiral algorithm, the chiral version exhibits greater robustness, making its performance less dependent on the optimal evolution time--a critical hyperparameter of the non-chiral model. This improvement arises from complementary dynamics introduced by chirality within the swarm. By analyzing multiple phase-sampling strategies, we identify configurations that achieve a practical trade-off: retaining the high predictive accuracy of the non-chiral algorithm at its optimal time while gaining the robustness typical of chirality. Our findings highlight the versatility of chiral quantum walks and their potential to outperform both classical and non-chiral quantum methods in realistic scenarios, including comparisons between successive versions of evolving databases.

[17] arXiv:2511.05492 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 通过电路分割与重新整合的量子数据表示 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum Data Representation via Circuit Partitioning and Reintegration

Jesse L Everett

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

量子数据编码（QDE）通过叠加和纠缠，使计算速度比经典算法更快。 电路切割和编织是通过分而治之的方法缓解当前噪声量子处理单元（QPUs）错误的有效技术，该方法将量子电路分割成子电路，并使用经典后处理重新组合它们。 不幸的是，现有的QDE框架未能考虑量子硬件限制，例如芯片的拓扑结构。 设计一种支持量子计算算法级别的计算模型，并优化非全连接量子电路模拟的研究仍不充分。 在本研究中，我们引入了shardQ，一种利用SparseCut算法与矩阵乘积状态（MPS）编译和全局编织技术来减轻量子错误率的方法。 该方法通过理论证明阐明了量子编码在计算时间和错误率之间的最佳权衡，并通过使用IBM Heron型QPUs的消融分析进行了验证，实现了15%的错误率降低。 本研究还展示了量子图像编码准备情况的结果。 所提出的模型推动了当前量子计算向容错领域发展，因为QDE是大统一量子算法的输入。 显示英文摘要

Quantum data encoding (QDE) enables faster com-putations than classical algorithms through superposition and en-tanglement. Circuit cutting and knitting are effective techniques for ameliorating current noisy quantum processing unit (QPUs) errors via a divide-and-conquer approach that splits quantum circuits into subcircuits and recombines them using classical postprocessing. Unfortunately, the existing QDE frameworks fail to consider quantum hardware limitations, such as the topology of the chip. Designing a computation model that supports the algorithm level of quantum computation and optimizes non-all-to-all connected quantum circuit simulations remains underde-veloped. In this study, we introduce shardQ, a method that leverages the SparseCut algorithm with matrix product state (MPS) compilation and a global knitting technique to mitigate the quantum error rates. This method elucidates the optimal trade-off between the computational time and error rate for quantum encoding with a theoretical proof, evidenced by an ablation analysis using an IBM Heron-type QPUs with 15% error reduction. This study also presents the results of quantum image encoding readiness. The proposed model advances the current quantum computation towards the fault-tolerant regime as QDE is the input of grand unified quantum algorithms.

[18] arXiv:2508.16226 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 普遍的马约拉纳零模量子控制 显示英文标题

标题： Universal quantum control over Majorana zero modes

Göktuğ Karpat

评论： 14页，6图

期刊参考： 物理评论A 112，052614（2025）

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

马约拉纳零模（MZM）由于任意子准粒子的非阿贝尔编织统计中的拓扑保护机制，表现出对局部参数波动的固有鲁棒性。 在本文中，我们在通用量子控制的理论框架下，构建了三个MZM中任意一对之间的编织操作。 在媒介上大幅失谐的驱动场，一个晶格的局部缺陷，使得任意两个MZM之间能够实现间接且可调的交换相互作用。 然后，通过沿着通用非绝热通道的时间演化，可以产生编织操作，其对驱动场误差和准粒子中毒的鲁棒性可以通过通道依赖的全局相位的快速调制显著增强。 此外，在通用通道上沿顺时针和逆时针方向都可以完美地演示MZM上态密度的螺旋传递，而无需消除媒介缺陷。 我们的协议是线性可扩展的，并为实现对MZM的通用量子控制提供了一条途径，这对于拓扑量子计算来说是基础且必要的。 显示英文摘要

Majorana zero mode (MZM) exhibits inherent resilience to local parametric fluctuations, due to the topological protection mechanism in the non-Abelian braiding statistics of the anyonic quasiparticles. In this paper, we construct the braiding operations between an arbitrary pair in three MZMs under the theoretical framework of universal quantum control. Largely detuned driving fields on the mediator, a local defect of lattice, enable indirect and tunable exchange interaction between arbitrary two MZMs. The braiding operations can then emerge through the time evolution along the universal nonadiabatic passages, whose robustness against driving-field errors and quasiparticle poisoning can be substantially enhanced by the rapid modulation over the passage-dependent global phase. Moreover, a chiral transfer for population on MZMs along the universal passage can be perfectly demonstrated in both clockwise and counterclockwise manners without eliminating the mediator defect. Our protocol is linear scalable and provides an avenue towards the universal quantum control over MZMs, which is fundamental and essential for topological quantum computation.

[19] arXiv:2507.10285 [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 从线性微分方程到酉算子：一种具有近最优量子算法的矩匹配扩张框架 显示英文标题

标题： From Linear Differential Equations to Unitaries: A Moment-Matching Dilation Framework with Near-Optimal Quantum Algorithms

Samgeeth Puliyil, Leevi Leppäjärvi, Mário Ziman

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

量子速度提升在动力学模拟中通常需要单位时间演化，而现实物理模型中遇到的大规模常微分方程/偏微分方程系统通常是非单位的。 我们提出了一种通用的矩满足扩张，将任何线性非厄米流 $\dot x = L x$与 $L=-iH+K$嵌入到一个扩展希尔伯特空间上的严格单位演化中： \[ ( (l| \otimes I ) \mathcal T e^{-i \int ( I_A\otimes H +i F\otimes K) dt} ( |r) \otimes I ) = \mathcal T e^{\int L dt}, \]，前提是三元组 $( F, (l|, |r) )$满足所有在辅助空间中的 $k\ge 0$ 的紧致矩恒等式 $(l| F^{k}|r) =1$。 这个代数条件既恢复了 \emph{薛定谔化} [Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 230602 (2024)] 和线性哈密顿量组合（LCHS）方案 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 150603 (2023)]，同时也揭示了由微分、积分、伪微分和差分生成器构建的新扩张族。 每个家族都带有连续的调参参数\emph{和}，在保持矩不变的相似性变换下是封闭的，从而产生了一个令人望而生畏的设计空间，使得量子扩张可以针对特定的应用、算法和硬件进行协同优化。 作为具体的演示，我们证明了在有限区间内的简单有限差分扩张可以达到近最优的预言机复杂度。 麦克斯韦粘弹性波传播的数值实验验证了该方法的准确性和鲁棒性。 显示英文摘要

Quantum speed-ups for dynamical simulation usually demand unitary time-evolution, whereas the large ODE/PDE systems encountered in realistic physical models are generically non-unitary. We present a universal moment-fulfilling dilation that embeds any linear, non-Hermitian flow $\dot x = L x$ with $L=-iH+K$ into a strictly unitary evolution on an enlarged Hilbert space: \[ ( (l| \otimes I ) \mathcal T e^{-i \int ( I_A\otimes H +i F\otimes K) dt} ( |r) \otimes I ) = \mathcal T e^{\int L dt}, \] provided the triple $( F, (l|, |r) )$ satisfies the compact moment identities $(l| F^{k}|r) =1$ for all $k\ge 0$ in the ancilla space. This algebraic criterion recovers both \emph{Schrödingerization} [Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 230602 (2024)] and the linear-combination-of-Hamiltonians (LCHS) scheme [Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 150603 (2023)], while also unveiling whole families of new dilations built from differential, integral, pseudo-differential, and difference generators. Each family comes with a continuous tuning parameter \emph{and} is closed under similarity transformations that leave the moments invariant, giving rise to an overwhelming landscape of design space that allows quantum dilations to be co-optimized for specific applications, algorithms, and hardware. As concrete demonstrations, we prove that a simple finite-difference dilation in a finite interval attains near-optimal oracle complexity. Numerical experiments on Maxwell viscoelastic wave propagation confirm the accuracy and robustness of the approach.

[20] arXiv:2505.21255 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 可编程量子模拟器中的量子马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum Markov chain Monte Carlo with programmable quantum simulators

Jia-Qi Li, Anton Frisk Kockum, Xin Wang

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

在本工作中，我们提出了一种用于多体系统的量子马尔可夫链算法，该算法利用了一种称为多体局域化（MBL）相的特殊物质相。我们展示了MBL相的特性如何使人们能够解决遍历性和从量子态分布中采样的条件。我们演示了如何利用热化到局域化的转变来调整马尔可夫链的接受率，并将该算法应用于解决一系列二次及以上阶数的组合优化问题。该算法可以在任何能够模拟具有最近邻相互作用的一维伊辛链的弗洛凯动力学的QPU上实现，为从无法在量子硬件上原生实现的哈密顿量的热分布中采样提供了一种实用方法。 显示英文摘要

In this work, we present a quantum Markov chain algorithm for many-body systems that utilizes a special phase of matter known as the Many-Body Localized (MBL) phase. We show how the properties of the MBL phase enable one to address the conditions for ergodicity and sampling from distributions of quantum states. We demonstrate how to exploit the thermalized-to-localized transition to tune the acceptance rate of the Markov chain, and apply the algorithm to solve a range of combinatorial optimization problems of quadratic order and higher. The algorithm can be implemented on any QPU capable of simulating the Floquet dynamics of a 1D Ising chain with nearest-neighbor interactions, providing a practical way of sampling from thermal distributions of Hamiltonians that cannot be natively implemented on the quantum hardware.

[21] arXiv:2403.19059 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 非高斯玻色电路的经典模拟 显示英文标题

标题： Classical simulation of non-Gaussian bosonic circuits

Folkert de Ronde, Alexander Knapen, Stephan Wong, Sebastian Feld

评论： 47页和7张图表，已修正与发表版本中的拼写错误

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我们提出了高效的经典算法，这些算法（强）模拟玻色子线性光学电路作用于高斯态叠加的效果。 我们的方法依赖于增强的协方差矩阵形式，以跟踪线性组合中各个项之间的相对相位。 这产生了一个精确的模拟算法，其运行时间在模式数和电路大小上是多项式的，并且在叠加中的项数上是二次的。 我们还提出了一种更快的近似随机算法，其运行时间与该数量成线性关系。 我们的主要构建模块是一个用于三个高斯态三重重叠的公式，以及一种快速估计高斯态叠加范数的方法，误差为乘法误差。 我们的构造借鉴了早期在有限维设置中模拟量子电路的工作，包括特别是具有非高斯初始状态的费米子线性光学和具有非稳定器初始状态的Clifford计算。 它提供了对一个实际相关的非高斯玻色子电路族的算法访问。 显示英文摘要

We propose efficient classical algorithms which (strongly) simulate the action of bosonic linear optics circuits applied to superpositions of Gaussian states. Our approach relies on an augmented covariance matrix formalism to keep track of relative phases between individual terms in a linear combination. This yields an exact simulation algorithm whose runtime is polynomial in the number of modes and the size of the circuit, and quadratic in the number of terms in the superposition. We also present a faster approximate randomized algorithm whose runtime is linear in this number. Our main building blocks are a formula for the triple overlap of three Gaussian states and a fast algorithm for estimating the norm of a superposition of Gaussian states up to a multiplicative error. Our construction borrows from earlier work on simulating quantum circuits in finite-dimensional settings, including, in particular, fermionic linear optics with non-Gaussian initial states and Clifford computations with non-stabilizer initial states. It provides algorithmic access to a practically relevant family of non-Gaussian bosonic circuits.

[22] arXiv:2511.14648 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 使用 Schmidt 分解确定量子纠缠 显示英文标题

标题： Using the Schmidt Decomposition to Determine Quantum Entanglement

Folkert de Ronde, Stephan Wong, Sebastian Feld

评论： 10页

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

量子信息理论是数学和物理学中一个迅速发展的领域，它结合了两个独立的理论，即量子力学和信息论。 量子纠缠是一个最初在EPR悖论中提出的概念。 在量子力学中，粒子可以处于叠加态，这意味着它们同时处于多个不同的状态。 直到粒子被测量时，它才会被强制进入一个单一的状态。 然而，粒子可能与其他粒子相关联，这意味着对一个粒子的测量将决定另一个粒子的测量结果。 纠缠是量子信息理论的核心。 它是使计算能力大幅提高的核心要素之一。 对于本文，我们决定专注于展示一种数学方法（施密特分解）来确定系统是否纠缠，并演示量子纠缠的应用（量子隐形传态），以及快速了解如何扩展施密特分解的应用。 显示英文摘要

Quantum information theory is a rapidly growing area of math and physics that combines two independent theories, quantum mechanics and information theory. Quantum entanglement is a concept that was first proposed in the EPR paradox. In quantum mechanics, particles can be in superposition, meaning they are in multiple different states at once. It is not until the particle is measured that it is forced into a single state. However, it is possible that particles can be tied to other particles, meaning that the measurement of one particle will determine the measurement of the other particle. Entanglement is at the very core of quantum information theory. It is one of the core pieces that allows for the massive increase in computing power. For this paper, we decided to focus on demonstrating the mathematical method (the Schmidt decomposition) for determining if a system is entangled, and a demonstration of quantum entanglement's use (quantum teleportation) as well as a quick look at how to extend the uses of the Schmidt decomposition.

[23] arXiv:2509.09347 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 日常使用食品包装膜中裂纹扩展速度跳跃的普遍性 显示英文标题

标题： Universality in the velocity jump in the crack propagation observed for food-wrapping films for daily use

Rong-Hang Chen, Jing Dong, Wen Yang, Qing Ai, Gui-Lu Long

评论： 正在提交中

主题： 软凝聚态物理 (cond-mat.soft)

橡胶裂纹扩展中的速度跳跃已成为开发坚韧橡胶材料的强大工具。 尽管一种理论表明这种跳跃可能在粘弹性材料中广泛观察到，但关于清晰跳跃的报告非常有限，即使在这种情况下的可重复性也很低，除了弹性体之外。 在这里，我们使用一种普通的食品包装膜作为样品，并在垂直于裂纹的方向上以恒定速度拉伸样品，观察裂纹扩展速度。 结果表明，在临界应变下会发生跳跃，并且具有很高的可重复性。 值得注意的是，通过适当的重新缩放，裂纹扩展速度与应变的关系图可以被折叠到一个主曲线，该主曲线被发现对于拉伸速度和样品高度的变化是普遍的。 结果揭示了跳跃的关键参数是应变，这表明存在一个小长度，它控制着裂纹沿线的变形。 本研究为未来理论设定了限制，并为速度跳跃成为开发各种坚韧聚合物基材料的工具开辟了一条新途径。 显示英文摘要

The velocity jump found in the crack propagation for rubbers has been a powerful tool for developing tough rubber materials. Although it is suggested by a theory that the jump could be observed widely for viscoelastic materials, the report on a clear jump is very limited and, even in such a case, reproducibility is low, except for elastomers. Here, we use a mundane food-wrapping film as a sample and observe the crack propagation velocity with pulling the sample at a constant speed in the direction perpendicular to the crack. As a result, we find the jump occurs at a critical strain with high reproducibility. Remarkably, the plot of the crack-propagation velocity as a function of strain can be collapsed onto a master curve by an appropriate rescaling, where the master curve is found to be universal for change in the pulling speed and in the sample height. The result reveals a key parameter for the jump is the strain, suggesting the existence of a small length that governs the deformation along the crack. The present study sets limitations on future theories and opens an avenue for the velocity jump to become a tool for developing a wide variety of tough polymer-based materials.

[24] arXiv:2509.12769 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 太赫兹信道在ULEO卫星至地面通信中的性能 显示英文标题

标题： Terahertz Channel performance in ULEO Satellite-to-Ground Communications

Christina Bowers, Deviprasath Palani, John Barta, Tyler Guglielmo, Stephen Libby, Dietrich Leibfried, Daniel Slichter

评论： 提交至《应用光学》

主题： 应用物理 (physics.app-ph)

卫星数据流量的指数增长要求通信系统超越当前微波容量的限制，而太赫兹（THz）频段（0.1-10 THz）相比光学系统具有前所未有的带宽潜力，并且在天气方面具有更好的抗扰能力，特别是当与低于300公里海拔的超低地球轨道（ULEO）卫星部署相结合时。 本文对ULEO-THz卫星到地面通信进行了全面的性能评估，分析了三种不同的传输架构：直接卫星到地面（S2G）、卫星中继地面（SRG）转发以及卫星到高空基站（S2H）通过光纤回传。 我们的分析利用了基于高度的大气传播模型，这些模型使用了中国西藏和青海四个高海拔站点一年的气象数据进行验证。 它采用了ITU-R标准的频率依赖性大气吸收，使用弯曲大气建模的自由空间路径损耗，以及区域大气变化来推导出总信道路径损耗、可用带宽容量和在多种THz频率下在AWGN和Weibull衰落条件下的比特误码率（BER）性能。 结果表明，在QPSK调制下，较低THz频率的直接S2G传输实现了最佳的实际性能，具有最大的可用带宽，而SRG由于多跳带来的禁止性累积损耗而表现不佳，S2H由于显著的光电转换和光纤传输损耗而不适用于长距离链路。 显示英文摘要

The exponential growth in satellite data traffic demands communication systems exceeding current microwave capacity limitations, while the terahertz (THz) frequency band (0.1-10 THz) offers unprecedented bandwidth potential with superior weather resilience compared to optical systems, particularly when combined with ultra low Earth orbit (ULEO) satellite deployments below 300 km altitude. This article presents a comprehensive performance evaluation for ULEO-THz satellite to ground communications, analyzing three distinct transmission architectures direct satellite to ground (S2G), satellite relay ground (SRG) forwarding, and satellite-to-high altitude base station (S2H) with fiber backhaul. Our analysis leverages altitude-resolved atmospheric propagation models validated using year long meteorological data from four high-altitude stations in Tibet and Qinghai, China. It incorporates frequency-dependent atmospheric absorption using ITU-R standards, free space path loss with curved atmospheric modeling, and regional atmospheric variations to derive total channel path loss, available bandwidth capacity, and bit error rate (BER) performance under both AWGN and Weibull fading conditions across multiple THz frequencies. Results demonstrate that direct S2G transmission at lower THz frequencies achieves optimal practical performance with maximum available bandwidth under QPSK modulation, while SRG suffers prohibitive cumulative losses from multiple hops, and S2H is rendered impractical for long-haul links by substantial electro-optical conversion and fiber transmission losses.

[25] arXiv:2511.14579 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 梯度下降方法在量子探测器层析成像中的应用 显示英文标题

标题： Gradient-descent methods for quantum detector tomography

Daniel Stilck França, Ngoc Hoang Anh Mai

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我们提出了一种技术，用于使用基于梯度下降的优化对相位不敏感量子探测器进行量子探测器层析成像（QDT），以学习最能描述使用被研究探测器收集的数据的正算子值测度（POVM）。 我们在数值上将我们的方法与约束凸优化（CCO）进行了比较，并表明即使在存在噪声和有限探测态资源的情况下，它也能在更短的时间内达到更高或相当的重构保真度。 我们还通过在复数Stiefel流形上对POVM进行参数化，提出了我们方法的一个可能扩展，这使得在该流形上进行基于梯度的优化成为可能。 显示英文摘要

We present a technique for performing quantum detector tomography (QDT) of phase insensitive quantum detectors using gradient descent-based optimization to learn the positive operator-valued measure (POVM) that best describes the data collected using the detector under study. We numerically benchmark our method against constrained convex optimization (CCO) and show that it reaches higher or comparable reconstruction fidelity in much less time even in the presence of noise and limited probe state resources. We also present a possible extension of our approach to the phase sensitive case via a parametrization of POVMs on the complex Stiefel manifold which enables gradient based optimization restricted to this manifold.

[26] arXiv:2511.14511 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 用于变分量子本征求解器的高效哈密顿量感知量子自然梯度下降法 显示英文标题

标题： Efficient Hamiltonian-aware Quantum Natural Gradient Descent for Variational Quantum Eigensolvers

Marcin Płodzień

评论： 17页，8图

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

变分量子本征求解器（VQE）是当前量子设备最有前景的算法之一。 它使用经典优化器迭代更新变分量子电路的参数，以搜索给定哈密顿量的基态。 VQE的有效性在很大程度上取决于所采用的优化器。 最近的研究表明，量子自然梯度下降（QNG）比普通梯度下降（VG）具有更快的收敛速度，但每个优化步骤中需要额外的量子资源来估计Fubini-Study度量张量。 QNG中使用的Fubini-Study度量张量与整个量子态空间相关，并不包含关于目标哈密顿量的信息。 为了利用哈密顿量的结构并解决QNG中额外计算成本的限制，我们提出了哈密顿量感知的量子自然梯度下降（H-QNG）。 在H-QNG中，我们建议使用由哈密顿量项张成的低维子空间上诱导的黎曼拉回度量到参数空间。 我们证明了H-QNG继承了两种方法的优点：VG的低量子计算成本和QNG的重参数化不变性。 我们还通过分子哈密顿量的数值实验验证了其性能，结果表明H-QNG在要求更少量子计算资源的情况下能够更快地达到化学精度。 显示英文摘要

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most promising algorithms for current quantum devices. It employs a classical optimizer to iteratively update the parameters of a variational quantum circuit in order to search for the ground state of a given Hamiltonian. The efficacy of VQEs largely depends on the optimizer employed. Recent studies suggest that Quantum Natural Gradient Descent (QNG) can achieve faster convergence than vanilla gradient descent (VG), but at the cost of additional quantum resources to estimate Fubini-Study metric tensor in each optimization step. The Fubini-Study metric tensor used in QNG is related to the entire quantum state space and does not incorporate information about the target Hamiltonian. To take advantage of the structure of the Hamiltonian and address the limitation of additional computational cost in QNG, we propose Hamiltonian-aware Quantum Natural Gradient Descent (H-QNG). In H-QNG, we propose to use the Riemannian pullback metric induced from the lower-dimensional subspace spanned by the Hamiltonian terms onto the parameter space. We show that H-QNG inherits the desirable features of both approaches: the low quantum computational cost of VG and the reparameterization-invariance of QNG. We also validate its performance through numerical experiments on molecular Hamiltonians, showing that H-QNG achieves faster convergence to chemical accuracy while requiring fewer quantum computational resources.

[27] arXiv:2504.09121 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 量子热电偶：纳米结构中热量的非局域转换与控制 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum thermocouples: nonlocal conversion and control of heat in nanostructures

Yuki Sato, Jumpei Kato, Hiroshi Yano, Kosuke Ito, Naoki Yamamoto

评论： 简要评论。16页+参考文献，6图。修改后的稿件

主题： 中尺度与纳米尺度物理 (cond-mat.mes-hall) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

纳米尺度导体因其特殊的谱特性，将分离的热量和粒子电流联系起来，因此在热电领域具有吸引力。 量子区域中的多端器件受益于相位相干现象，这使得热电效应变得非局部，并且受益于可调节的单粒子相互作用。 这样可以定义量子温差电偶，它能够将注入的热量转换为等温导体中的有用功率，或者作为制冷器使用。 此外，还可以定义高效的热管理器件。 我们综述了多端热和热电量子输运研究的最新理论和实验进展，这些进展导致了自主量子热机和热器件的提案。 显示英文摘要

Nanoscale conductors are interesting for thermoelectrics because of their particular spectral features connecting separated heat and particle currents. Multiterminal devices in the quantum regime benefit from phase-coherent phenomena, which turns the thermoelectric effect nonlocal, and from tunable single-particle interactions. This way one can define quantum thermocouples which convert an injected heat current into useful power in an isothermal conductor, or work as refrigerators. Additionally, efficient heat management devices can be defined. We review recent theoretical and experimental progress in the research of multiterminal thermal and thermoelectric quantum transport leading to proposals of autonomous quantum heat engines and thermal devices.

[28] arXiv:2504.06696 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 通过腔体设计增强的Kerr效应光机械纠缠生成 显示英文标题

标题： Kerr-enhanced optomechanical entanglement generation via reservoir design

Sergio Giardino

评论： 13页，7图

期刊参考： 物理评论A 112, 043533(2025)

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

量子纠缠是量子技术中的关键资源，它在量子计算、量子通信和量子精密测量方面促进了进步。 在这里，我们提出一种方法，通过引入光学克尔非线性介质和光机械腔的压缩真空储备池来增强光机械纠缠。 通过执行位移和压缩变换，系统可以简化为一个标准的线性化光机械系统，具有归一化的驱动失谐和线性化耦合强度，在其中光学模式和机械模式分别耦合到光学真空浴和机械热浴。 我们关注系统单一稳定区域内的纠缠生成。 通过评估稳态对数负性，我们发现光机械纠缠可以在克尔常数的广泛范围内得到增强。 此外，克尔非线性可以扩展稳定区域，使得在蓝边带参数区域中能够产生显著的纠缠。 我们还研究了纠缠生成对机械浴的平均热声子占据数和光学驱动幅度的依赖性。 发现克尔非线性存在时，即使机械浴的热声子占据数高达3000，也可以生成光机械纠缠。 我们的研究结果将为增强量子系统中的脆弱量子资源提供有价值的见解。 显示英文摘要

Quantum entanglement is a crucial resource in quantum technologies, enabling advancements in quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum precision measurement. Here, we propose a method to enhance optomechanical entanglement by introducing an optical Kerr nonlinear medium and a squeezed vacuum reservoir of the optomechanical cavity. By performing the displacement and squeezing transformations, the system can be reduced to a standard linearized optomechanical system with normalized driving detuning and linearized-coupling strength, in which the optical and mechanical modes are, respectively, coupled to an optical vacuum bath and a mechanical heat bath. We focus on the entanglement generation in the single stable regime of the system. By evaluating the steady-state logarithm negativity, we find that the optomechanical entanglement can be enhanced within a wide range of the Kerr constant. In addition, the Kerr nonlinearity can extend the stable region, enabling considerable entanglement generation in the blue-sideband parameter region. We also investigate the dependence of the entanglement generation on the average thermal phonon occupation of the mechanical bath and the optical driving amplitude. It is found that the presence of the Kerr nonlinearity allows the generation of optomechanical entanglement even when the thermal phonon occupation of the mechanical bath is as high as 3000. Our findings will provide valuable insights into enhancing fragile quantum resources in quantum systems.

[29] arXiv:2506.15832 [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 杨-米尔斯理论在(3+1)维中的隐藏对称性 显示英文标题

标题： The Hidden Symmetries of Yang-Mills Theory in (3+1)-dimensions

Victor Ale, Tommaso Rainaldi, Enrique Rico, Felix Ringer, George Siopsis

评论： 102页，无图表，与发表在JHEP-高能物理杂志上的版本一致

期刊参考： JHEP11(2025)102

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 高能物理 - 格点 (hep-lat) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 数学物理 (math-ph) ; 精确可解与可积系统 (nlin.SI)

我们证明，经典、非超对称的Yang-Mills理论与自旋-1/2和自旋-0的基本物质场，在(3+1)维闵可夫斯基时空下，具有精确的结构，这些结构类似于可积性，具有无限多个在泊松括号下对易的守恒电荷。 这些结构存在于非阿贝尔电荷和磁荷的空间中，并基于广义环空间中的平坦连接，表现出R矩阵和Sklyanin关系。 我们提出了Yang-Mills理论的两种新对称性。 第一种对应于由泊松括号下的那些守恒电荷生成的全局变换。 在这样的全局对称性下，规范场和物质场，以及威尔逊线和通量具有有趣的变换规律。 第二种对应于积分Yang-Mills方程的对称性，这些对称性导致了守恒电荷。 它们生成一个无限维群，其中元素是映射从圆S^1到时空的函数的环空间上的连接的绕数。 我们的方法显然适用于基本相互作用的标准模型。 守恒电荷是规范不变的，因此在QCD的情况下，它们是颜色单态，可能不被禁闭。 因此，强子可能携带这些电荷。 我们的结果为构建Yang-Mills理论的非微扰方法开辟了道路。 显示英文摘要

We show that classical, non-supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories coupled to spin-1/2 and spin-0 elementary matter fields, in (3+1)-dimensional Minkowski space-time, possess exact structures that resemble integrability, with an infinite number of conserved charges in involution. Such structures live in the space of non-abelian electric and magnetic charges, and are based on flat connections in generalized loop spaces, presenting an R-matrix, and Sklyanin relation. We present two novel symmetries of Yang-Mills theories. The first one corresponds to global transformations generated by the infinity of those conserved charges under the Poisson brackets. The gauge and matter fields, as well as Wilson lines and fluxes, have interesting transformation laws under such a global symmetry. The second one corresponds to symmetries of the integral Yang-Mills equations, which lead to the conserved charges. They generate an infinite-dimensional group, where the elements are holonomies of connections on the loop space of functions from the circle S^1 to the space-time. Our approach certainly applies to the Standard Model of the Fundamental Interactions. The conserved charges are gauge invariant, and so, in the case of QCD, they are color singlets and perhaps are not confined. Therefore, the hadrons may carry such charges. Our results open up the way for the construction of non-perturbative methods for Yang-Mills theories.

[30] arXiv:2511.13867 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 语言可预测性与搜索复杂性：语言冗余如何限制经典和量子搜索的景观 显示英文标题

标题： Linguistic Predictability and Search Complexity: How Linguistic Redundancy Constraints the Landscape of Classical and Quantum Search

Kamila Moriová, Petr Koutenský, Neli Laštovičková Streshkova, Marius Constantin Chirita Mihaila, Zbyněk Šobáň, Jaromír Kopeček, Andreas Schertel, Martin Kozák

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

本研究通过将混合经典-量子框架应用于文艺复兴时期的意大利文本，考察语言规律与计算搜索复杂性之间的定量关系。 使用15和16世纪的四部代表性作品——《君主论》（马基雅维利）、《侍臣论》（卡斯蒂廖内）、《回忆录》（圭恰迪尼）和《奥兰多·弗雷罗》（阿里奥斯托）——我们在基于历史背景的25字母拼写法和完整的现代意大利字母表下构建基于字符的n-gram模型。 这些模型为评估替换密码搜索过程提供了语料库推导的概率基准。 结合经典爬山法和模拟退火与Grover风格的量子启发式估计以及QUBO退火公式，我们量化了密钥产生语言上合理解密的概率（pgood）与预期计算努力之间的关系。 在从200到1000个字符的密码长度范围内，实证结果证实了Grover预言调用对1/sqrt(pgood)的预测依赖性，并表明较长的文本会产生更尖锐的分数分布和更小的可行密钥区域。 总体而言，研究结果建立了语言冗余与搜索空间收缩之间的联系，在统一语料库驱动约束下提供了一个比较经典、量子启发式和理想化量子搜索动态的经验框架。 显示英文摘要

This study examines the quantitative relationship between linguistic regularities and computational search complexity through a hybrid classical-quantum framework applied to Renaissance Italian texts. Using four representative works from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries-Il Principe (Machiavelli), Il Cortegiano (Castiglione), I Ricordi (Guicciardini), and Orlando Furioso (Ariosto)-we construct character-based n-gram models under both a historically grounded 25-letter orthography and the full modern Italian alphabet. These models provide corpus-derived probabilistic baselines for evaluating substitution-cipher search processes. Combining classical hill climbing and simulated annealing with Grover-style quantum-inspired estimates and a QUBO annealing formulation, we quantify how the probability that a key produces a linguistically plausible decryption (pgood) relates to expected computational effort. Across cipher lengths from 200 to 1000 characters, empirical results confirm the predicted dependence of Grover oracle calls on 1/sqrt(pgood) and show that longer texts yield sharper score distributions and smaller feasible key regions. Overall, the findings establish a link between linguistic redundancy and search-space contraction, providing an empirical framework for comparing classical, quantum-inspired, and idealized quantum search dynamics under unified corpus-driven constraints.

[31] arXiv:2511.13844 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 费米子玻恩机：基于费米子采样的量子生成模型的经典训练 显示英文标题

标题： Fermionic Born Machines: Classical training of quantum generative models based on Fermion Sampling

Chenyu Shi, Hao Wang

评论： 23+17页，5图

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

量子生成学习是量子计算机的一个有前景的应用，但面临一些可训练性挑战，包括实验梯度估计的困难。 然而，对于某些结构化的量子生成模型，局部可观测量的期望值可以在经典计算机上高效计算，从而实现无需量子梯度评估的完全经典训练。 尽管训练在经典上是高效的，但从这些电路中采样仍然被认为在经典上是困难的，因此必须在量子设备上进行推理，这可能会产生计算优势。 在本工作中，我们以费米子玻恩机为例，介绍了一种可以经典训练的量子生成模型。 该模型使用参数化魔术态和具有可学习参数的费米子线性光学（FLO）变换。 训练利用了魔术态分解为高斯算子的方法，这允许对期望值进行高效估计。 此外，假设结构的特定结构导致了一个优化具有良好特性的损失景观。 FLO电路可以通过费米子到量子比特的映射，在量子比特架构上实现，在推理期间从学习到的分布中进行采样。 在最多160个量子比特的系统上的数值实验证明了我们模型和训练框架的有效性。 显示英文摘要

Quantum generative learning is a promising application of quantum computers, but faces several trainability challenges, including the difficulty in experimental gradient estimations. For certain structured quantum generative models, however, expectation values of local observables can be efficiently computed on a classical computer, enabling fully classical training without quantum gradient evaluations. Although training is classically efficient, sampling from these circuits is still believed to be classically hard, so inference must be carried out on a quantum device, potentially yielding a computational advantage. In this work, we introduce Fermionic Born Machines as an example of such classically trainable quantum generative models. The model employs parameterized magic states and fermionic linear optical (FLO) transformations with learnable parameters. The training exploits a decomposition of the magic states into Gaussian operators, which permits efficient estimation of expectation values. Furthermore, the specific structure of the ansatz induces a loss landscape that exhibits favorable characteristics for optimization. The FLO circuits can be implemented, via fermion-to-qubit mappings, on qubit architectures to sample from the learned distribution during inference. Numerical experiments on systems up to 160 qubits demonstrate the effectiveness of our model and training framework.

[32] arXiv:2511.13839 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 用非稳态性换取热力学性 显示英文标题

标题： Trading athermality for nonstabiliserness

Gaia Forghieri, Viacheslav Dubovitskii, Matteo A. C. Rossi, Matteo G. A. Paris

评论： 5+9页，6图。欢迎提出意见

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

非稳定性质是量子优势的基本资源，它捕捉了量子态破坏对称性的程度，而这些对称性会使它在经典上可模拟。 能否通过将稳定子态耦合到热库来生成非稳定性质？ 我们探讨在最小假设下的非稳定性质的热力学极限，并推导出在这种过程中从初始稳定子态生成非稳定性质的必要且充分条件。 这提供了一种分析性表征，描述了以这种方式可达的非稳定子态，以及它们的非稳定性质程度的定量界限。 我们的框架还识别出最优区域，指定了最大化非稳定性质生成的哈密顿量以及其出现的关键温度。 显示英文摘要

Nonstabiliserness is a fundamental resource for quantum advantage, capturing how much a quantum state breaks the symmetries that would make it classically simulable. Can nonstabiliserness be generated from stabiliser states simply by coupling them to a heat bath? We explore the thermodynamic limits of nonstabiliserness under minimal assumptions and derive a necessary and sufficient condition for when such a process can create it from an initial stabiliser state. This provides an analytic characterisation of the nonstabiliser states that are reachable in this way, together with quantitative bounds on their degree of nonstabiliserness. Our framework also identifies optimal regimes, specifying Hamiltonians that maximise nonstabiliserness generation and the critical temperatures at which it emerges.

[33] arXiv:2511.13968 [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 通过光学热力学的光路由 显示英文标题

标题： Universal Routing of Light via Optical Thermodynamics

T. J. Taiwo, A. D. Alhaidari, U. Al Khawaja

期刊参考： 自然光子学（2025）：1-6

主题： 光学 (physics.optics) ; 适应性与自组织系统 (nlin.AO)

理解并利用复杂非线性系统的动态特性，如今是众多科学和技术努力的核心。 在光学领域，非线性多模环境中光的演化提出了一个严峻的问题，因为其混沌演化常常阻碍预测性见解。 最近，提出了一种光学热力学框架，该框架可以系统地预测并利用这些系统的复杂行为。 在这项工作中，通过部署熵原理，我们展示了一个反直觉的光学过程，在这个过程中，光被注入到精心设计的非线性阵列的任何输入端口时，都会普遍地进入一个紧密定位的基态，这种响应在线性保守排列中是完全无法实现的。 这一现象源于晶格结构与动能和非线性哈密顿量组件展开方式之间的相互作用，导致了两种光学热力学过程：类似焦耳-汤姆逊膨胀随后是模式热化。 实验上，这种效应在适当配置的非线性时间合成网格晶格中得到了演示，其中光学温度接近零，导致光无论初始激发位置如何都会在一点凝聚。 这里展示的效应为应用光学热力学原理实现新型光学功能开辟了新的途径，例如全光束控制、复用以及高功率范围内的非线性光束整形，同时也有助于更深入地理解多模非线性系统中光与物质相互作用的非凡物理特性。 显示英文摘要

Understanding and exploiting the dynamics of complex nonlinear systems is nowadays at the core of a broad range of scientific and technological endeavors. Within the optical domain, light evolution in a nonlinear multimode environment presents a formidable problem, as its chaotic evolution often hinders predictive insights. Recently, an optical thermodynamic framework has been put forward that, in a systematic manner, can not only predict but also harness the intricate behavior of these systems. In this work, by deploying entropic principles, we demonstrate a counterintuitive optical process in which light, launched into any input port of a judiciously designed nonlinear array, universally channels into a tightly localized ground state, a response that is completely unattainable in linear conservative arrangements. This phenomenon arises from the interplay between lattice structure and the way the kinetic and nonlinear Hamiltonian components unfold, leading to two optical thermal processes: a Joule-Thomson-like expansion followed by mode thermalization. Experimentally, this effect is demonstrated in properly configured nonlinear time-synthetic mesh lattices, where the optical temperature approaches near zero, causing light to condense at a single spot, regardless of the initial excitation position. The effect demonstrated here opens new avenues for applying the principles of optical thermodynamics in realizing novel optical functionalities, such as all-optical beam steering, multiplexing, and nonlinear beam shaping in high-power regimes, while also offering a greater understanding of the remarkable physics of light-matter interactions in multimode nonlinear systems.

[34] arXiv:2409.03340 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 超冷原子约瑟夫森结中Shapiro步骤的观察 显示英文标题

标题： Observation of Shapiro steps in an ultracold atomic Josephson junction

Mikołaj Myszkowski, Mattia Damia Paciarini, Francesco Sannino

评论： 更新图表和文字

主题： 量子气体 (cond-mat.quant-gas)

驱动超导约瑟夫森结的电流-电压特性显示离散步骤。 这一现象称为夏皮罗步骤，如今已成为电压标准！ 在这里，我们报告在超冷原子气体中的驱动约瑟夫森结中观察到夏皮罗步骤。 我们证明这些步骤表现出普遍特征，并提供了对微观耗散动力学的见解，我们在实验中直接观察到这些动力学。 我们发现这些步骤直接与声子发射和孤子激发的形成有关，我们对它们在空间和时间上的动力学进行了跟踪。 实验结果得到了基于经典场动力学的广泛数值模拟的支持，可能实现计量学和基础科学的进展。 显示英文摘要

The current-voltage characteristic of a driven superconducting Josephson junction displays discrete steps. This phenomenon, called the Shapiro steps, forms today's voltage standard! Here, we report the observation of Shapiro steps in a driven Josephson junction in a gas of ultracold atoms. We demonstrate that the steps exhibit universal features, and provide insight into the microscopic dissipative dynamics that we directly observe in the experiment. We find that the steps are directly connected to phonon emission and nucleation of solitonic excitations, whose dynamics we follow in space and time. The experimental results are underpinned by extensive numerical simulations based on classical-field dynamics and may enable metrological and fundamental advances.

[35] arXiv:2511.13774 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 混合预测量子反馈：超越Wiseman-Milburn极限的量子比特寿命延长 显示英文标题

标题： Hybrid Predictive Quantum Feedback: Extending Qubit Lifetimes Beyond the Wiseman-Milburn Limit

Bruno P. Schnepper, Jefferson L. D. de Oliveira, Carlos H. S. Vieira, Krissia Zawadzki, Roberto M. Serra

评论： 13页，8图。拟投稿至IEEE QCNC 2026。欢迎提出意见

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

振幅阻尼通过不可逆地将能量和信息泄漏到环境中，从根本上限制了量子比特的寿命。 标准的Wiseman--Milburn反馈仅提供适度的改进，因为它只作用于一个测量的正交分量，其校正驱动受到环路延迟的降级。 我们引入了一个紧凑的混合升级，包含两个组件：(i) 一个相干耦合的\emph{辅助}量子比特，它接收零差电流并针对系统进行反馈\emph{量子相干地}，从\emph{两者}场正交分量中恢复信息，并有意设计成比系统衰减快得多；以及 (ii) 一个轻量级的监督预测器，用于预测近未来的零差电流，相位对齐校正以克服硬件延迟。 Lindblad处理得到了闭合形式的有效衰减率：辅助量子比特通过协同因子抑制发射通道，而预测器则根据预测质量进一步抑制剩余衰减。 使用IBM规模参数（基准\(T_1 = 50~μ\mathrm{s}\)），数值模拟超越了W--M极限，实现了\(\sim 3\!-\!4\times\)更长的\(T_1\)，同时提高了态填充保持率和积分能量。 该方法是模块化的且与硬件兼容：辅助量子比特耦合和监督预测可以添加到现有的W--M环路中，将泄漏的信息转化为精确的时间提前校正驱动。 我们还提供了辅助量子比特和预测增强反馈的有效速率的详细、适合学生的推导，使每个设计元素的影响在分析上透明。 显示英文摘要

Amplitude damping fundamentally limits qubit lifetimes by irreversibly leaking energy and information into the environment. Standard Wiseman--Milburn feedback offers only modest improvement because it acts on a single measured quadrature and its corrective drive is degraded by loop delay. We introduce a compact hybrid upgrade with two components: (i) a coherently coupled \emph{ancilla} qubit that receives the homodyne current and feeds back \emph{quantum-coherently} on the system, recovering information from \emph{both} field quadratures and intentionally engineered to decay much faster than the system; and (ii) a lightweight supervised predictor that forecasts the near-future homodyne current, phase-aligning the correction to overcome hardware latency. A Lindblad treatment yields closed-form effective decay rates: the ancilla suppresses the emission channel by a cooperativity factor, while the predictor further suppresses the residual decay in proportion to forecast quality. Using IBM-scale parameters (baseline \(T_1 = 50~μ\mathrm{s}\)), numerical simulations surpass the W--M limit, achieving \(\sim 3\!-\!4\times\) longer \(T_1\) together with improved population retention and integrated energy. The method is modular and hardware-compatible: ancilla coupling and supervised prediction can be added to existing W--M loops to convert leaked information into a precise, time-advanced corrective drive. We also include a detailed, student-friendly derivation of the effective rates for both ancilla-assisted and prediction-enhanced feedback, making the impact of each design element analytically transparent.

[36] arXiv:2506.19776 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 量子资源校正 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum Resource Correction

Amanuel Anteneh, Olivier Pfister

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

资源理论在表征量子信息处理中必要的状态和属性方面起着关键作用。 一个重要的挑战是保护资源免受错误的影响。 我们探讨了校正量子资源的策略。 我们表明，在资源理论中的资源保持操作在代码空间上定义了一种规范自由度，这允许恢复策略能够在校正资源的同时改变非必要属性。 这使得解码得以简化。 这些结果适用于各种资源理论，并且我们提供了一个在量子传感中的应用。 显示英文摘要

Resource theories play a crucial role in characterizing states and properties essential for quantum information processing. A significant challenge is protecting resources from errors. We explore strategies for correcting quantum resources. We show that resource preserving operations in resource theory define a gauge freedom on code spaces, which allows for recovery strategies that can correct the resource while changing non-essential properties. This allows decoding to be simplified. The results are applicable to various resource theories and we provide an application to quantum sensing.

[37] arXiv:2511.14154 [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 用于绝热闭合简单热力学系统的几何积分器 显示英文标题

标题： Geometric integrators for adiabatically closed simple thermodynamic systems

Nikolas P. Breuckmann, Shin Ho Choe, Jens Niklas Eberhardt, Francisco Revson Fernandes Pereira, Vincent Steffan

评论： 32页，8张图。预印本已提交至期刊。欢迎提出意见！

主题： 数学物理 (math-ph) ; 数值分析 (math.NA) ; 经典物理 (physics.class-ph) ; 计算物理 (physics.comp-ph)

一种非平衡热力学的变分公式由Gay-Balmaz和Yoshimura开发。 在最近的一篇文章中，本文的前两位作者引入了部分余辛结构作为热力学系统的几何框架，恢复了通过变分得到的演化方程。 在本文中，我们为绝热封闭的简单热力学系统开发了一个离散变分原理，该原理可用于构建此类系统动力学的数值积分器。 我们的方法的有效性通过几个例子进行了说明。 显示英文摘要

A variational formulation for non-equilibrium thermodynamics was developed by Gay-Balmaz and Yoshimura. In a recent article, the first two authors of the present paper introduced partially cosymplectic structures as a geometric framework for thermodynamic systems, recovering the evolution equations obtained variationally. In this paper, we develop a discrete variational principle for adiabatically closed simple thermodynamic systems, which can be utilised to construct numerical integrators for the dynamics of such systems. The effectiveness of our method is illustrated with several examples.

[38] arXiv:2503.07095 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 一种实时处理频率混合光谱的方法：应用于二维晶体中的和频与差频产生 显示英文标题

标题： A real-time approach to frequency-mixing spectroscopies: application to sum and difference frequency generation in two-dimensional crystals

Xuanjing Chu, Jinho Park, Jesse Balgley, Sean Clemons, Ted S. Chung, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Leonardo Ranzani, Martin V. Gustafsson, Kin Chung Fong, James Hone

期刊参考： 科学论文物理 19，129 (2025)

主题： 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ; 中尺度与纳米尺度物理 (cond-mat.mes-hall)

我们提出一种计算框架，在存在多个外部场的情况下，从实时模拟中提取非线性响应函数。 我们将这种方法应用于和频生成（SFG）和差频生成（DFG）的计算。 SFG和DFG是二阶非线性过程，其中两个频率为$ω_1$和$ω_2$的激光结合，产生在频率$ω= ω_1 \pm ω_2$处的响应。 与其他非线性响应如二次谐波生成相比，SFG和DFG允许在更大的范围内进行调谐。 此外，通过选择两个激光频率以匹配特定的电子-空穴跃迁，可以增强光学响应。 为了评估该方法，我们从有效薛定谔方程的实时解中计算了二维晶体hBN和MoS2单层的SFG和DFG。 在有效薛定谔方程中，可以选择不同的理论层次来处理有效单粒子哈密顿量，以考虑局域场效应和电子-空穴相互作用。 我们比较了在独立粒子图像中获得的结果以及包括多体效应的结果。 这种比较使我们能够识别和表征所得光谱中的激子特征。 此外，我们证明该方法还可以提取高阶响应函数，例如场诱导的二次谐波生成。 我们使用hBN双层提供了一个例子。 显示英文摘要

We propose a computational framework to extract non-linear response functions from real-time simulations in the presence of more than one external field. We apply this approach to the calculation of sum frequency generation (SFG) and difference frequency generation (DFG). SFG and DFG are second-order nonlinear processes where two lasers with frequencies $ω_1$ and $ω_2$ combine to produce a response at frequency $ω= ω_1 \pm ω_2$. Compared with other nonlinear responses such as second-harmonic generation, SFG and DFG allow for tunability over a larger range. Moreover, the optical response can be enhanced by selecting the two laser frequencies in order to match specific electron-hole transitions. To assess the approach, we calculate the SFG and DFG of two-dimensional crystals, hBN and MoS2 monolayers, from real-time solution of an effective Schrödinger equation. Within the effective Schrödinger equation, one can select from various levels of theory for the effective one-particle Hamiltonian to account for local-field effects and electron-hole interactions. We compare results obtained within the independent-particle picture and including many-body effects. Such comparison allows us to identify and characterize excitonic features in the obtained spectra. Additionally, we demonstrate that our approach can also extract higher-order response functions, such as field-induced second-harmonic generation. We provide an example using the hBN bilayer.

[39] arXiv:2511.14397 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 信息混淆、量子混沌和哈随机态讲义 显示英文标题

标题： Lecture Notes on Information Scrambling, Quantum Chaos, and Haar-Random States

Benjamin Asch

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

信息混淆，即量子信息扩散并变得有效不可访问的过程，是现代量子统计物理和量子混沌的核心。 这些讲义笔记从静态和动态的角度介绍了信息混淆。 通过酉群的几何学和随机矩阵理论的普遍结果，推导了来自哈随机态的约化密度矩阵的谱性质。 这种几何框架为纠缠和谱统计提供了通用的、与模型无关的预测，无需参考微观细节即可捕捉量子混沌的通用特征。 如谱形因子和时序无关关联函数等动力学诊断方法进一步揭示了时间依赖演化中的混沌出现。 这些笔记面向对量子混沌、信息动力学和量子计算之间联系感兴趣的物理、数学和计算机科学专业的高年级本科生和研究生。 通过随机量子电路和电路复杂度中的实现，介绍了诸如纠缠增长、哈随机性、随机矩阵统计和酉t设计等概念。 同样的数学框架也支撑着现代量子设备的基准测试，其中近似酉设计和随机电路将几何概念转化为定量工具，用于评估真实量子处理器中的保真度、噪声和混淆效率。 显示英文摘要

Information scrambling, the process by which quantum information spreads and becomes effectively inaccessible, is central to modern quantum statistical physics and quantum chaos. These lecture notes provide an introduction to information scrambling from both static and dynamical perspectives. The spectral properties of reduced density matrices arising from Haar-random states are developed through the geometry of the unitary group and the universal results of random matrix theory. This geometric framework yields universal, model-independent predictions for entanglement and spectral statistics, capturing generic features of quantum chaos without reference to microscopic details. Dynamical diagnostics such as the spectral form factor and out-of-time-ordered correlators further reveal the onset of chaos in time-dependent evolution. The notes are aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics, mathematics, and computer science who are interested in the connections between quantum chaos, information dynamics, and quantum computing. Concepts such as entanglement growth, Haar randomness, random-matrix statistics, and unitary t-designs are introduced through their realization in random quantum circuits and circuit complexity. The same mathematical framework also underpins modern quantum-device benchmarking, where approximate unitary designs and random circuits translate geometric ideas into quantitative tools for assessing fidelity, noise, and scrambling efficiency in real quantum processors.

[40] arXiv:2511.14424 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 自相互作用量子粒子和狄拉克δ势 显示英文标题

标题： Self-interacting quantum particles and the Dirac delta potential

Marco Baioletti, Fabrizio Fagiolo, Angelo Oddi, Riccardo Rasconi

评论： 由巴西物理杂志接受

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

在实希尔伯特空间方法中考虑了狄拉克δ函数势，该方法适用于复波函数以及四元数波函数。 如之前所确定的，实希尔伯特空间方法使得自相互作用的物理系统成为可能。 自相互作用排除了束缚态，并且也施加了非定态的量子态，这两种情况代表了在量子波函数中无法观察到的新情况。 这些结果指出了四元数量子力学（$\mathbbm H$QM）与复数量子力学（$\mathbbm C$QM）之间的差异，并且建立了一种求解波动方程的方法，该方法可以应用于各种不同的情况。 显示英文摘要

The Dirac delta function potential is considered within the real Hilbert space approach for complex wave functions, as well as quaternionic wave functions. As has been previously determined, the real Hilbert space approach enables the possibility of self-interacting physical systems. The self-interaction precludes confining states, and also imposes non-stationary quantum states, both of them representing novel situations that cannot be observed in terms of quantum wave functions. These results remark the differences between quaternionic quantum mechanics ($\mathbbm H$QM) and complex quantum mechanics ($\mathbbm C$QM), and also establish a method of solving the wave equation that may be applied to a variety of different cases.

[41] arXiv:2511.14420 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 偏微分方程约束优化的显式块编码 显示英文标题

标题： Explicit block-encoding for partial differential equation-constrained optimization

Lane Boswell, Ying Cao

评论： 22页，13图

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

约束偏微分方程（PDE）的优化问题，在各种应用中出现，如设计、控制和推断，其中优化问题受到PDE约束。解决这类问题计算上很耗时，因为它需要反复求解PDE并在优化过程中使用其解。在本文中，我们首先提出了一种完全一致的量子算法来解决约束PDE的优化问题。所提出的方法结合了一个量子PDE求解器，该求解器将解向量作为量子态准备，并且一个假设对量化目标函数具有预言机访问的量子优化器。核心思想是将目标函数以块编码的形式显式构造预言机，该预言机一致地使用量子PDE求解器的输出。这使我们能够避免经典访问完整解，从而消除量子态层析技术的需求，抵消潜在的量子加速优势。我们还推导了所提出方法的整体计算复杂度，相对于优化和PDE模拟的参数，其中量子加速来自底层的量子PDE求解器。我们通过应用数值验证了所提出方法的有效性，包括Black-Scholes方程中的参数校准问题和波动方程中的材料参数设计问题。这项工作提出了组合量子子程序的概念，使得一个的弱点（即禁止性的读出开销）被另一个的优势（即一致的预言机访问）所抵消，从而实现无瓶颈的量子算法。 显示英文摘要

Partial differential equation (PDE)-constrained optimization, where an optimization problem is subject to PDE constraints, arises in various applications such as design, control, and inference. Solving such problems is computationally demanding because it requires repeatedly solving a PDE and using its solution within an optimization process. In this paper, we first propose a fully coherent quantum algorithm for solving PDE-constrained optimization problems. The proposed method combines a quantum PDE solver that prepares the solution vector as a quantum state, and a quantum optimizer that assumes oracle access to a quantized objective function. The central idea is the explicit construction of the oracle in a form of block-encoding for the objective function, which coherently uses the output of a quantum PDE solver. This enables us to avoid classical access to the full solution that requires quantum state tomography canceling out the potential quantum speedups. We also derive the overall computational complexity of the proposed method with respect to parameters for optimization and PDE simulation, where quantum speedup is inherited from the underlying quantum PDE solver. We numerically demonstrate the validity of the proposed method by applications, including a parameter calibration problem in the Black-Scholes equation and a material parameter design problem in the wave equation. This work presents the concept of composing quantum subroutines so that the weakness of one (i.e., prohibitive readout overhead) is neutralized by the strength of another (i.e., coherent oracle access), toward a bottleneck-free quantum algorithm.

[42] arXiv:2511.14506 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 用量子比特和量子模式模拟2+1维量子电动力学 显示英文标题

标题： Simulating quantum electrodynamics in 2+1 dimensions with qubits and qumodes

Scott Bogner, Heiko Hergert, Morten Hjorth-Jensen, Ryan LaRose, Dean Lee, Matthew Patkowski

评论： 37页，13图，1表

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 高能物理 - 格点 (hep-lat) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 核理论 (nucl-th)

我们开发了一个混合量子比特-连续变量模式框架，用于模拟2+1维的量子电动力学。 在此方法中，费米物质场由量子比特表示，而U(1)规范场则编码在连续变量玻色模式中，其规范正交分量捕捉了理论中的电场和矢势分量。 为了调和连续变量模式的非紧相空间与紧致U(1)规范对称性，我们引入并比较了两种互补的约束强化策略：(i) 一种基于压缩的投影，通过有效修改内积将连续变量模式状态限制在单位圆上，以及(ii) 一种通过惩罚哈密顿量项动态强化紧致性的方法。 我们构建了相应的混合哈密顿量，推导出其分解为实验可访问的量子比特-连续变量模式门，并在解析可处理的单晶格单元极限下分析了其谱结构。 该混合公式再现了正确的规范不变动力学，并提供了一种可扩展的方法，用于在近期混合量子架构上模拟与费米物质耦合的阿贝尔格点规范理论。 使用量子虚时演化（QITE）算法的连续变量扩展，展示了基态制备和收敛性，确立了用于格点规范理论混合离散-连续量子模拟的一般框架。 显示英文摘要

We develop a hybrid qubit-qumode framework for simulating quantum electrodynamics in 2+1 dimensions. In this approach, fermionic matter fields are represented by qubits, while U(1) gauge fields are encoded in continuous-variable bosonic modes whose canonical quadratures capture the electric and vector-potential components of the theory. To reconcile the non-compact phase space of the qumodes with the compact U(1) gauge symmetry, we introduce and compare two complementary constraint-enforcement strategies: (i) a squeezing-based projection that confines qumode states to the unit circle through an effective modification of the inner product, and (ii) a method that dynamically enforces compactness via a penalty Hamiltonian term. We construct the corresponding hybrid Hamiltonian, derive its decomposition into experimentally accessible qubit-qumode gates, and analyze its spectrum in the analytically tractable single-plaquette limit. The hybrid formulation reproduces the correct gauge-invariant dynamics and provides a scalable route toward simulating Abelian lattice gauge theories coupled to fermionic matter on near-term hybrid quantum architectures. Ground-state preparation and convergence are demonstrated using a continuous-variable extension of the Quantum Imaginary Time Evolution (QITE) algorithm, establishing a general framework for hybrid discrete-continuous quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories.

[43] arXiv:2511.14081 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 二维三角晶格上具有最近邻和次近邻相互作用的反铁磁伊辛模型的机器学习研究 显示英文标题

标题： A Machine Learning study of the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Ising model with nearest and next-to-nearest interactions on the triangular lattice

Hao Zhang, Matthew Otten

评论： 12页，15图

主题： 高能物理 - 格点 (hep-lat) ; 统计力学 (cond-mat.stat-mech)

我们研究了在三角晶格上，具有最近邻$J_1$和次近邻$J_2$相互作用的二维反铁磁伊辛模型在$J_2/J_1 = 0.1, 0.5$和 1.0 时的相变。 采用监督神经网络（NN）的方法进行研究。 虽然使用了监督 NN，但训练过程中不需要真实的自旋构型。 此外，考虑了两种自旋以交错模式排列的构型作为训练集。 值得注意的是，通过这种非常规的训练策略，不仅准确计算出了所研究的$J_2/J_1$的临界温度，还正确确定了所研究相变的性质。 具体来说，与$J_2/J_1 = 0.1, 0.5$和 1.0 相关的相变是一阶的。 这些结论与其他方法得到的已知结果一致。 由于训练策略简单，NN 计算非常高效。 仍有待检验本文考虑的非常规训练方法是否可用于研究其他具有非典型相变或非平凡基态构型的模型。 显示英文摘要

We study the phase transitions of the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Ising model with nearest $J_1$ and next-to-nearest $J_2$ interactions on the triangular lattice for $J_2/J_1 = 0.1, 0.5$ and 1.0. The method of supervised neural networks (NN) is employed for the investigation. While supervised NN is used, no real spin configurations are needed for the training. In addition, two kinds of configurations having their spins be arranged in a staggered pattern are considered as the training set. Remarkably, with this unconventional training strategy, not only the critical temperatures of the studied $J_2/J_1$ are computed accurately by the resulting NN, but also the nature of the investigated phase transitions are determined correctly. Specifically, the phase transitions associated with $J_2/J_1 = 0.1, 0.5$ and 1.0 are first order. These conclusions are consistent with the known results obtained by other methods. Since the training strategy is simple, the NN calculations is highly efficient. It remains to examine whether the unconventional training approach considered in this study can be used to investigate other models with untypical phase transitions or with nontrivial ground state configurations.

[44] arXiv:2410.02583 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 适用于一维结构量子态的高效样本量子态层析术 显示英文标题

标题： Sample-Efficient Quantum State Tomography for Structured Quantum States in One Dimension

Paul Renault, Patrick Yard, Raphael Pooser, Hussain Zaidi

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 信息论 (cs.IT) ; 信号处理 (eess.SP) ; 优化与控制 (math.OC)

虽然量子态层析成像（QST）仍然是基准测试和验证量子设备的黄金标准，但对于通用的量子多体系统，它需要指数级大量的测量和经典计算资源，即使对于中等规模的量子设备来说也是不切实际的。 幸运的是，许多物理量子态通常表现出某种低维结构，这使得高效的QST成为可能。 一个显著的例子是矩阵乘积算子（MPO）类态，其具有有限的矩阵/键维数，包括一维中的大多数物理态，其中描述这些态的独立参数数量仅随量子比特数量线性增长。 对于一般的MPO态，是否存在一种样本高效的量子态层析成像协议，其中所需的态副本数量仅随描述态的参数数量线性增长，仍然是一个重要的开放问题。 在本文中，我们通过使用一类信息完备的正算子值测度（IC-POVMs）——包括对称IC-POVMs（SIC-POVMs）和球面$t$-设计——来肯定地回答这个基本问题，专注于样本复杂度，而不考虑测量设置的实现复杂度。 对于SIC-POVMs和（近似）球面2-设计，我们证明了保证MPO态的有约束最小二乘估计器的有界恢复误差所需的态副本数量取决于MPO在POVM下的概率分布，但当分布近似均匀时，仅与$n$线性相关。 对于球面$t$-设计且$t\geq 3$时，我们证明了只需与MPO中独立参数数量成比例的态副本数量就足以保证由MPO表示的任何态的可靠恢复。 显示英文摘要

While quantum state tomography (QST) remains the gold standard for benchmarking and verifying quantum devices, it requires an exponentially large number of measurements and classical computational resources for generic quantum many-body systems, making it impractical even for intermediate-size quantum devices. Fortunately, many physical quantum states often exhibit certain low-dimensional structures that enable the development of efficient QST. A notable example is the class of states represented by matrix product operators (MPOs) with a finite matrix/bond dimension, which include most physical states in one dimension and where the number of independent parameters describing the states only grows linearly with the number of qubits. Whether a sample efficient quantum state tomography protocol, where the number of required state copies scales only linearly as the number of parameters describing the state, exists for a generic MPO state still remains an important open question. In this paper, we answer this fundamental question affirmatively by using a class of informationally complete positive operator-valued measures (IC-POVMs) -- including symmetric IC-POVMs (SIC-POVMs) and spherical $t$-designs -- focusing on sample complexity while not accounting for the implementation complexity of the measurement settings. For SIC-POVMs and (approximate) spherical 2-designs, we show that the number of state copies to guarantee bounded recovery error of an MPO state with a constrained least-squares estimator depends on the probability distribution of the MPO under the POVM but scales only linearly with $n$ when the distribution is approximately uniform. For spherical $t$-designs with $t\geq 3$, we prove that only a number of state copies proportional to the number of independent parameters in the MPO is sufficient for a guaranteed recovery of any state represented by an MPO.

[45] arXiv:2511.13882 [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 混合连续-离散变量量子计算：实用指南 显示英文标题

标题： Hybrid continuous-discrete-variable quantum computing: a guide to utility

Maxime Lapointe-Major, Boyan Torosov, Bohdan Kulchytskyy, Pooya Ronagh

评论： 28页，9图

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

量子计算传统上集中在离散变量范式上。 一个新的方向是包括连续变量模式，并考虑一种混合的连续-离散方法来进行量子计算。 在本文中，我们讨论了这种模式的一些优势，并列举了一些可以利用它的潜在应用；这些包括来自物理学、化学和计算机科学的应用。 我们还简要概述了这一新范式的一些算法和软件方面的考虑。 显示英文摘要

Quantum computing has traditionally centered around the discrete variable paradigm. A new direction is the inclusion of continuous variable modes and the consideration of a hybrid continuous-discrete approach to quantum computing. In this paper, we discuss some of the advantages of this modality, and lay out a number of potential applications that can make use of it; these include applications from physics, chemistry, and computer science. We also briefly overview some of the algorithmic and software considerations for this new paradigm.

交叉提交 (展示 14 之 14 条目 )

[46] arXiv:2511.13822 (交叉列表自 quant-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 量子计算机中多体纠缠分割的检测 显示英文标题

标题： Detection of many-body entanglement partitions in a quantum computer

José Balduque, Rafael Sánchez

评论： 19页，3张图，欢迎提出意见

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我们提出一种方法，通过利用多体量子系统的固有对称性来检测纠缠划分。 如真正多体纠缠、$m$-可分性和纠缠深度等结构被检测为非常特殊的情况。 这种表述使我们能够表征所有三体和四体态以及具有单位和排列对称性的见证者的所有纠缠划分。 特别是，我们在其中找到并参数化了一组完整的束缚纠缠态。 对于更大的系统，我们提供了一大类解析见证者，可以检测任意大小的多体态，其中任何一个粒子都无法与其他粒子分离。 该方法依赖于弱舒尔采样和投影测量，因此可以在量子计算机上实现。 除了物理学之外，我们的结果还扩展到数学文献：我们建立了矩阵不变量之间的新不等式，并表征了三阶和四阶矩阵的此类不等式的集合。 显示英文摘要

We present a method to detect entanglement partitions of multipartite quantum systems, by exploiting their inherent symmetries. Structures like genuinely multipartite entanglement, $m$-separability and entanglement depth are detected as very special cases. This formulation enables us to characterize all the entanglement partitions of all three- and four- partite states and witnesses with unitary and permutation symmetry. In particular, we find and parametrize a complete set of bound entangled states therein. For larger systems, we provide a large family of analytical witnesses detecting many-body states of arbitrary size where none of the parties is separable from the rest. This method relies on weak Schur sampling with projective measurements, and thus can be implemented in a quantum computer. Beyond physics, our results extend to the mathematical literature: we establish new inequalities between matrix immanants, and characterize the set of such inequalities for matrices of size three and four.

[47] arXiv:2511.13814 (交叉列表自 gr-qc) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 扭曲渐近平坦时空 显示英文标题

标题： Twisting asymptotically-flat spacetimes

Feng-Li Lin, Sayid Mondal

评论： 57页

主题： 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

我们将Bondi形式推广以描述渐近平坦的时空，其中外向零测地线族不是超曲面正交的，即具有非零的扭曲。 在Newman-Penrose形式中，扭曲$\text{Im}(ρ)$由位于横向零双矢量$(m,\bar{m})$中的扭曲势源产生，而在度规形式中，该势来源于$g_{ra}\neq0$。 我们解释如何安排并求解此类广义线元的爱因斯坦方程，从而将Bondi层次结构扩展到具有非零扭曲的渐近平坦时空。 我们推导了所有与Bondi规范下渐近平坦时空相关的著名特性，如解空间、通量平衡定律、渐近对称性和变换规律的扭曲推广。 扭曲势自然地可以解释为Carroll联络，它作为额外的渐近对称性产生Carroll提升。 具有非零扭曲的Bondi规范的一个优势是，它允许以明显有限径向展开的方式写出代数特殊解，并且具有重复的主要零方向，使得$Ψ_0=Ψ_1=0$。 这尤其适用于Kerr-Taub-NUT解。 代数特殊解的渐近对称性也具有有限的径向展开，这使得可以非常直接地研究超平移的Schwarzschild解及其电荷。 我们预计这些结果将在代数特殊解的平坦全息理论的发展及其扰动的研究中找到应用。 我们还研究了具有非零宇宙常数的三维时空中的扭曲类似物，并发现了一个8维的解空间，该空间涵盖了并推广了文献中的现有结果。 显示英文摘要

We extend the Bondi formalism to describe asymptotically-flat spacetimes where the outgoing null geodesic congruence is not hypersurface-orthogonal, i.e. has a non-vanishing twist. In the Newman-Penrose formulation, the twist $\text{Im}(ρ)$ is sourced by a twist potential sitting in the transverse null dyad $(m,\bar{m})$, while in the metric formulation this potential arises from $g_{ra}\neq0$. We explain how to arrange and solve the Einstein equations for such generalized line elements, thereby providing an extension of the Bondi hierarchy to asymptotically-flat spacetimes with non-vanishing twist. We work out the twisting generalizations of all the well-known features pertaining to asymptotically-flat spacetimes in Bondi gauge, such as the solution space, the flux-balance laws, the asymptotic symmetries, and the transformation laws. The twist potential has a natural Carrollian interpretation as an Ehresmann connection, and gives rise to Carroll boosts as extra asymptotic symmetries. One of the advantages of the Bondi gauge with non-vanishing twist is that it allows to write algebraically special solutions in a manifestly finite radial expansion, and with a repeated principal null direction such that $Ψ_0=Ψ_1=0$. This is in particular the case for the Kerr-Taub-NUT solution. The asymptotic symmetries of algebraically special solutions also have a finite radial expansion, which enables to study the supertranslated Schwarzschild solution and its charges quite straightforwardly. We expect that these results will find applications in the development of flat holography for algebraically special solutions and in the study of their perturbations. We also study an analogue of the twist in three-dimensional spacetimes with non-vanishing cosmological constant, and find an 8-dimensional solution space which encompasses and generalizes the existing results in the literature.

[48] arXiv:2511.14318 (交叉列表自 physics.ed-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 2025年科学教育研究中人工智能研讨会报告 显示英文标题

标题： Report on the Scoping Workshop on AI in Science Education Research 2025

Elso Drigo Filho, Regina Maria Ricotta

主题： 物理教育 (physics.ed-ph) ; 计算机与社会 (cs.CY)

本报告总结了为期两天的国际范围研讨会的成果，该研讨会探讨了人工智能（AI）在科学教育研究中的作用。 随着人工智能迅速重塑科学实践、课堂教学和研究方法，该领域既面临新的机遇，也面临重大挑战。 本报告明确了关键的人工智能概念，以减少歧义，并回顾了人工智能如何影响科学工作、教学实践和学科学习的证据。 它确定了人工智能与科学教育研究的主要领域之间的交汇点，包括课程开发、评估、认识论认知、包容性以及教师专业发展，突出了人工智能可以支持人类推理的情况以及可能对公平性或有效性带来风险的情况。 本报告还探讨了人工智能如何在定量、定性、民族志和基于设计的传统方法中转变研究方法，催生了结合人类和计算优势的混合分析形式。 为了指导负责任的整合，引入了一种系统思维的启发式方法，帮助研究人员考虑利益相关者的需求、潜在风险和伦理约束。 本报告最后提出了针对培训、基础设施和标准的可操作建议，并为资助者、政策制定者、专业组织和学术系提供了指导。 目标是支持在科学教育研究中原则性和方法学严谨的人工智能使用。 显示英文摘要

This report summarizes the outcomes of a two-day international scoping workshop on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in science education research. As AI rapidly reshapes scientific practice, classroom learning, and research methods, the field faces both new opportunities and significant challenges. The report clarifies key AI concepts to reduce ambiguity and reviews evidence of how AI influences scientific work, teaching practices, and disciplinary learning. It identifies how AI intersects with major areas of science education research, including curriculum development, assessment, epistemic cognition, inclusion, and teacher professional development, highlighting cases where AI can support human reasoning and cases where it may introduce risks to equity or validity. The report also examines how AI is transforming methodological approaches across quantitative, qualitative, ethnographic, and design-based traditions, giving rise to hybrid forms of analysis that combine human and computational strengths. To guide responsible integration, a systems-thinking heuristic is introduced that helps researchers consider stakeholder needs, potential risks, and ethical constraints. The report concludes with actionable recommendations for training, infrastructure, and standards, along with guidance for funders, policymakers, professional organizations, and academic departments. The goal is to support principled and methodologically sound use of AI in science education research.

[49] arXiv:2511.14678 (交叉列表自 cond-mat.mtrl-sci) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 硅中飞秒隧穿电离的巨增强与无序驱动的退相干相竞争 显示英文标题

标题： Giant enhancement of attosecond tunnel ionization competes with disorder-driven decoherence in silicon

Mahmoud Jalali Mehrabad, Alireza Parhizkar, Lida Xu, Gregory Moille, Avik Dutt, Dirk Englund, Kartik Srinivasan, Daniel Leykam, Mohammad Hafezi

主题： 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)

高次谐波产生（HHG）是一种强场现象，对固体中电子-空穴对的隧穿电离和相干传输的阿托秒动力学非常敏感。 尽管固体HHG的基础已经确立，但对亚周期时间尺度上退相干本质的深入理解仍然难以捉摸。 此外，对在纳米尺度上控制电离的工具需求日益增加。 在这里，我们研究了沿晶体到非晶（c-Si到a-Si）结构相变的硅中的HHG，并观察到光谱的显著重塑，低阶谐波产率增强，而高阶谐波则被抑制。 模拟实空间量子动力学将我们的观察与非晶相中隧穿电离产率的巨大增强（>250倍）以及由无序引起的退相干联系起来，这种退相干在大约六个晶格位点内阻尼了电子-空穴极化。 HHG光谱还揭示了传统探测器未显示的残留有序性。 最后，我们观察到非晶硅岛的快速且有针对性的非共振激光退火。 我们的结果为强场现象中的阿托秒退相干提供了独特的见解，确立了HHG光谱作为结构无序探测工具，并为光波纳米电子学的新机遇铺平了道路。 显示英文摘要

High-harmonic generation (HHG) is a strong-field phenomenon that is sensitive to the attosecond dynamics of tunnel ionization and coherent transport of electron-hole pairs in solids. While the foundations of solid HHG have been established, a deep understanding into the nature of decoherence on sub-cycle timescales remains elusive. Furthermore, there is a growing need for tools to control ionization at the nanoscale. Here, we study HHG in silicon along a crystalline-to-amorphous (c-Si to a-Si) structural phase transition and observe a dramatic reshaping of the spectrum, with enhanced lower-order harmonic yield accompanied by quenching of the higher-order harmonics. Modelling the real-space quantum dynamics links our observations to a giant enhancement (>250 times) of tunnel ionization yield in the amorphous phase and a disorder-induced decoherence that damps the electron-hole polarization over approximately six lattice sites. HHG spectroscopy also reveals remnant order that was not apparent with conventional probes. Finally, we observe a rapid and targeted non-resonant laser annealing of amorphous silicon islands. Our results offer a unique insight into attosecond decoherence in strong-field phenomena, establish HHG spectroscopy as a probe of structural disorder, and pave the way for new opportunities in lightwave nanoelectronics.

[50] arXiv:2511.14253 (交叉列表自 cond-mat.mtrl-sci) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 石墨烯氧化物的比热容：压缩和热退火的影响 显示英文标题

标题： Heat Capacity of Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide: Compaction and Thermal Annealing Effects

Aswin Parayil Mana, Yaman Sanghavi

主题： 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ; 中尺度与纳米尺度物理 (cond-mat.mes-hall)

我们对热还原石墨烯氧化物（trGO）的低温比热容进行了全面研究，研究结果作为压缩压力和退火温度的函数。 石墨烯氧化物采用改进的Hummers方法合成，并随后在真空环境下在300°C、500°C和700°C下进行热还原，以系统地改变氧含量和结构有序性。 2-300 K范围内的比热数据表明，热响应由声子主导，包括一种类似施托克型异常、与缺陷相关的线性项、德拜项以及一个与面外弯曲（ZA）声子相关的负系数色散项。 增加压缩压力会改变层间耦合，并导致比热的非单调变化，而较高的退火温度会增强石墨化，减少无序并改变声子色散。 没有出现玻色子峰——类似于在碳纳米管中观察到的——这支持了二维振动模式的主导地位。 这些发现阐明了维度、结构无序性和加工参数之间的关系，从而塑造了trGO的声子动力学，为在先进碳基功能材料中调节其热行为提供了指导。 显示英文摘要

We present a comprehensive investigation of the low-temperature heat capacity of thermally reduced graphene oxide (trGO) as a function of compaction pressure and annealing temperature. Graphene oxide was synthesized using a modified Hummers method and subsequently thermally reduced at 300\,°C, 500\,°C, and 700\,°C under vacuum to systematically vary the oxygen content and structural ordering. The specific heat data in the 2--300\,K range reveal that the thermal response is governed by phonons, including contributions from a Schottky-type anomaly, a defect-related linear term, a Debye term, and a dispersive term with a negative coefficient associated with out-of-plane flexural (ZA) phonons. Increasing compaction pressure alters interlayer coupling and leads to non-monotonic changes in heat capacity, while higher annealing temperatures enhance graphitization, reduce disorder, and modify phonon dispersion. The absence of a boson peak -- similar to that observed in carbon nanotubes -- supports the dominance of two-dimensional vibrational modes. These findings elucidate the relationship between dimensionality, structural disorder, and processing parameters in shaping the phonon dynamics of trGO, providing guidance for tailoring its thermal behavior in advanced carbon-based functional materials.

[51] arXiv:2511.03775 (交叉列表自 hep-th) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 主题的变奏——克雷洛夫 显示英文标题

标题： Variations on a Theme of Krylov

Edilberto O. Silva

评论： 66页，16图，v2引用已添加

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 统计力学 (cond-mat.stat-mech) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

传播复杂性利用随时间演化的状态在Krylov基中的支持分布来量化希尔伯特空间可访问维度之间的扩散。 在这里，我们描述初始条件、哈密顿量和希尔伯特空间维度的变化如何影响传播复杂性和Krylov基结构。 我们引入了Koherence，即扰动和未扰动Krylov基之间的相干性熵，例如，它可以量化混沌中初始条件差异的动力学放大。 为了说明这一点，我们展示了在SL(2,R)、SU(2)和海森堡-维格纳群流形上的动力学，这些常被用作对比混沌和可积（半）经典行为的典型设置，对初始状态或哈密顿量的变化表现出明显不同的响应。 然后我们描述了一个显示传播复杂性线性增长的晶格模型，在有限晶格中达到饱和，在热力学极限下则无限持续。 后一个例子说明了在有限量子系统中，复杂性增长的连续体/经典有效描述的失效。 显示英文摘要

Spread complexity uses the distribution of support of a time-evolving state in the Krylov basis to quantify dispersal across accessible dimensions of a Hilbert space. Here, we describe how variations in initial conditions, the Hamiltonian, and the dimension of the Hilbert space affect spread complexity and Krylov basis structure. We introduce Koherence, the entropy of coherence between perturbed and unperturbed Krylov bases, which can, e.g., quantify dynamical amplification of differences in initial conditions in chaos. To illustrate, we show that dynamics on SL(2,R), SU(2), and Heisenberg-Weyl group manifolds, often used as paradigmatic settings for contrasting chaotic and integrable (semi-)classical behavior, display distinctively different responses to variations of the initial state or Hamiltonian. We then describe a lattice model that displays linear growth of spread complexity, saturating for bounded lattices and continuing forever in a thermodynamic limit. The latter example illustrates a breakdown of continuum/classical effective descriptions of complexity growth in bounded quantum systems.

[52] arXiv:2509.08557 (交叉列表自 cond-mat.stat-mech) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 一维伊辛模型在尺度极限下的约束关联函数 显示英文标题

标题： Constraint correlation functions of the one-dimensional Ising model in the scaling limit

Ryogo Hara, Shimpei Endo, Shion Yamashika

评论： v1) 11页，3图；v2) 12页，5图，一些小错误已更正

期刊参考： 物理评论E 112, 054127 (2025)

主题： 统计力学 (cond-mat.stat-mech)

我们研究固定磁化强度下一维伊辛模型的相关函数。 聚焦于接近零温度固定点的标度极限，我们表明，此相关函数在动量空间中，作为磁化强度的函数表现出令人惊讶的振荡。 我们表明这些振荡的周期与动量成反比，并从畴壁的角度进行解释。 这与恒定磁场中相关函数的行为形成鲜明对比，并为最近通过蒙特卡洛模拟获得的固定磁化强度下临界二维伊辛模型相关函数的结果提供了见解。 显示英文摘要

We study the correlation function of the one-dimensional Ising model at fixed magnetization. Focusing on the scaling limit close to the zero-temperature fixed point, we show that this correlation function, in momentum space, exhibits surprising oscillations as a function of the magnetization. We show that these oscillations have a period inversely proportional to the momentum and give an interpretation in terms of domain walls. This is in sharp contrast with the behavior of the correlation function in constant magnetic fields, and sheds light on recent results obtained by Monte Carlo simulations for the correlation functions of the critical two-dimensional Ising model at fixed magnetization.

[53] arXiv:2412.18067 (交叉列表自 cond-mat.mtrl-sci) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 实现的自动化材料发现平台：组合库的扫描探针显微镜 显示英文标题

标题： Automated Materials Discovery Platform Realized: Scanning Probe Microscopy of Combinatorial Libraries

Kai-Xuan Zhang, Seungbok Lee, Woonghee Cho, Je-Geun Park

主题： 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ; 中尺度与纳米尺度物理 (cond-mat.mes-hall) ; 人工智能 (cs.AI)

组合材料库为映射多组分相图中二元和三元截面的物理性质演变提供了一个强大的平台。 尽管自20世纪60年代以来，这种库的合成已经取得进展，并且由于实验室自动化而加快了速度，但它们更广泛的应用取决于对组成依赖的结构和功能进行快速、定量的测量。 扫描探针显微技术（SPM），包括压电响应力显微镜（PFM），提供了这些功能相关的、空间分辨读数的独特潜力。 在这里，我们展示了一个完全自动化的SPM框架，用于探索组合库中的铁电特性，重点研究二元Sm掺杂BiFeO3（SmBFO）和三元Al$_{1-x-y}$Sc$_x$B$_y$N（Al,Sc,B）N体系。 在SmBFO中，自动探索识别了已知的形态相边界，具有增强的铁电响应，并揭示了一种以前未报告的双峰精细结构。 在（Al,Sc,B）N库中，铁电行为在相稳定性边界处出现，并与形貌和缺陷浓度的变化相关。 通过将自动SPM与波长色散光谱（WDS）和光致发光成像相结合，我们解析了导致铁电响应的组成-形貌-缺陷-性能关系，并展示了一条通往多工具、高通量表征平台的路径。 最后，我们实施了基于高斯过程的单目标和多目标贝叶斯优化，以实现自主探索，突出帕累托前沿作为平衡竞争性物理奖励的强大框架，并加速数据驱动的物理发现。 显示英文摘要

Combinatorial materials libraries provide a powerful platform for mapping how physical properties evolve across binary and ternary cross-sections of multicomponent phase diagrams. While synthesis of such libraries has advanced since the 1960s and been accelerated by laboratory automation, their broader utility depends on rapid, quantitative measurements of composition-dependent structures and functionalities. Scanning probe microscopies (SPM), including piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), offer unique potential for providing these functionally relevant, spatially resolved readouts. Here, we demonstrate a fully automated SPM framework for exploring ferroelectric properties across combinatorial libraries, focusing on binary Sm-doped BiFeO3 (SmBFO) and ternary Al$_{1-x-y}$Sc$_x$B$_y$N (Al,Sc,B)N systems. In SmBFO, automated exploration identifies the known morphotropic phase boundary with enhanced ferroelectric response and reveals a previously unreported double-peak fine structure. In the (Al,Sc,B)N library, ferroelectric behavior emerges at the phase-stability boundary, correlating with variations in morphology and defect concentration. By integrating automated SPM with wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) and photoluminescence mapping, we resolve the composition-morphology-defect-property relationships underlying ferroelectric response and demonstrate a pathway toward a multi-tool, high-throughput characterization platform. Finally, we implement Gaussian-process-based single- and multi-objective Bayesian optimization to enable autonomous exploration, highlighting the Pareto front as a powerful framework for balancing competing physical rewards and accelerating data-driven physics discovery.

[54] arXiv:2511.14268 (交叉列表自 physics.comp-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 基于切片-Wasserstein度量和神经网络的异质材料统计可控制微观结构重建框架 显示英文标题

标题： Statistically controllable microstructure reconstruction framework for heterogeneous materials using sliced-Wasserstein metric and neural networks

Chinonso Onah, Roman Firt, Kristel Michielsen

主题： 计算物理 (physics.comp-ph) ; 机器学习 (cs.LG)

异质多孔材料在各种工程系统中起着关键作用。微观结构表征和重建为建模这些材料提供了有效手段，这对于进行物理性质模拟、结构-性能关联研究以及在不同应用中提高其性能至关重要。为了在小样本量下实现更优的可控性和适用性，我们提出了一种统计可控的微观结构重建框架，该框架结合了神经网络与切片-Wasserstein度量。具体来说，我们的方法利用局部模式分布进行微观结构表征，并采用受控采样策略生成满足给定条件参数的目标分布。基于神经网络的模型建立了从输入分布到目标局部模式分布的映射，实现了微观结构的重建。切片-Wasserstein度量与梯度优化技术的结合最小化了这些分布之间的距离，从而得到稳定可靠的模型。我们的方法即使在小样本量下也能执行随机且可控的重建任务。此外，它还可以通过分块策略生成大尺寸（例如512和1024）的3D微观结构。通过引入空间位置掩码，我们的方法在生成空间异质和复杂的微观结构方面表现出色。我们在多种材料上进行了随机重建、可控重建、异质重建和大尺寸微观结构重建的实验。通过可视化、统计度量和物理性质模拟的比较分析，证明了方法的有效性，为结构-性能关联和材料逆向设计的研究提供了新的见解和可能性。 显示英文摘要

Heterogeneous porous materials play a crucial role in various engineering systems. Microstructure characterization and reconstruction provide effective means for modeling these materials, which are critical for conducting physical property simulations, structure-property linkage studies, and enhancing their performance across different applications. To achieve superior controllability and applicability with small sample sizes, we propose a statistically controllable microstructure reconstruction framework that integrates neural networks with sliced-Wasserstein metric. Specifically, our approach leverages local pattern distribution for microstructure characterization and employs a controlled sampling strategy to generate target distributions that satisfy given conditional parameters. A neural network-based model establishes the mapping from the input distribution to the target local pattern distribution, enabling microstructure reconstruction. Combinations of sliced-Wasserstein metric and gradient optimization techniques minimize the distance between these distributions, leading to a stable and reliable model. Our method can perform stochastic and controllable reconstruction tasks even with small sample sizes. Additionally, it can generate large-size (e.g. 512 and 1024) 3D microstructures using a chunking strategy. By introducing spatial location masks, our method excels at generating spatially heterogeneous and complex microstructures. We conducted experiments on stochastic reconstruction, controllable reconstruction, heterogeneous reconstruction, and large-size microstructure reconstruction across various materials. Comparative analysis through visualization, statistical measures, and physical property simulations demonstrates the effectiveness, providing new insights and possibilities for research on structure-property linkage and material inverse design.

[55] arXiv:2511.12622 (交叉列表自 hep-th) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： IR/UV混合来自标量场中的高阶相互作用 显示英文标题

标题： IR/UV mixing from higher-order interactions in a Scalar Field

Sourav Ballav, Chi-Hsien Tai, Wen-Yu Wen

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 广义相对论与量子宇宙学 (gr-qc)

众所周知，当用截断进行正则化时，计算得到的宇宙学常数与测量值相差极大。 这些计算是基于通常设定在普朗克尺度的波矢量截断。 此外，温伯格的不可能定理表明，在存在平移不变性的前提下，局部量子场论无法在不精细调节的情况下产生零宇宙学常数。 已经构建了多种非局域理论，从对爱因斯坦方程的修改开始，以“抵消”宇宙学常数项。 还有一种由科尔曼提出的著名理论，该理论假设可以计算通过虫洞连接的婴儿宇宙的概率分布函数，在某些假设下，该常数的最可能值为零。 本文从四维量子场论出发，通过将场限制在一个盒子中来破坏平移不变性，并添加了一个在计数幂次上为边缘的非线性、动量依赖项，在高能极限下，该项主导了二次项产生的动力学。 它立即产生了一个适用于该理论的波矢量截断方程——该方程让人联想到紫外/红外混合，对于宇宙大小的盒子来说，它有效地大幅降低了截断。 然而，正如将要展示的那样，对于常规粒子物理实验相关的盒子来说，波矢量截断要大得多，实际上就是普朗克尺度，因此与当前实验（包括卡西米尔效应）没有冲突。 我们考虑了这些附加项的几种可能性，并得出结论，只有一种与低截断有关。 我们还与最近的DESI结果建立了联系。 显示英文摘要

It is well known that the calculated cosmological constant, when regularized with a cutoff, differs hugely from the measured value. These calculations are made on the basis of a wave-vector cut-off that is usually set at the Planck scale. Further, Weinberg's no-go theorem indicates that in the presence of translational invariance, local quantum field theories cannot produce a zero cosmological constant without fine-tuning. Various non-local theories have been constructed, starting from modifications to Einstein's equations, in order to `cancel' away the cosmological constant term. There is also a well-known theory, due to Coleman, that assumes one can compute a probability distribution function for baby universes connected by wormholes that has the most probable value of the constant to be zero under some assumptions. The current paper starts from a QFT in 4-dimensions, breaks translational invariance by confining the fields to a box and adds a marginal (in power-counting terms) non-linear, momentum-dependent term that dominates the dynamics produced by the quadratic terms in the high-energy limit. It immediately produces an equation for the wave-vector cutoff applicable to the theory - the equation is reminiscent of that from UV/IR mixing and it effectively lowers the cutoff massively for a box the size of the Universe. However, as will be shown, the wave-vector cutoff for a box relevant for regular particle physics experiments is much larger, in fact, the Planck scale, so there is no conflict with current experiments, including the Casimir effect. We consider several possibilities for these additional terms and conclude that only one is relevant to a low cut-off. We also make a connection to the recent DESI results.

[56] arXiv:2511.13748 (交叉列表自 quant-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 量子物理的微观理论 显示英文标题

标题： Microscopic theory of quantum physics

W. Michael Brown, Anurag Ramesh, Thomas Lubinski, Thien Nguyen, David E. Bernal Neira

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我提出一个微观框架，其中量子现象源于由牛顿第二运动定律支配的粒子间相互作用。 在此方法中，粒子在箱中的定态和量子化能级自然出现。 同样的动力学再现了双缝实验中的干涉条纹。 最后，我从基本原理推导出薛定谔方程。 显示英文摘要

I present a microscopic framework in which quantum phenomena emerge from particle-particle interactions governed by Newton's second law of motion. Within this approach, stationary states and quantized energy spectra arise naturally for the particle in a box. The same dynamics reproduces interference fringes in the double-slit experiment. Finally, I derive the Schrödinger equation from the underlying principles.

[57] arXiv:2511.14699 (交叉列表自 math-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 纯间隙基态的自旋链是短程纠缠的 显示英文标题

标题： Pure gapped ground states of spin chains are short-range entangled

Wojciech De Roeck, Martin Fraas, Bruno de O. Carvalho

评论： 16页

主题： 数学物理 (math-ph) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我们考虑具有有限范围哈密顿量的自旋链。 为了简化起见，链条被取为无限长。 如果其GNS哈密顿量有一个唯一的基态，并且该基态与其他谱部分之间存在一个间隙，则该基态被称为唯一的能隙基态。 通过结合近年来发展的一些强大技术，我们证明每个唯一的能隙基态都是短程纠缠的：它可以通过由具有指数准局部相互作用项的哈密顿量生成的有限时间演化映射映射到一个乘积态。 这一结论明确了常见的信念，即一维能隙系统在体内是拓扑平凡的。 显示英文摘要

We consider spin chains with a finite range Hamiltonian. For reasons of simplicity, the chain is taken to be infinitely long. A ground state is said to be a unique gapped ground state if its GNS Hamiltonian has a unique ground state, separated by a gap from the rest of the spectrum. By combining some powerful techniques developed in the last years, we prove that each unique gapped ground state is short-range entangled: It can be mapped into a product state by a finite time evolution map generated by a Hamiltonian with exponentially quasi-local interaction terms. This claim makes precise the common belief that one-dimensional gapped systems are topologically trivial in the bulk.

[58] arXiv:2511.14701 (交叉列表自 physics.atom-ph) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 静态实验室框架中被捕获分子离子的极化用于CP破坏搜索 显示英文标题

标题： Static Laboratory-Frame Polarization of a Trapped Molecular Ion for CP-Violation Searches

Fabian Wolf

主题： 原子物理 (physics.atom-ph) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

当今最敏感的检测CP破坏永久电偶极矩(EDM)的实验依赖于分子光谱学。 高灵敏度来自于与分子组成成分相互作用的强内部电场。 对于分子离子来说，长期以来人们认为利用直流电场的静态极化实验是不可行的，因为离子的电荷会将其移至无电场区域或将其从捕集器中弹出。 这一限制似乎使得单离子量子逻辑钟——目前最精确的测量设备之一——与EDM测量不兼容。 在这里，我们证明，在典型的捕集条件下，具有小$Ω/Λ$-双倍的重分子离子可以在保罗捕集器中被静态电场极化而保持被捕集。 这种效应源于静电力和捕集器的辐射压之间的抵消，导致离子经历直流电场分量的平衡位置。 动态解耦可以在单个分子中实现共磁计方案，并提供长时间的探测时间。 这将允许在静态电场中运行量子逻辑分子射频钟，从而对EDMs具有灵敏度。 仅使用少量离子和非破坏性检测技术为使用高度敏感、稀有和放射性分子物种以及量子增强的计量方案提供了途径，以实现前所未有的精度和准确度。 显示英文摘要

Today's most sensitive experiments for detecting CP-violating permanent electric dipole moments (EDM) rely on molecular spectroscopy. The high sensitivity arises from large internal electric fields that interact with the constituents of the molecule. For molecular ions it has long been assumed that experiments with static polarization from dc electric fields are infeasible, as the ion's charge would either shift it to a field free region or eject it from the trap. This constraint appears to make single ion quantum-logic clocks, among the most precise measurement devices available, incompatible with EDM measurements. Here, we demonstrate that, under typical trapping conditions, heavy molecular ions with small $Ω/Λ$-doubling can be polarized by a static electric field while remaining confined in the Paul trap. This effect arises from a cancellation between the electrostatic force and the trap's ponderomotive force, resulting in an equilibrium position where the ion experiences a dc electric field component. Dynamic decoupling allows to implement co-magnetometry schemes in a single molecule and provides long interrogation times. This will allow the operation of a quantum-logic molecular radio-frequency clock in static electric fields, providing sensitivity to EDMs. Working with only a few ions and non-destructive detection techniques opens the door to the use of highly sensitive, rare, and radioactive molecular species as well as quantum-enhanced metrology schemes to achieve unprecedented levels of accuracy and precision.

[59] arXiv:2505.11021 (交叉列表自 cond-mat.mtrl-sci) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 极性与反畸变极子在通过外延剪切应变的WO3中的研究 显示英文标题

标题： Polarity and anti-distortive polarons in WO3 through epitaxial shear strain

Leon Kleebank, Frank Vewinger, Arturo Camacho-Guardian, Victor Romero-Rochín, Rosario Paredes, Martin Weitz, Julian Schmitt

评论： 提交的稿件，25页，5张图表，11页补充材料，14张补充图表

主题： 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)

将CMOS兼容的二进制氧化物赋予额外功能是实现氧化物电子学的一种有效策略。 理想的候选材料是显示出对应变、化学掺杂或纳米尺度限制强烈敏感的薄膜。 其中，晶体三氧化钨WO3表现出卓越的结构灵活性，能够实现广泛的多功能性。 在此，我们揭示了外延WO3薄膜中先前未报道的极性相的出现。 我们通过施加外延剪切应变来实现这一点，这种应变稳定了一种低对称性的三斜结构，该结构可维持至较大的薄膜厚度和较高的温度。 在原子尺度上，氧八面体倾斜模式的变化促进了对称性的降低，形成极性相，这表现为周期性的面内极化条纹畴结构，并在微尺度上具有针状分叉。 条纹畴壁进一步表现出显著增强的电导率，同时伴随着扭曲结构模式的明显减少，为最近在WO3中预测的反扭曲极化子的形成提供了第一个实验证据。 显示英文摘要

Bestowing CMOS-compatible binary oxides with additional functionalities is a powerful strategy toward the realization of oxide electronics. Ideal candidates are thin films which display a strong sensitivity to strain, chemical doping or nanoscale confinement. Among these, crystalline tungsten trioxide WO3 exhibits exceptional structural flexibility, enabling a wide range of functionalities. Here, we reveal the emergence of a previously unreported polar phase in epitaxial WO3 thin films. We accomplish this by imposing epitaxial shear strain, which stabilizes a low-symmetry triclinic structure that persists up to large film thicknesses and elevated temperatures. At the atomic scale, a change in the oxygen octahedral tilt pattern facilitates this symmetry lowering into a polar phase, which manifests as a periodic in-plane polarized stripe domain configuration with needle-like bifurcations at the microscale. The stripe domain walls further exhibit a strongly enhanced electrical conductivity in conjunction with a pronounced reduction of a distortive structural mode, providing the first experimental evidence for the formation of anti-distortive polarons recently predicted in WO3.

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[60] arXiv:2511.13408 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 在不牺牲表达能力的情况下抑制任意参数化量子电路的荒芜高原 显示英文标题

标题： Taming Barren Plateaus in Arbitrary Parameterized Quantum Circuits without Sacrificing Expressibility

Chris Allen Broka

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 计算复杂性 (cs.CC) ; 信息论 (cs.IT) ; 机器学习 (cs.LG)

基于参数化量子电路（PQCs）的量子算法已在近期量子设备上实现了广泛的应用。 然而，现有的PQC架构面临诸多挑战，其中“空旷高原”现象尤为突出。 在这种情况下，随着系统规模的增大，损失函数会呈指数级集中，从而阻碍有效的参数优化。 为解决这一挑战，我们提出了一种通用且硬件高效的消除任意PQC中空旷高原的方法。 具体而言，我们的方法通过在原始PQC中插入一层易于实现的量子通道来实现这一目标，每个通道只需一个辅助量子比特和四个额外的门，从而得到一个修改后的PQC（MPQC），该MPQC在理论上至少与原始PQC一样具有表达能力，并在适度假设下可保证没有空旷高原。 此外，通过适当调整MPQCs的结构，我们严格证明了原始PQC中的任何参数都可以被训练。 重要的是，MPQCs中没有空旷高原的现象对现实噪声具有鲁棒性，使我们的方法可以直接应用于当前的噪声中等规模量子（NISQ）硬件。 数值上，我们通过修改一种常用的用于热态制备的PQC来展示我们方法的实用性。 结果表明，在最多100个量子比特和2400层的此类电路中，{荒芜平顶被有效消除}有所改善，而原始假设则遭受严重的梯度消失。 显示英文摘要

Quantum algorithms based on parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) have enabled a wide range of applications on near-term quantum devices. However, existing PQC architectures face several challenges, among which the ``barren plateaus" phenomenon is particularly prominent. In such cases, the loss function concentrates exponentially with increasing system size, thereby hindering effective parameter optimization. To address this challenge, we propose a general and hardware-efficient method for eliminating barren plateaus in an arbitrary PQC. Specifically, our approach achieves this by inserting a layer of easily implementable quantum channels into the original PQC, each channel requiring only one ancilla qubit and four additional gates, yielding a modified PQC (MPQC) that is provably at least as expressive as the original PQC and, under mild assumptions, is guaranteed to be free from barren plateaus. Furthermore, by appropriately adjusting the structure of MPQCs, we rigorously prove that any parameter in the original PQC can be made trainable. Importantly, the absence of barren plateaus in MPQCs is robust against realistic noise, making our approach directly applicable to current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware. Numerically, we demonstrate the practicality of our method by modifying a commonly used PQC for thermal-state preparation. The results show that {barren plateaus are effectively eliminated} in this class of circuits with up to 100 qubits and 2400 layers, whereas the original ansatz suffers from severe gradient vanishing.

[61] arXiv:2511.14644 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 分而治之启发式随机搜索用于量子比特路由问题 显示英文标题

标题： Divide-et-impera Heuristic-based Randomized Search for the Qubit Routing Problem

Beatriz Dias, Robert Koenig

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 新兴技术 (cs.ET)

本文介绍了用于量子比特路由问题（QRP）的DIRSH算法，采用启发式引导的随机分治策略。 该方法将电路分成块，并通过随机选择门和交换来优化每个块。 它通过重启和自适应调整老虎机参数来平衡全局搜索与深度敏感的局部剪枝。 在映射到20量子比特IBMQ Tokyo拓扑的RevLib基准测试中，DIRSH在不同时间预算下优于三种LightSABRE变体，实现了更短的深度和更少的交换。 这些结果证实了将基于块的分解与老虎机驱动的启发式方法结合对于NISQ设备上的量子电路路由是有效的。 显示英文摘要

This paper introduces the DIRSH algorithm for the Qubit Routing Problem (QRP), using a heuristic-guided randomized divide-and-conquer strategy. The method splits the circuit into chunks and optimizes each one with a stochastic selection of gates and swaps. It balances global search, via restarts and adaptive tuning of bandit parameters with depth-sensitive local pruning. Tested on RevLib benchmarks mapped to the 20-qubit IBMQ Tokyo topology, DIRSH outperformed three LightSABRE variants across different time budgets, achieving shorter depths and fewer swaps. These results confirm that combining chunk-based decomposition with bandit-driven heuristics is effective for routing quantum circuits on NISQ devices.

[62] arXiv:2511.14553 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 基于物理增强神经网络的结晶橡胶的精确、高效和灵活建模 显示英文标题

标题： Precise, efficient and flexible modeling of crystallizing elastomers based on physics-augmented neural networks

Leonardo da Silva Souza, Fernando Iemini

主题： 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)

我们提出了一种精确且高效的物理增强神经网络（PANN），以模拟天然橡胶（NR）中的应变诱导结晶。 该方法基于一个双势能框架，类似于广义标准材料（GSMs）的概念。 为了描述材料行为，采用了基于神经网络的自由能和耗散势能。 结晶度的演变来源于这两个势能，并类似于经典的GSM型方程。 引入了两个额外的拉格朗日乘数以及相应的Karush-Kuhn-Tucker条件，以确保结晶度的有界性，从而可以将其解释为浓度型变量。 基于神经网络的势能通过构造确保了所有物理上期望的性质。 最重要的是，客观性、材料对称性和热力学一致性自动得到满足。 此外，还基于增量变分框架提出了控制模型方程的时间离散形式的另一种推导，这也作为有限元实现的基础。 我们使用文献中的三个不同实验数据集展示了PANN的预测能力，考虑了材料点层面的应力和结晶度演变以及带缺口试样中的相应场分布。 此外，我们证明了我们的模型可以灵活地用于未填充和填充的NR。 显示英文摘要

We propose a precise and efficient physics-augmented neural network (PANN) to model strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber (NR). The approach is based on a two potential framework, similar to the concept of generalized standard materials (GSMs). To describe the material behavior, neural network-based free energy and dissipation potentials are employed. The evolution of crystallinity is derived from the two potentials and resembles a classical GSM-type equation. Two additional Lagrange multipliers together with the corresponding Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions are introduced to ensure boundedness of the crystallinity, such that it can be interpreted as a variable of concentration type. The neural network-based potentials ensure all physically desirable properties by construction. Most importantly, objectivity, material symmetry, and thermodynamic consistency are automatically fulfilled. In addition, an alternative derivation of the governing model equations in time-discrete form is presented based on an incremental variational framework, which also serves as the basis for a finite element implementation. We demonstrate the predictive capability of the PANN using three different experimental data sets from literature, considering both stress and crystallinity evolution at material point level as well as the corresponding field distributions in a notched specimen. Moreover, we demonstrate that our model can be flexibly employed for both unfilled and filled NR.

[63] arXiv:2511.14552 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 真实量子 Mpemba 效应的实验观察与应用 显示英文标题

标题： Experimental observation and application of the genuine Quantum Mpemba Effect

Zhen Qin, Casey Jameson, Alireza Goldar, Michael B. Wakin, Zhexuan Gong, Zhihui Zhu

评论： 8页，6图

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

相干性是一种固有的量子特性，深刻影响着微观过程，包括热化现象。 一个显著的例子是量子Mpemba效应（QME），其中系统可以表现出异常的弛豫，从初始远离平衡的状态比从接近平衡的状态更快地热化。 在此，我们实验研究了真正的QME，并观察到与热库相互作用的自旋-1/2系统的动力学如何被加速至平衡。 此外，我们将QME应用于量子奥托制冷机，从而提高了其制冷功率。 这个概念验证实验揭示了改进量子热力学任务的新实用途径。 显示英文摘要

Coherence is an inherently quantum property that deeply affects microscopic processes, including thermalization phenomena. A striking example is the quantum Mpemba effect (QME), in which a system can exhibit anomalous relaxation, thermalizing faster from a state initially farther from equilibrium than from one closer. Here, we experimentally investigate the genuine QME and observe how the dynamics of a spin-1/2 system interacting with a heat sink can be sped-up to equilibrium. Furthermore, we apply the QME in a quantum Otto refrigerator, thereby increasing its cooling power. This proof-of-concept experiment unveils new practical paths for improving quantum thermal tasks.

[64] arXiv:2511.13845 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 三环中$\operatorname{tr}(φ^2)$三点形式因子的次色修正在$\mathcal{N} = 4$超杨-米尔斯理论中 显示英文标题

标题： Subleading Color Corrections at Three Loops to the $\operatorname{tr}(φ^2)$ Three-Point Form Factor in $\mathcal{N} = 4$ Super Yang-Mills Theory

Dongsu Bak, Su-Hyeong Kim, Sangnam Park, Jeong-Pil Song

评论： 5页，6图

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们计算了算符$\operatorname{tr}(φ^2)$在$\mathcal{N} = 4$超对称杨-米尔斯理论中三点形式因子的三环修正。 特别是，我们的结果在超越主导颜色极限的情况下仍然有效，因此将是对超越主导颜色近似扩展幅度自举程序的重要输入。 我们发现，我们的解析公式在六阶广义对数积分的整数线性组合方面表现出令人惊叹的简洁表达式。 显示英文摘要

We compute three-loop corrections to the three-point form factor of the operator $\operatorname{tr}(φ^2)$ in $\mathcal{N} = 4$ Super Yang-Mills theory. In particular, our result is valid beyond the leading-color limit and will consequently be an important input towards extending the amplitude-bootstrap program beyond the leading-color approximation. We find that our analytic formulae are strikingly compact expressions in terms of integer linear combinations of generalized polylogarithms of weight six.

[65] arXiv:2511.14426 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： MiAD：用于从头生成晶体的幻影原子扩散 显示英文标题

标题： MiAD: Mirage Atom Diffusion for De Novo Crystal Generation

Lucia Vilchez-Estevez, Raul A. Santos, Sabrina Yue Wang, Filippo Maria Gambetta

主题： 机器学习 (cs.LG) ; 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ; 人工智能 (cs.AI) ; 计算物理 (physics.comp-ph)

近年来，基于扩散的模型在同时寻找稳定、唯一和新颖（S.U.N.）晶体材料方面表现出色。 然而，大多数这些模型在生成过程中没有能力改变晶体中的原子数量，这限制了模型采样轨迹的多样性。 在本文中，我们展示了这一限制的严重性，并介绍了一种简单而强大的技术——幻影注入，使扩散模型能够将构成晶体的原子状态从存在变为不存在（幻影）以及反之。 我们表明，与未进行此修改的相同模型相比，该技术可将模型质量提高高达$\times2.5$。 所产生的模型，幻影原子扩散（MiAD），是一种用于从头开始生成晶体的等变联合扩散模型，能够在生成过程中改变原子数量。 MiAD 在 MP-20 数据集上实现了$8.2\%$的 S.U.N. 率，这明显超过了现有的最先进方法。 源代码可在\href{https://github.com/andrey-okhotin/miad.git}{\texttt{github.com/andrey-okhotin/miad}}找到。 显示英文摘要

In recent years, diffusion-based models have demonstrated exceptional performance in searching for simultaneously stable, unique, and novel (S.U.N.) crystalline materials. However, most of these models don't have the ability to change the number of atoms in the crystal during the generation process, which limits the variability of model sampling trajectories. In this paper, we demonstrate the severity of this restriction and introduce a simple yet powerful technique, mirage infusion, which enables diffusion models to change the state of the atoms that make up the crystal from existent to non-existent (mirage) and vice versa. We show that this technique improves model quality by up to $\times2.5$ compared to the same model without this modification. The resulting model, Mirage Atom Diffusion (MiAD), is an equivariant joint diffusion model for de novo crystal generation that is capable of altering the number of atoms during the generation process. MiAD achieves an $8.2\%$ S.U.N. rate on the MP-20 dataset, which substantially exceeds existing state-of-the-art approaches. The source code can be found at \href{https://github.com/andrey-okhotin/miad.git}{\texttt{github.com/andrey-okhotin/miad}}.

[66] arXiv:2511.14409 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 低温热容在冷冻晶体中的尺度化 显示英文标题

标题： Scaling of Low-Temperature Heat Capacity in Cryocrystals

Kunling Zhou, Bowen Zeng, Yong Hu

主题： 中尺度与纳米尺度物理 (cond-mat.mes-hall) ; 量子气体 (cond-mat.quant-gas)

低温等容热容通过通用标度函数进行了标度。这种普遍性将异常的大小和热容中的驼峰特征温度$T_{\mathrm{max}}$联系起来，该温度与声子谱中的第一个 van Hove 奇异性有关。对于原子、分子和量子 cryocrystals，$T_{\mathrm{max}}$随摩尔体积系统性地变化，反映了布里渊区标度并揭示了共同的振动起源。这些关于标度函数的发现将热力学与振动态密度联系起来，突显了晶格动力学中的基本普遍性。 显示英文摘要

The low-temperature isochoric heat capacity of cryocrystals was scaled using the universal scaling function. This universality links the magnitude of the anomaly and the characteristic temperature of the hump $T_{\mathrm{max}}$ in heat capacity, which is related to the first van Hove singularity in the phonon spectrum. For atomic, molecular, and quantum cryocrystals, $T_{\mathrm{max}}$ systematically shifts with molar volume, reflecting Brillouin zone scaling and revealing a common vibrational origin. These findings for the scaling function bridge thermodynamics with the vibrational density of states, highlighting fundamental universality in lattice dynamics.

[67] arXiv:2511.14399 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 关于广义Lennard-Jones流体第二virial系数的第一个量子修正 显示英文标题

标题： On the First Quantum Correction to the Second Virial Coefficient of a Generalized Lennard-Jones Fluid

Ryo Nagai, Takashi Takemoto, Yusuke Wachi, Hiroyuki Mizuno

评论： 7页，2图

主题： 统计力学 (cond-mat.stat-mech) ; 软凝聚态物理 (cond-mat.soft) ; 经典物理 (physics.class-ph)

我们推导出一个显式解析表达式，用于计算一个$d$维流体的第二virial系数的第一个量子修正，该流体的粒子通过广义Lennard-Jones$(2n,n)$势相互作用。 通过引入适当的变量变换，修正项被简化为一个可以以抛物柱面函数或广义厄米特函数形式求解的单积分。 所得表达式紧凑地结合了维度和刚度，直接提供了对低温和高温渐近区域的访问。 在标准Lennard-Jones流体（$d=3$,$n=6$）的特殊情况下，所得到的公式比基于超几何函数的先前报道表示要简洁得多。 了解这一修正使我们能够确定Boyle温度的第一个量子贡献，其对维度和刚度的依赖关系被明确分析。 此外，同一方法可以系统地扩展以获得更高阶的量子修正。 显示英文摘要

We derive an explicit analytic expression for the first quantum correction to the second virial coefficient of a $d$-dimensional fluid whose particles interact via the generalized Lennard-Jones $(2n,n)$ potential. By introducing an appropriate change of variable, the correction term is reduced to a single integral that can be evaluated in closed form in terms of parabolic cylinder or generalized Hermite functions. The resulting expression compactly incorporates both dimensionality and stiffness, providing direct access to the low- and high-temperature asymptotic regimes. In the special case of the standard Lennard-Jones fluid ($d=3$, $n=6$), the formula obtained is considerably more compact than previously reported representations based on hypergeometric functions. The knowledge of this correction allows us to determine the first quantum contribution to the Boyle temperature, whose dependence on dimensionality and stiffness is explicitly analyzed. Moreover, the same methodology can be systematically extended to obtain higher-order quantum corrections.

[68] arXiv:2511.14508 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 电子的卡皮察-狄拉克效应的相干区域 显示英文标题

标题： Coherent regime of Kapitza-Dirac effect with electrons

Yan Li, Cheng Liu, Yu-Hong Liu, Yue-Hui Zhou, Jie-Qiao Liao

评论： v1：预印本；许可证：CC BY 4.0。复制结果所需的数据可在Zenodo存储库中获取，网址为https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17614645

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

当电子物质波通过由两束干涉光波形成的周期性光结构时，会相干衍射。 在所谓的卡皮察-狄拉克效应中，电子动量由于通过受激康普顿散射吸收和发射光子而发生变化。 到目前为止，由于可见光子的动量与高能电子的动量相比非常小，导致衍射角为10^(-4)弧度或更小，该效应仅在低能电子中被观察到。 我们报告了在扫描电子显微镜中使用高能（20 keV和30 keV）电子（分别具有9 pm和7 pm的德布罗意波长）观察到的卡皮察-狄拉克效应。 在会聚束衍射几何中，利用空间滤波检测电子横向动量谱中的光子边带。 随着电子与光场之间的耦合强度增加，边带种群在衍射级之间表现出相干、可逆的振荡。 该效应可以作为各种类型电子显微镜中的相干电子分束器或相位板。 显示英文摘要

Electron matter waves coherently diffract when passing through a periodic structure of light formed by two interfering light waves. In this so-called Kapitza-Dirac effect, the electron momentum changes due to absorption and emission of photons via stimulated Compton scattering. Until now, the effect has only been observed with low energy electrons due to the small momentum of a visible photon compared to the momentum of high energy electron leading to diffraction angles of 10^(-4) rad or smaller. We report on the observation of the Kapitza-Dirac effect in a scanning electron microscope using high energy (20 keV and 30 keV) electrons with de-Broglie wavelengths of 9 pm and 7 pm, respectively. The photon sidebands in the electron transverse momentum spectrum are detected in the convergent beam diffraction geometry using spatial filtering. As the coupling strength between the electrons and the light field increases, the sideband populations exhibit coherent, reversible oscillations among diffraction orders. The effect can serve as a coherent electron beam-splitter or a phase-plate in various types of electron microscopes.

[69] arXiv:2511.14389 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 量子加速求解多项式优化的半定松弛 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum speed-ups for solving semidefinite relaxations of polynomial optimization

Ethan Decker, Lucas Goetz, Evan McKinney, Erik Gustafson, Junyu Zhou, Yuhao Liu, Alex K. Jones, Ang Li, Alexander Schuckert, Samuel Stein, Eleanor Crane, Gushu Li

评论： 80页

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 优化与控制 (math.OC)

我们研究用于近似多项式优化中Lasserre层次结构值的量子算法。 令$f,g_1,\ldots,g_m$为$n$个变量的实多项式，$f^\star$为$f$在半代数集$S(g)=\{x: g_i(x)\ge 0\}$上的下确界。 令$λ_k$为阶数为$k$的Lasserre松弛值。 假设满足以下条件之一：(i) $f^\star=λ_k$且最优值在半径为 $1/2$的 $\ell_1$-球中达到，或者 (ii) $S(g)$位于单纯形 $\{x\ge 0: \sum_j x_j\le 1/2\}$中，且约束定义了这个单纯形。 经过适当的系数缩放后，我们给出一个基于矩阵乘法权重的量子算法，该算法以精度$\varepsilon>0$近似$λ_k$，对于固定的$k$，运行时间为\[ O(n^k\varepsilon^{-4}+n^{k/2}\varepsilon^{-5}),\qquad O\!\left(s_g\!\left[n^k\varepsilon^{-4}+\!\left(n^{k}+\!\sum_{i=1}^m n^{k-d_i}\right)^{1/2}\!\varepsilon^{-5}\right]\right), \]，其中$s_g$界定了与约束相关的系数匹配矩阵的稀疏性。 经典矩阵乘法权重方法即使在无约束情况下也按$O(n^{3k}\mathrm{poly}(1/\varepsilon))$的规模增长。 作为示例，我们得到一个用于投资组合优化的$O(n\varepsilon^{-4}+\sqrt{n}\varepsilon^{-5})$量子算法，其在$ω\approx2.373$上改进了经典的$O(n^{ω+1}\log(1/\varepsilon))$界限。 我们的方法建立并改进了Apeldoorn和Gilyén对多项式优化中出现的SDP的分析。 我们还展示了如何在不使用QRAM的情况下实现所需的块编码。 在上述假设下，我们的方法在计算Lasserre松弛时实现了问题维度的超二次加速。 显示英文摘要

We study quantum algorithms for approximating Lasserre's hierarchy values for polynomial optimization. Let $f,g_1,\ldots,g_m$ be real polynomials in $n$ variables and $f^\star$ the infimum of $f$ over the semialgebraic set $S(g)=\{x: g_i(x)\ge 0\}$. Let $λ_k$ be the value of the order-$k$ Lasserre relaxation. Assume either (i) $f^\star=λ_k$ and the optimum is attained in the $\ell_1$-ball of radius $1/2$, or (ii) $S(g)$ lies in the simplex $\{x\ge 0: \sum_j x_j\le 1/2\}$, and the constraints define this simplex. After an appropriate coefficient rescaling, we give a quantum algorithm based on matrix multiplicative weights that approximates $λ_k$ to accuracy $\varepsilon>0$ with runtime, for fixed $k$, \[ O(n^k\varepsilon^{-4}+n^{k/2}\varepsilon^{-5}),\qquad O\!\left(s_g\!\left[n^k\varepsilon^{-4}+\!\left(n^{k}+\!\sum_{i=1}^m n^{k-d_i}\right)^{1/2}\!\varepsilon^{-5}\right]\right), \] where $s_g$ bounds the sparsity of the coefficient-matching matrices associated with the constraints. Classical matrix multiplicative-weights methods scale as $O(n^{3k}\mathrm{poly}(1/\varepsilon))$ even in the unconstrained case. As an example, we obtain an $O(n\varepsilon^{-4}+\sqrt{n}\varepsilon^{-5})$ quantum algorithm for portfolio optimization, improving over the classical $O(n^{ω+1}\log(1/\varepsilon))$ bound with $ω\approx2.373$. Our approach builds on and sharpens the analysis of Apeldoorn and Gilyén for the SDPs arising in polynomial optimization. We also show how to implement the required block encodings without QRAM. Under the stated assumptions, our method achieves a super-quadratic speedup in the problem dimension for computing Lasserre relaxations.

[70] arXiv:2511.14347 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 一维经典系统中的热量传输数值分析 显示英文标题

标题： Numerical analysis of heat transport in classical one-dimensional systems

Rozhin Yousefjani, Saif Al-Kuwari, Abolfazl Bayat

评论： 13页，7图

主题： 统计力学 (cond-mat.stat-mech)

数值研究一些一维系统提供了有限热导率的证据，其中理论预测热导率会随着系统尺寸的增加而发散。 一些模型在此工作假说下被回顾，即非平衡稳态中的能量通量可能是两个贡献的总和：前者负责正常导电性，后者则解释异常成分。 我得出结论，在热力学极限下，发散成分确实存在，尽管由异常成分主导的过渡可能发生在非常长的系统尺寸上。 最后，我研究了一个叮铃模型的变体，之前声称其满足傅里叶定律，结果表明它在热力学极限下同样表现出发散的导电性。 显示英文摘要

Numerical studies of some unidimensional systems provide evidence of finite thermal conductivity, where theory predicts a divergence with the system size. Some models are here reviewed under the working hypothesis that the energy flux across a nonequilibrium stationary state may be the sum of two contributions: the former responsible for normal conductivity, the latter accounting for the anomalous component. I conclude that in the thermodynamic limit, the diverging component is indeed present, although the crossover to a regime dominated by the anomalous component may occur at extremely long system sizes. Finally, I study a variant of the ding-a-ling model, previously claimed to satisfy Fourier law, showing that it too exhibits a diverging conductivity in the thermodynamic limit.

[71] arXiv:2511.14281 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 在非线性波导量子电动力学中生成空间分离的关联多光子态 显示英文标题

标题： Generating spatially separated correlated multiphoton states in nonlinear waveguide quantum electrodynamics

Mauro D'Arcangelo, Younes Javanmard, Natalie Pearson

评论： 21页，12图

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

强关联多光子态是先进量子技术不可或缺的资源，但由于大多数光学系统中固有的弱非线性，其确定性生成仍然具有挑战性。 在这里，我们提出了一种可扩展的架构，通过非线性波导中的级联非弹性散射来产生关联的少光子纠缠态。 当单个光子散射一个远离共振的激发两能级发射器时，它会相干地转化为一个传播的双子，即具有异常色散的束缚光子对。 这个双子随后可以散射一个下游的激发发射器，进一步转化为三子，以此类推，从而建立一个光子数放大级联$|\cdot \rangle \!\! \rightarrow \!\! |\!\!: \rangle \!\! \rightarrow \! \! |\!\!\therefore \rangle \!\! \to \!\! ...$。这一过程的核心概念是一个伪大原子，我们在此引入该概念以捕捉来自束缚态波函数产生的非局域散射势。 通过使用具有多个工程耦合点的真实大原子实现此方案，我们实现了无反向散射的单向和完全可控的光子转换。 所产生的输出态形成一个程序化的空间和时间隔离的光子数分量的叠加态，自动根据其不同的群速度进行分类。 这项工作开启了一个量子态工程的新范式，使得按需生成复杂的多光子资源成为可能，用于量子模拟、计量学和可扩展的量子网络。 显示英文摘要

Strongly correlated multi-photon states are indispensable resources for advanced quantum technologies, yet their deterministic generation remains challenging due to the inherent weak nonlinearity in most optical systems. Here, we propose a scalable architecture for producing correlated few-photon entangled states via cascaded inelastic scattering in a nonlinear waveguide. When a single photon scatters off a far detuned excited two-level emitter, it coherently converts into a propagating doublon, a bound photon pair with anomalous dispersion. This doublon can subsequently scatter off a downstream excited emitter to further convert into a triplon, and so on, thereby establishing a photon-number amplification cascade $|\cdot \rangle \!\! \rightarrow \!\! |\!\!: \rangle \!\! \rightarrow \! \! |\!\!\therefore \rangle \!\! \to \!\! ...$ Central to this process is the concept of a pseudo-giant atom, which we introduce here to capture the non-local scattering potential emergent from the wave functions of bound states. By implementing this scheme using a real giant atom with multiple engineered coupling points, we achieve unidirectional and full controllable photon conversion without backscattering. The resulting output state forms a programmable superposition of spatially and temporally isolated photon-number components, automatically sorted by their distinct group velocities. This work opens a new paradigm in quantum state engineering, enabling on-demand generation of complex multi-photon resources for quantum simulation, metrology, and scalable quantum networks.

[72] arXiv:2511.14241 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 当前驱动的范德华反磁体中拓扑自旋手性切换 显示英文标题

标题： Current-driven switching of topological spin chirality in a van der Waals antiferromagnet

Piotr Sierant, Paolo Stornati, Xhek Turkeshi

主题： 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ; 应用物理 (physics.app-ph) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

磁拓扑是现代量子磁学的核心，其中自旋手性主导了奇特的自旋缠绕、实空间贝里相位和拓扑霍尔效应。 一个关键未解决的挑战是如何通过电流切换拓扑自旋手性和其相关的规范通量，这是操控其拓扑量子性质的基本要求。 在本工作中，我们提出了并实验演示了电流切换自旋手性的概念。 我们识别出新的vdW反铁磁体Co1/3TaS2作为理想的平台，它具有最小的手性单元的拓扑3Q态、超高斯kyrmion密度、非中心对称几何结构以及强贝里曲率。 使用Co1/3TaS2/Pt异质结构，我们通过基于Pt自旋霍尔效应的电流驱动自旋轨道扭矩实现了非易失且可逆的切换。 除了这种传统途径，我们进一步发现Co1/3TaS2内部的内在自扭矩诱导的手性切换，纯粹由电流驱动，无需磁场，并且具有高能量效率。 这些互补路径建立了一个统一的框架，用于电控创建和调控自旋手性。 我们的结果展示了一条通往手性自旋电子学的实用途径。 它们可以自然推广到其他skyrmion系统，为对称性控制、拓扑操控和基于自旋手性的量子功能提供了新机会。 显示英文摘要

Magnetic topology is central to modern quantum magnet, where spin chirality governs exotic spin winding, real-space Berry phase, and topological Hall effect. A key unresolved challenge is how to electrically switch topological spin chirality and its associated gauge flux, an essential requirement for manipulating its topological quantum properties. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate the concept of current-switching spin chirality. We identify the new vdW antiferromagnet Co1/3TaS2 as an ideal platform, hosting a topological 3Q state with a minimum chirality cell, an ultrahigh skyrmion density, a non-centrosymmetric geometry, and a strong Berry curvature. Using a Co1/3TaS2/Pt heterostructure, we achieve the nonvolatile and reversible switching by current via current-driven spin-orbit torque based on Pts spin Hall effect. Beyond this conventional route, we further discover intrinsic self-torque-induced chirality switching within Co1/3TaS2, driven purely by current, without a magnetic field, and with high energy efficiency. These complementary pathways establish a unified framework for electrically creating and controlling spin chirality. Our results demonstrate a practical route toward chiral spintronics. They can be naturally generalised to other skyrmion systems, offering new opportunities in symmetry control, topological manipulation, and spin-chirality-based quantum functionalities.

[73] arXiv:2511.14273 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 带有通信矩阵的半设备无关信道识别 显示英文标题

标题： Semi-device-independent channel identification with communication matrices

Mark Byrd, Daniel Dilley, Alvin Gonzales, Masaya Takahashi, Zain Saleem, Lian-Ao Wu

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我们研究区分任意两个量子通道并从获得的测量统计中重建它们的任务，可能关于实验设置的信息有限。 我们采用通信矩阵形式，其中准备和测量场景的测量统计表示为随机通信矩阵。 为了区分任意两个量子通道，设置的信息完备性是必要且充分的。 另一方面，如果我们想唯一表征任意量子通道，还需要对设置有完整的描述。 我们表明，在许多重要情况下，我们可以直接从应用通道之前的设置的通信矩阵推导出此信息。 考虑到我们信任系统的维度，我们表明可以仅从通信矩阵的秩直接推导出设置的信息完备性。 此外，我们表明通信矩阵的另一个量，称为信息存储能力，可用于自测试设置（在单位或反单位自由度下）对于一类重要的状态和测量。 这为我们提供了一种半设备无关的方法，从准备和测量统计中识别量子通道。 最后，我们考虑可能存在关于通道的一些额外信息或额外资源的情况，这些可能有助于放松所提出场景的一些假设。 显示英文摘要

We look into the task of differentiating between any two quantum channels and reconstructing them from the obtained measurement statistics with possibly limited information about the experimental set-up. We employ the communication matrix formalism where the measurement statistics of a prepare-and-measure scenario is represented as a stochastic communication matrix. In order to differentiate between any two quantum channels, the informational completeness of the set-up is both necessary and sufficient. On the other hand, if we want to uniquely characterize any quantum channel, in addition we also need to have a complete description of the set-up. We show that in many important cases we can deduce this information directly from the communication matrix of the set-up before applying the channel. Given that we trust the dimension of the system, we show that we can deduce the information completeness of the set-up directly from the rank of the communication matrix. Furthermore, we show that another quantity of the communication matrix, called the information storability, can be used to self-test the set-up (up to unitary or antiunitary freedom) for an important class of states and measurements. This provides us a semi-device-independent way to identify quantum channels from the prepare-and-measure statistics. Lastly, we consider scenarios where we might have some additional information about the channels or additional resources at our disposal which could help us relax some of the assumptions of the proposed scenario.

[74] arXiv:2511.14192 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 不确定因果顺序和输入输出方向下的熵不确定性 显示英文标题

标题： Entropic uncertainty under indefinite causal order and input-output direction

Xiantao Li

评论： 15页，5图

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

熵不确定性关系量化了量子测量可预测性的限制。 当被测系统与量子记忆相关时，这些限制由记忆辅助的熵不确定性关系（MA-EUR）描述。 我们研究当记忆量子比特通过高阶控制过程实现的噪声动力学时，MA-EUR的行为，即量子开关和量子时间翻转。 我们考虑一种设置，其中控制量子比特是进行测量的系统本身，而目标量子比特则作为噪声量子记忆。 专注于泡利通道，我们表明将它们输入到量子开关和量子时间翻转中，相比于直接应用，可以显著减少总的熵不确定性。 我们的结果表明，不确定的因果顺序和输入输出方向可以在MA-EUR及其应用的背景下作为资源来缓解噪声的影响。 显示英文摘要

Entropic uncertainty relations quantify the limits on the predictability of quantum measurements. When the measured system is correlated with a quantum memory, these limits are described by the memory-assisted entropic uncertainty relation (MA-EUR). We examine the behavior of MA-EUR when the memory qubit undergoes noisy dynamics implemented via high-order controlled processes, namely, the quantum switch and the quantum time-flip. We consider a setting in which the control qubit is the very system on which the measurements are performed, while the target qubit serves as a noisy quantum memory. Focusing on Pauli channels, we show that feeding them into the quantum switch and the quantum time-flip can significantly reduce the total entropic uncertainty as compared to their direct application. Our results reveal that indefinite causal order and input-output direction can serve as resources to mitigate the effects of noise in the context of MA-EUR and its applications.

[75] arXiv:2511.09960 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 基于扫描热显微镜的高通量无寄生探针热阻校准以实现稳健的热映射 显示英文标题

标题： High-throughput Parasitic-independent Probe Thermal Resistance Calibration for Robust Thermal Mapping with Scanning Thermal Microscopy

Wes Johnson, Bryce Bullock, Athreya Shankar, John Zaris, John J. Bollinger, Scott E. Parker

主题： 仪器与探测器 (physics.ins-det)

纳米结构材料对于半导体器件中的热管理至关重要，在热传输中表现出强烈的尺寸依赖性。 具体而言，研究晶界处热阻的变化在设计用于异构集成的有效热界面材料中具有关键重要性。 基于频域热反射（FDTR）的技术可以在微米尺度上提供热阻映射。 扫描热显微镜（SThM）有望以数量级更高的空间分辨率（<100 nm）量化局部热传输。 然而，准确地将原始信号转换为热导率以及考虑表面敏感性方面的挑战限制了其作为理解纳米尺度热传输和纳米结构薄膜中缺陷介导的热性能调制的表征标准的广泛应用。 在此，我们介绍一种基于电路的探针热阻（Rp）校准技术，该技术独立于寄生热传输路径；这种校准能够准确测量SThM探针散发的热量以及由此产生的探针温度变化，从而提取薄膜的热阻（Rth）。 校准后，SThM在15 nm厚的Al膜上实现了亚100 nm的空间分辨率，该Al膜通过电子束蒸发沉积在SiO2基底上。 最后，使用基于有限元建模的校准方法将热阻映射转换为热导率，其中像素级Rth值的平均值得出的有效热导率为2.87 +/- 0.18 W m^-1 K^-1，与描述超薄Al中热传输的已发表理论框架一致。 显示英文摘要

Nanostructured materials, critical for thermal management in semiconductor devices, exhibit a strong size dependence in thermal transport. Specifically, studying the variation of thermal resistance across grain boundaries is of critical importance in designing effective thermal interface materials for heterogeneous integration. Frequency-domain Thermoreflectance (FDTR)-based techniques can provide thermal resistance mapping at the micrometer length scale. Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM) has the potential for quantifying local thermal transport with orders of magnitude higher spatial resolution (<100 nm). However, challenges in accurately converting the raw signal to thermal conductivity and accounting for surface sensitivity limit its widespread adoption as a characterization standard for understanding nanoscale heat transport and defect-mediated modulation of thermal properties in nanostructured films. Here, we introduce a circuit-based probe thermal resistance (Rp) calibration technique that is independent of parasitic heat transport pathways; this calibration enables accurate measurement of the heat dissipated from the SThM probe and the resulting tip temperature change to extract the thermal resistance of the film (Rth). Following calibration, SThM achieved sub-100 nm spatial resolution in mapping thermal resistance across a 15 nm-thick Al film deposited by e-beam evaporation on a SiO2 substrate. Finally, the thermal resistance mapping is converted to thermal conductivity using a finite-element-modeling-based calibration approach, where the average of the pixel-level Rth values yields an effective thermal conductivity of 2.87 +/- 0.18 W m^-1 K^-1, in good agreement with published theoretical frameworks describing heat transport in ultrathin Al.

[76] arXiv:2511.13992 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 可调谐的量子光子路由使用耦合的大原子类似阵列 显示英文标题

标题： Tunable quantum photonic routing using a coupled giant-atom-like array

Zhu-yao Jin, Jun Jing

评论： 10页，7图和37参考文献

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我们研究一种利用类巨原子阵列耦合到两个一维波导的量子路由机制。 类巨原子阵列由一个三维系统的一维阵列构成。 在强原子-波导耦合和弱原子间相互作用的区域，该系统可作为高效且方向可控的单光子路由器。 我们的分析表明，路由行为受到有效相位积累和干涉效应的影响，这些可以通过改变耦合站点数量$N$、光子能量$E$和原子间耦合强度$J$来调整。 重要的是，我们识别出能够实现完美光子传输（$100 \%$效率）的配置，在广泛的能量范围内，并提供对输出通道的动态控制。 此外，我们研究了系统对其内部参数变化的响应，展示了路由性能的鲁棒性和可扩展性。 这些发现强调了该设置在可重构和集成量子光子网络中实现的潜力。 显示英文摘要

We examine a quantum routing mechanism utilizing a giant-atom-like array coupled to two one-dimensional waveguides. The giant-atom-like array is formed by a one-dimensional array of three-level-systems. In the regime of strong atom-waveguide coupling and weak inter-atomic interactions, this system functions as an efficient and directionally controllable single-photon router. Our analysis shows that the routing behavior is influenced by effective phase accumulation and interference effects, which can be adjusted by varying the number of coupling sites $N$, the photon energy $E$, and the inter-atomic coupling strength $J$. Importantly, we identify configurations that enable perfect photon transfer ($100 \%$ efficiency) over a wide range of energies and that provide dynamic control over the output channel. In addition, we investigate how the system responds to changes in its internal parameters, demonstrating the robustness and scalability of routing performance. These findings underscore the potential of this setup for implementation in reconfigurable and integrated quantum photonic networks.

[77] arXiv:2511.14448 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 磁随机薛定谔算子的IDS迹泛函的中心极限定理 显示英文标题

标题： CLT for the trace functional of the IDS of magnetic random Schrödinger operator

M.E.Shirokov

主题： 谱理论 (math.SP) ; 数学物理 (math-ph)

我们考虑在希尔伯特空间\( L^2(\mathbb{R}^d) \)上带有随机势的磁薛定谔算子的积分态密度（IDS）的存在性，作为迹泛函的大数定律（LLN）的类比。 在本工作中，我们建立了一个中心极限定理（CLT）的类比，该类比描述了IDS的迹泛函的波动情况，针对由\( C^1_{d,0}(\mathbb{R}) \)表示的一类测试函数。 此类函数由定义在\( \mathbb{R} \)上的实值、连续可微函数组成，当\( |x| \to \infty \)时以速率\( O(|x|^{-m}) \)衰减，其中\( m > d + 1 \)。 显示英文摘要

We consider the existence of the integrated density of states (IDS) of the magnetic Schrödinger operator with a random potential on the Hilbert space \( L^2(\mathbb{R}^d) \), as an analogue of the law of large numbers (LLN) for a trace functional. In this work, we establish an analogue of the central limit theorem (CLT), which describes the fluctuations of the trace functionals of the IDS, for a class of test functions denoted by \( C^1_{d,0}(\mathbb{R}) \). This class consists of real-valued, continuously differentiable functions on \( \mathbb{R} \) that decay at the rate \( O(|x|^{-m}) \) as \( |x| \to \infty \), where \( m > d + 1 \).

[78] arXiv:2507.12069 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 泰勒假设及其对林地砍伐区通量测量的影响 显示英文标题

标题： Taylors hypothesis and its impact on flux measurements in a forest clearcut

Jierui Hu, Hao Yuan, Joshua Akin, A.K.M. Naziul Haque, Yunlei Zhao, Kejie Fang

主题： 大气与海洋物理 (physics.ao-ph) ; 流体动力学 (physics.flu-dyn)

泰勒假设是将时间上的观测转换为流动的空间信息的基础，而在微气象塔上进行湍流测量时使用。 为了验证其在高度异质的森林采伐地表的有效性，我们利用了广泛的分布式温度传感（DTS）和涡旋协方差（EC）数据集。 DTS测得的温度波动时空相关曲线用于计算在采伐地以上3.1米高度处浮力条件下的温度结构的整体对流速度。 这些对流速度与从EC系统在采伐地中段获得的平均风速和顺流速度的湍流强度进行比较。 根据是否平行或垂直于森林边缘，和之间的关系显著不同。 然而，无论风向如何，惯性子区尺度的温度结构的对流速度随着波数的增加呈幂律变化。 这种幂律的指数不同于均匀的大气表面层流动，从而指向了异质性的影响。 尺度相关的对流速度非线性地将时间频率转换为顺流波数，这最终影响了湍流（共）谱的特性。 更重要的是，这种非线性转换产生了一个关键频率极限，超过该极限后，从频率推导出的涡旋长度尺度小于声学风速仪的物理尺寸，因此无法被准确解析。 这个关键极限质疑了该频率以上的EC通量估计。 显示英文摘要

Taylors hypothesis is the backbone to convert observations done over time to spatial information of the flow while carrying out turbulence measurements on a micrometeorological tower. To address its validity over a highly heterogeneous forest clearcut surface, we utilize an extensive Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) and Eddy Covariance (EC) datasets. The DTS measured space-time correlation curves of temperature fluctuations are used to compute the bulk convective speeds of temperature structures in buoyant conditions at a height of 3.1 m above the clearing. These convective speeds are compared with the mean wind speed and turbulent intensities of streamwise velocities obtained from the EC system at the middle of the clearcut. Depending on if is parallel or perpendicular to the forest edge, the relationships between and are significantly different. However, irrespective of the wind direction, the convective speeds of temperature structures at inertial subrange scales behave in a power-law fashion with increasing wavenumbers. The exponent of this power-law differs from a homogeneous atmospheric surface layer flow, thereby pointing towards the effects of heterogeneity. The scale-dependent convective speeds non-linearly transform the temporal frequencies to streamwise wavenumbers, which, eventually, impacts the properties of turbulence (co) spectra. More importantly, this non-linear transformation yields a critical frequency limit, beyond which the eddy length scales derived from frequencies are smaller than the physical dimension of the sonic anemometers, and therefore, cannot be faithfully resolved. This critical limit questions the EC flux estimates beyond this frequency.

[79] arXiv:2511.14746 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 基于单通量量子控制的通量子高保真单量子比特门优化 显示英文标题

标题： Optimization of High-Fidelity Single-Qubit Gates for Fluxoniums Using Single-Flux Quantum Control

Ziqing Guo, Jan Balewski, Kewen Xiao, Ziwen Pan

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我们提出一种基于梯度的方法，为通量子量子比特构建高效内存、高保真度的单量子比特门。 这些门是通过一系列单通量量子（SFQ）脉冲构造的，这些脉冲通过电容或电感耦合发送到量子比特。 SFQ脉冲的安排包括在脉冲序列之前和之后应用一个上升阶段和一个下降阶段，其中脉冲之间的间隔等于量子比特周期。 我们将优化问题简化为在上升阶段安排固定数量的SFQ脉冲，并通过放松SFQ时钟的离散化约束作为中间步骤来解决，从而允许使用Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno优化器。 使用这种方法，对于电感耦合可以实现99.99%的门保真度，对于电容耦合可以实现99.9%的门保真度，泄漏是两种方法中相干误差的主要来源。 显示英文摘要

We present a gradient-based method to construct memory-efficient, high-fidelity, single-qubit gates for fluxonium qubits. These gates are constructed using a sequence of single-flux quantum (SFQ) pulses that are sent to the qubit through either capacitive or inductive coupling. The schedule of SFQ pulses is constructed with an on-ramp and an off-ramp applied prior to and after a pulse train, where the pulses are spaced at intervals equal to the qubit period. We reduce the optimization problem to the scheduling of a fixed number of SFQ pulses in the on-ramp and solve it by relaxing the discretization constraint of the SFQ clock as an intermediate step, allowing the use of the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno optimizer. Using this approach, gate fidelities of 99.99 % can be achieved for inductive coupling and 99.9 % for capacitive coupling, with leakage being the main source of coherent errors for both approaches.

[80] arXiv:2406.16448 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 表面张力的分析，按单位面积的力梯度——第一部分：使用流体力学中的等效原理的思想实验 显示英文标题

标题： Analysis of surface tension in terms of force gradient per unit area -- Part I : a thought experiment using the principle of equivalence in fluid mechanics

Joseph M. Lukens, Karthik V. Myilswamy, Alexander Miloshevsky, Hsuan-Hao Lu

主题： 流体动力学 (physics.flu-dyn)

通常，表面张力表示为单位长度上的力或单位面积上的能量。 在本文中，我们提出一个思想实验，即根据流体力学原理，用等效的单位面积上的力来代替表面张力。 这种等效力系使得能够以表面应力梯度或单位体积的能量来分析表面张力现象，并允许我们通过计算稳态下的力平衡来重写已知方程。 这些新方程将被应用于已知现象，如弯月面、毛细管、Wilhelmy板以及液滴和半液滴的平衡。 显示英文摘要

Conventionally, surface tension is expressed as a force per unit length or as an energy per unit area. In this paper, we propose a thought experiment that consists of replacing the surface tension with an equivalent force per unit area according to the principles of fluid mechanics. Such a system of equivalent forces makes it possible to analyze the surface tension phenomenon in terms of surface stress gradient or in terms of energy per unit volume and allows us to rewrite the known equations by calculating the equilibrium of forces in the stationary state. These new equations will be applied to known phenomena such as meniscus, capillary tube, Wilhelmy blade and equilibrium of drops and semi-drops.

[81] arXiv:2511.07140 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 同步微波cQED极限环振荡器 显示英文标题

标题： Synchronizing microwave cQED limit-cycle oscillators

Hiroki Ohta, Aaron Merlin Müller, Shunji Tsuchiya

评论： 修改和更正的图2、4、5、8

主题： 中尺度与纳米尺度物理 (cond-mat.mes-hall) ; 强关联电子 (cond-mat.str-el) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

自维持振荡器在复杂动力系统的稳定性和同步中起着核心作用。 目前正在研究多种不同的物理系统，以阐明这些主动组件在量子领域的重要性。 在这里，我们探讨了基于超导微波谐振器与电压偏置双量子点（DQD）共振耦合的驱动耗散电子-光子混合系统的特性。 首先，我们在电子-光子耦合的临界值处建立了一个霍普夫分支，超过该值后，有效的负摩擦力维持了单个谐振器的稳态极限环振荡。 其次，我们表明，两个这样的极限环谐振器通过相同的电压偏置DQD在频率失谐足够小的情况下会同步。 通过有效电路精细结构常数的微扰理论推导出非线性光子Keldysh作用量，并根据所得鞍点和福克-普朗克方程分析极限环动力学。 在无限偏置电压的马尔可夫极限下，这些结果被证明与对应DQD谐振器系统的林德布拉德主方程解高度一致。 显示英文摘要

Self-sustained oscillators play a central role in the stabilization and synchronization of complex dynamical systems. A number of different physical systems are currently being investigated to clarify the importance of such active components in the quantum realm. Here we explore the properties of a driven dissipative electron-photon hybrid system based on superconducting microwave resonators coupled resonantly to a voltage-biased double quantum dot (DQD). First, we establish a Hopf bifurcation at a critical value of the electron-photon coupling, beyond which an effective negative friction sustains steady limit-cycle oscillations of individual resonators. Second, we show that two such limit-cycle resonators coupled via the same voltage-biased DQD synchronize for small enough frequency detuning. A nonlinear photon Keldysh action is derived by perturbation theory in the effective circuit fine-structure constant, and the limit-cycle dynamics is analyzed in terms of resulting saddle-point, and Fokker-Planck equations. In the Markovian limit of infinite bias voltage, these results are shown to agree well with the solution of a corresponding Lindblad master equation for the DQD resonator system.

[82] arXiv:2511.14737 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 增强压缩的光子数测量用于GKP态生成 显示英文标题

标题： Squeezing-Enhanced Photon-Number Measurements for GKP State Generation

Rylan Malarchick

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我们提出了一种生成GKP态的架构，其中使用正交压缩操作来控制概率光子数测量的平均光子数统计特性，这些测量是在高斯资源态上进行的。 具体而言，我们提出了一种架构，采用基于量子隐形传态的压缩协议，并将多项式门应用集成到时间复用多模簇态中，以生成高振幅的猫态，这些猫态随后用于生成具有高正交有效压缩的GKP态。 与我们之前的工作相比，除了使用压缩作为资源外，该架构通过最小化生成GKP态所需的同调测量数量来减少阻尼和噪声。 我们通过实现11.5分贝的簇态压缩故障容限，使用RHG表面码进行错误校正，无需主动切换或光子数资源态，证明了这些改进的有效性——包括动态输入态重置和改进的繁殖算法。 显示英文摘要

We present an architecture for the generation of GKP states in which quadrature squeezing operations are used to control the average photon number statistics of probabilistic photon number measurements on Gaussian resource states. Specifically, we present an architecture employing a teleportation-based squeezing protocol and polynomial-gate applications integrated into a time-multiplexed multi-mode cluster state to generate cat states with high amplitudes, which are consequently used to generate GKP states with high quadrature effective squeezing. Compared to our previous work, in addition to using squeezing as a resource, the present architecture reduces damping and noise by minimizing the number of homodyne measurements required in GKP state generation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these improvements - including dynamic input-state resetting and an improved breeding algorithm - by achieving a fault-tolerance threshold of 11.5 dB cluster squeezing using the RHG surface code for error correction, without requiring active switching or photon-number resource states.

[83] arXiv:2507.13911 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 约旦自旋链用于$AdS_5\times S^5$中的扭曲弦 显示英文标题

标题： Jordanian spin chains for twisted strings in $AdS_5\times S^5$

Enze Hou, Yuzhi Liu, Lei Wang, Han Wang

评论： 53页，1图，2个附录。v2：已发表版本，在多个地方添加了参考文献和澄清内容

期刊参考： 发表于：Phys.Rev.D 112 (2025) 10, 106001

主题： 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th) ; 统计力学 (cond-mat.stat-mech) ; 数学物理 (math-ph) ; 精确可解与可积系统 (nlin.SI)

我们研究了通过Drinfel'd扭曲实现的Jordanian变形的$AdS_5\times S^5$超弦的可积自旋链公式。 在这些模型中，我们首先确定了一个局限于$SL(2,\mathbb{R})$扇区且具有常数稀释子的唯一超引力变形。 然后，我们开发了一个闭合Drinfel'd扭曲自旋链的一般框架，并构建了一个到具有扭曲边界条件的未变形模型的显式映射。 应用于非紧致的$\mathrm{XXX}_{-1/2}$自旋链，Jordanian扭曲破坏了标定磁子激发的Cartan生成元，阻碍了标准的Bethe方法。 相反，使用扭曲边界形式，我们在连续极限和短链中基于剩余根生成元启动了谱问题。 我们发现基态被非平凡地变形，并与经典弦结果一致，而我们的分析未能捕捉到高自旋激发态。 我们还研究了相关$Q$-系统的行为，该系统表现良好并与边界扭曲相容。 虽然对光谱的完全理解仍是一个开放问题，但我们的工作为非阿贝尔扭曲可积模型的谱描述提供了具体的步骤。 显示英文摘要

We study the proposed integrable spin chain formulation of Jordanian deformations of the $AdS_5\times S^5$ superstring, realised via Drinfel'd twists. Among these models, we first identify a unique supergravity deformation confined to an $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ sector and with constant dilaton. We then develop a general framework for closed Drinfel'd twisted spin chains and construct an explicit map to undeformed models with twisted-boundary conditions. Applied to the non-compact $\mathrm{XXX}_{-1/2}$ spin chain, the Jordanian twist breaks the Cartan generator labelling magnon excitations, obstructing the standard Bethe methods. Instead, using the twisted-boundary formulation, we initiate the spectral problem based on a residual root generator both in the continuum limit and for short chains. We find that the ground state is non-trivially deformed, and is in agreement with the classical string result, while our analysis does not capture higher-spin excited states. We also study the asymptotics of the associated $Q$-system, which is well-behaved and compatible with the boundary-twist. While a full understanding of the spectrum remains open, our work provides concrete steps toward a spectral description of non-abelian twisted integrable models.

[84] arXiv:2511.14664 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 多GPU量子电路模拟及网络性能的影响 显示英文标题

标题： Multi-GPU Quantum Circuit Simulation and the Impact of Network Performance

Zhenyu Chen, Yuguo Shao, Zhengwei Liu, Zhaohui Wei

评论： 13页，5图，预印本已提交发表

主题： 分布式、并行与集群计算 (cs.DC) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

正如量子计算的基本目标所固有的，经典模拟量子算法在资源需求方面以要求苛刻而著称。 尽管如此，模拟对于该领域的成功至关重要，是算法开发和验证以及硬件设计的必要条件。 GPU加速已成为模拟的标准做法，由于经典方法固有的指数级扩展，多GPU模拟可能需要以实现有代表性的系统规模。 在这种情况下，GPU之间的通信可能会成为性能瓶颈。 在本工作中，我们介绍了将MPI引入QED-C面向应用的基准测试，以促进在HPC系统上的基准测试。 我们回顾了互连技术的进步以及多GPU通信的API。 我们使用多种互连路径进行基准测试，包括最近的NVIDIA Grace Blackwell NVL72架构，这是首款在多个节点上扩展高带宽GPU专用互连的第一代产品。 我们表明，尽管GPU架构的改进导致了过去几代GPU的性能提升了4.5倍以上，但互连性能的提升产生了更大的影响，使多GPU模拟的求解时间提高了16倍以上。 显示英文摘要

As is intrinsic to the fundamental goal of quantum computing, classical simulation of quantum algorithms is notoriously demanding in resource requirements. Nonetheless, simulation is critical to the success of the field and a requirement for algorithm development and validation, as well as hardware design. GPU-acceleration has become standard practice for simulation, and due to the exponential scaling inherent in classical methods, multi-GPU simulation can be required to achieve representative system sizes. In this case, inter-GPU communications can bottleneck performance. In this work, we present the introduction of MPI into the QED-C Application-Oriented Benchmarks to facilitate benchmarking on HPC systems. We review the advances in interconnect technology and the APIs for multi-GPU communication. We benchmark using a variety of interconnect paths, including the recent NVIDIA Grace Blackwell NVL72 architecture that represents the first product to expand high-bandwidth GPU-specialized interconnects across multiple nodes. We show that while improvements to GPU architecture have led to speedups of over 4.5X across the last few generations of GPUs, advances in interconnect performance have had a larger impact with over 16X performance improvements in time to solution for multi-GPU simulations.

[85] arXiv:2511.13978 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 自旋单态二聚相在磁场下的受挫正方形晶格中 显示英文标题

标题： Spin-singlet dimer phase in a frustrated square lattice under a magnetic field

Toshiya Hikihara, Hiroshi Ueda, Kouichi Okunishi, Kenji Harada, Tomotoshi Nishino

评论： 11页，7图

期刊参考： 磁学与磁性材料杂志，2025

主题： 强关联电子 (cond-mat.str-el) ; 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ; 统计力学 (cond-mat.stat-mech)

我们研究了在各向异性正方形晶格上具有竞争交换相互作用的各向同性自旋-1/2海森堡模型，这是受到基于 verdazyl 的化合物 (o-MePy-V)PF6 中观察到的非常规磁行为所启发的。 使用簇平均场方法，我们探索了一种由挫败和量子涨落相互作用稳定的状态，重点研究了交换相互作用的作用。 我们识别出：(i) 自旋单态对的形成，这在特定磁场区域内由增强的自旋-自旋相关性所表明；以及 (ii) 一半磁化平台，这是由竞争交换耦合与场增强的量子涨落之间微妙平衡所产生的。 我们的结果表明，通过调整化合物 (o-MePy-V)PF6 中空间各向异性交换相互作用的小变化来增强挫败度，可以稳定一种场诱导的量子相，在该相中铁磁性与反铁磁二聚体共存。 我们的结果为驱动这些非平凡相的机制提供了微观见解，并为解释这一类低维量子磁体的实验观测提供了理论支持。 显示英文摘要

We investigated the isotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg model on an anisotropic square lattice with competing exchange interactions, motivated by the unconventional magnetic behavior observed in the verdazyl-based compound (o-MePy-V)PF6. Using a cluster mean-field approach, we explore a field-induced phase stabilized by the interplay between frustration and quantum fluctuations, focusing on the role of exchange interactions. We identify: (i) the formation of spin singlet pairs, signaled by enhanced spin-spin correlations in specific field regimes; and (ii) a one-half magnetization plateau, emerging from a subtle balance between competing exchange couplings and field-enhanced quantum fluctuations. Our results reveal that an enhancement of frustration, achieved by tuning small variations in the spatially anisotropic exchange interactions of the compound (o-MePy-V)PF6, can stabilize a field-induced quantum phase where ferromagnetism coexists with antiferromagnetic dimers. Our results provide microscopic insight into the mechanisms driving these nontrivial phases and offer theoretical support for interpreting experimental observations in this class of low-dimensional quantum magnets.

[86] arXiv:2511.05343 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 二维可压缩MHD方程在具有角点的区域中的初边值问题的适定性 显示英文标题

标题： Well-posedness of initial boundary value problems for 2D compressible MHD equations in domains with corners

Dharamveer Kumar, Amuthan A. Ramabathiran

主题： 偏微分方程分析 (math.AP) ; 数学物理 (math-ph)

在本文中，研究了在具有角点的有界完美导电域中二维可压缩理想磁流体动力学（MHD）方程的初边值问题的适定性。角点的存在带来了内在的分析障碍：边界缺乏平滑的切向向量，这使得无法使用经典的各向异性Sobolev空间，而且由于角点附近法向导数的耦合，不能按照通常的方法从方程中估计解的法向导数。为克服这些困难，引入了一类新的各向异性Sobolev空间$H^m_*(Ω)$来处理角点几何结构。在此框架下，得到了满足不可渗透和完美导电边界条件的可压缩理想MHD方程的线性和非线性问题的适定性理论。相关的线性化问题分几个步骤进行研究：首先通过高阶切向空间中的对偶性论证得出弱解的存在性，然后通过几种保持迹的平滑过程验证其确实为强解，从而得到弱强唯一性结果，之后通过结合MHD方程的结构与速度场和磁场的Helmholtz型分解来获得法向导数的估计。 显示英文摘要

In this paper, the well-posedness is studied for the initial boundary value problem of the two-dimensional compressible ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in bounded perfectly conducting domains with corners. The presence of corners yields intrinsic analytic obstacles: the lack of smooth tangential vectors to the boundary prevents the use of classical anisotropic Sobolev spaces, and due to the coupling of normal derivatives near corners, one can not follow the usual way to estimate the normal derivatives of solutions from the equations. To overcome these difficulties, a new class of anisotropic Sobolev spaces $H^m_*(Ω)$ is introduced to treat corner geometries. Within this framework, the well-posedness theory is obtained for both linear and nonlinear problems of the compressible ideal MHD equations with the impermeable and perfectly conducting boundary conditions. The associated linearized problem is studied in several steps: first one deduces the existence of weak solutions by using a duality argument in high order tangential spaces, then verifies that it is indeed a strong solution by several smoothing procedures preserving traces to get a weak-strong uniqueness result, afterwards the estimates of normal derivatives are obtained by combining the structure of MHD equations with the Helmholtz-type decomposition for both of velocity and magnetic fields.

[87] arXiv:2510.20662 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 从反射正性无挫伤哈密顿量中得到的拓扑序 显示英文标题

标题： Topological Orders from Reflection Positive Frustration-free Hamiltonians

Javier Feijóo (1 and 2), Aníbal Iucci (1 and 2), Alejandro M. Lobos (3 and 4) ((1) Instituto de Física La Plata, Argentina, (2) Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, (3) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo and CONICET, Argentina, (4) Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas (CONICET-UNCuyo))

评论： 37页，6张图。添加结论部分并更正v1中的一些拼写错误。欢迎提出意见

主题： 数学物理 (math-ph) ; 强关联电子 (cond-mat.str-el) ; 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我们建立了一个以反射正性为第一原理的框架，用于建立拓扑有序量子自旋系统的边界理论。 对于任何反射正性的无挫折哈密顿量，我们证明了在圆盘上的基态的局部拓扑量子秩序（LTQO）条件成立当且仅当球面上的基态是非简并的。 此外，我们表明奥斯特瓦尔德-施雷德重构从局部基态中产生了边界局部算子代数网。 显示英文摘要

We establish a framework with reflection positivity as the first principle for establishing the boundary theory of topologically ordered quantum spin systems. For any reflection positive frustration-free Hamiltonian, We proved that the local topological quantum order (LTQO) condition of ground states on a disk holds if and only if the ground state on the sphere is non-degenerate. Furthermore, we show that the Osterwalder-Schrader reconstruction produces the boundary local net of operator algebras from the local ground states.

[88] arXiv:2511.14121 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 平衡热力学的规范量子化 显示英文标题

标题： Canonical quantization for Equilibrium Thermodynamics

Lea Gassab, Onur Pusuluk, Marco Cattaneo, Özgür E. Müstecaplıoğlu

评论： 15+3页，没有图表。欢迎提出意见！

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph)

我们通过应用狄拉克的约束系统理论，对平衡热力学进行规范量子化。 热力学变量被当作共轭坐标和动量对处理，使得广延量和强度量能够在希尔伯特空间中提升为算符。 该形式化方法应用于理想气体、范德瓦尔斯气体和光子气体，展示了第一类和第二类量子化过程。 对于理想气体，出现一个类似于薛定谔方程的方程，其中熵扮演时间的角色，波函数的相位由内能决定。 一个伪厄米特框架恢复了温度算符的厄米性，并建立了约束实现之间的等价性。 这种方法自然导致热力学不确定关系，并暗示向量子和拓扑相变以及黑洞和非平衡热力学的扩展。 显示英文摘要

We formulate a canonical quantization of Equilibrium Thermodynamics by applying Dirac's theory of constrained systems. Thermodynamic variables are treated as conjugate pairs of coordinates and momenta, allowing extensive and intensive quantities to be promoted to operators in a Hilbert space. The formalism is applied to the ideal gas, the van der Waals gas, and the photon gas, illustrating both first- and second-class quantization procedures. For the ideal gas, a Schrödinger-like equation emerges in which entropy plays the role of time, and the wave function acquires a phase determined by the internal energy. A pseudo-Hermitian framework restores Hermiticity of the temperature operator and establishes the equivalence among constraint realizations. The approach naturally leads to thermodynamic uncertainty relations and suggests extensions to quantum and topological phase transitions, as well as black-hole and non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

[89] arXiv:2504.06056 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： LdT：基于GNSS推导的TEC变化率的新电离层活动指数 显示英文标题

标题： LdT: A new index of ionospheric activity based on GNSS-derived rates of change in TEC

Juan Barandiaran, Martin Rivas

评论： 18页

主题： 空间物理 (physics.space-ph)

如今，我们社会的许多方面都依赖于卫星电信，例如需要全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）的应用。 GNSS基于通过电离层传播的无线电波，并会因电离层电子密度的不均匀性而经历复杂的传播效应。 地球的电离层是太阳-地球环境的一部分，其状态由电子密度的空间分布和时间演变所决定。 它会随着太阳活动和地磁条件的“空间天气”组合而变化。 值得注意的是，用于卫星电信的无线电波由于电离层等离子体的色散特性而受到影响。 已经存在一些尺度和指标，用于总结由于太阳活动和地磁条件而产生的太阳-地球环境状态。 然而，电离层对活跃地磁条件的响应、其地效性以及其对系统和服务的可能影响并未被这些指标所涵盖。 这是由于电离层本身存在日常的变异性、持续的季节性模式，以及对电离层的无线电波测量依赖于许多因素。 在此，我们开发了一个新的指标，在特定空间天气条件下描述电离层的状态。 它基于GNSS信号中的传播扰动，并能够近实时地表征电离层扰动的时空演变。 这个新尺度涵盖了日常变异性、季节性模式以及电离层对受扰空间天气条件的地效响应；并且可以应用于任何GNSS网络的数据。 旨在使提供空间天气服务的机构以及服务运营商使用这一新尺度，以了解电离层的当前状况，从而指导他们的操作。 显示英文摘要

Many aspects of our societies now depend upon satellite telecommunications, such as those requiring Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). GNSS is based on radio waves that propagate through the ionosphere and experience complicated propagation effects caused by inhomogeneities in its electron density. The Earth's ionosphere forms part of the solar-terrestrial environment, and its state is determined by the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of its electron density. It varies in response to the "space weather" combination of solar activity and geomagnetic conditions. Notably, the radio waves used in satellite telecommunications suffer due to the dispersive nature of the ionospheric plasma. Scales and indices that summarise the state of the solar-terrestrial environment due to solar activity and geomagnetic conditions already exist. However, the response of the ionosphere to active geomagnetic conditions, its geoeffectiveness, and its likely impact on systems and services are not encapsulated by these. This is due to the ionosphere's intrinsic day-to-day variability, persistent seasonal patterns, and because radio wave measurements of the ionosphere depend upon many factors. Here we develop a novel index that describes the state of the ionosphere during specific space weather conditions. It is based on propagation disturbances in GNSS signals, and is able to characterise the spatio-temporal evolution of ionospheric disturbances in near real time. This new scale encapsulates day-to-day variability, seasonal patterns, and the geo-effective response of the ionosphere to disturbed space weather conditions; and can be applied to data from any GNSS network. It is intended that this new scale will be utilised by agencies providing space weather services, as well as by service operators to appreciate the current conditions in the ionosphere, thus informing their operations.

[90] arXiv:2511.14155 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 使用少体和格点QCD理论的簇现象 显示英文标题

标题： Cluster phenomena using few-body and Lattice QCD theories

C. F. Groß, S. Romiti, L. Funcke, K. Jansen, A. Kan, S. Kühn, C. Urbach

评论： 19页，5图，已接受发表于《Eur. Phys. J. A》

主题： 核理论 (nucl-th) ; 高能物理 - 格点 (hep-lat) ; 高能物理 - 现象学 (hep-ph) ; 核实验 (nucl-ex)

随着重子-重子相互作用的第一性原理计算的发展，通过HAL QCD方法进行的格点QCD模拟，可以得到可靠的超子-核子势。高精度的少体方法，如高斯展开方法（GEM），适用于求解最多四体和五体的量子少体系统。通过将HAL QCD势与GEM相结合，可以在实验观测之前预测新型超核的能级结构。在本综述中，我们利用通过HAL QCD方法获得的格点QCD$NΞ$势来研究少体系统$NNΞ$和$NNNΞ$。我们的分析表明，最轻的结合$Ξ$超核是$NNNΞ$系统。 为了提取关于$NΞ$相互作用的同位旋和自旋分量的详细信息，我们对具有总同位旋$T = 0$和$T = 1$的$ααNΞ$系统进行四体计算。 我们证明该系统的能级结构对$NΞ$相互作用的同位旋和自旋依赖性非常敏感。 此外，我们提出实验研究，通过在 $^4$He 和 $^{10}$B 靶上进行 $(K^-, K^+)$和 $(K^-, K^0)$反应来产生 $NNNΞ$ 和 $ααNΞ$ 系统。 显示英文摘要

With the advancement of first-principles calculations for baryon-baryon interactions, it becomes possible to obtain reliable hyperon-nucleon potentials by lattice QCD simulations with the HAL QCD method. High-precision few-body methods, such as the Gaussian Expansion Method (GEM), are applicable to solve quantum few-body systems up to four- and five-body systems. By combining the HAL QCD potentials with the GEM, one can predict the level structure of novel hypernuclei prior to experimental observation. In this review, we utilize the lattice QCD $NΞ$ potential obtained by the HAL QCD method to investigate the few-body systems $NNΞ$ and $NNNΞ$. Our analysis indicates that the lightest bound $Ξ$ hypernucleus is the $NNNΞ$ system. To extract detailed information on the isospin and spin components of the $NΞ$ interaction, we perform a four-body calculation for the $ααNΞ$ system with the total isospin $T = 0$ and $T = 1$. We demonstrate that the level structure of this system is sensitive to the isospin and spin dependencies of the $NΞ$ interaction. Furthermore, we propose experimental investigations to produce the $NNNΞ$ and $ααNΞ$ systems via the $(K^-, K^+)$ and $(K^-, K^0)$ reactions on $^4$He and $^{10}$B targets, respectively.

[91] arXiv:2408.05302 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 通用非平衡稳态的Lindbladian逆工程：一种可扩展的零空间方法 显示英文标题

标题： Lindbladian reverse engineering for general non-equilibrium steady states: A scalable null-space approach

Kunling Zhou, Zihe Yang, Bowen Zeng, Yong Hu

评论： 12页，11图

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 统计力学 (cond-mat.stat-mech)

开放系统动力学的研究在基础方面以及在量子技术中的潜在应用方面都具有重要意义。 在更简单且最常被研究的情况下，系统的动力学可以用Lindblad主方程来描述。 然而，确定导致一般非平衡稳态（NESS）的Lindbladian通常是一个非平凡且具有挑战性的任务。 在这里，我们介绍了一种方法，用于在给定任何目标NESS的情况下重建相应的Lindbladian主方程，即一种\textit{林德布兰德反向工程}（$\mathcal{L}$RE）方法。 该方法将重建任务映射到一个简单的线性问题。 具体来说，就是对一个相关矩阵进行对角化，其元素是NESS可观测量，且其大小随着哈密顿量（Lindblad跃迁算符）假设中的项数呈线性（最多二次）增长。 相关矩阵的核（零空间）对应于Lindbladian解。 此外，该映射定义了一个$\mathcal{L}$RE的充要条件，它同时作为必要条件和充分条件；因此，它不仅定义了可能的导致目标NESS的Lindbladian演化，还确定了在所提出的设置中此类演化的可行性。 我们在不同的系统中展示了该方法，从玻色子高斯系统、耗散驱动的集体自旋和随机局部自旋模型。 显示英文摘要

The study of open system dynamics is of paramount importance both from its fundamental aspects as well as from its potential applications in quantum technologies. In the simpler and most commonly studied case, the dynamics of the system can be described by a Lindblad master equation. However, identifying the Lindbladian that leads to general non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) is usually a non-trivial and challenging task. Here we introduce a method for reconstructing the corresponding Lindbaldian master equation given any target NESS, i.e., a \textit{Lindbladian Reverse Engineering} ($\mathcal{L}$RE) approach. The method maps the reconstruction task to a simple linear problem. Specifically, to the diagonalization of a correlation matrix whose elements are NESS observables and whose size scales linearly (at most quadratically) with the number of terms in the Hamiltonian (Lindblad jump operator) ansatz. The kernel (null-space) of the correlation matrix corresponds to Lindbladian solutions. Moreover, the map defines an iff condition for $\mathcal{L}$RE, which works as both a necessary and a sufficient condition; thus, it not only defines, if possible, Lindbladian evolutions leading to the target NESS, but also determines the feasibility of such evolutions in a proposed setup. We illustrate the method in different systems, ranging from bosonic Gaussian systems, dissipative-driven collective spins and random local spin models.

[92] arXiv:2511.13964 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 石墨各向异性介电函数的远场和近场光谱学探测 显示英文标题

标题： Anisotropic Dielectric Function of Graphite Probed by Far- and Near-Field Spectroscopies

L. Ruks, J. Ruostekoski

评论： 13页，5图

主题： 光学 (physics.optics) ; 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)

石墨是革命性技术的核心材料，从能量存储到整个二维材料领域。 尽管其基础作用至关重要，但预测范德华异质结构中出现的光学行为所需的预测能力，由于报道的光学常数中存在的持续差异而受到严重限制。 我们通过部署一种多模式方法，将远场光谱椭偏仪与纳米尺度近场光学探测（s-SNOM）和微反射光谱相结合，解决了这一长期存在的模糊问题。 我们建立了一组新的、自洽的光学常数（n 和 k），适用于从紫外到近红外光谱范围内的平面内和平面外晶体学方向。 这项工作提供了一组统一的光学常数，解决了现有文献中的不一致之处。 通过建立这一明确的参考标准，我们为碳基纳米光子学不断发展的领域中光-物质相互作用的定量建模和工程提供了必要的基础。 显示英文摘要

Graphite is a cornerstone material for revolutionary technologies, from energy storage to the entire field of two-dimensional materials. Despite its foundational role, the predictive power required for engineering emergent optical behavior in van der Waals heterostructures is severely constrained by persistent discrepancies in reported optical constants. We resolve this long-standing ambiguity by deploying a multi-modal approach that synergizes far-field spectroscopic ellipsometry with nanoscale near-field optical probing (s-SNOM) and micro-reflectance spectroscopy. We have established a new, self-consistent set of optical constants (n and k) for both in-plane and out-of-plane crystallographic directions across the ultraviolet-to-near-infrared spectrum. This work presents a unified set of optical constants that addresses inconsistencies in the existing literature. By establishing this definitive reference, we provide the essential foundation for the quantitative modeling and engineering of light-matter interactions in the evolving landscape of carbon-based nanophotonics.

[93] arXiv:2505.07269 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 伪势，一种被忽视的DFT误差来源和解决方法 显示英文标题

标题： Pseudopotentials, an overlooked source and remedy of DFT errors

Elrina Hartman, Michael E Tobar, Ben T McAllister, Jeremy F Bourhill, Andreas Erb, Maxim Goryachev

评论： 被《化学理论与计算杂志》接受

主题： 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ; 计算物理 (physics.comp-ph)

第一性原理计算高度依赖赝势，但它们对准确性的影响几乎未被讨论。 在本工作中，我们表明迄今为止大多数赝势引入了误差，这些误差表现为原子能级的误差，导致与Hohenberg-Kohn定理的$de facto$偏离。 我们考虑了原子级调整的赝势，其与交换-关联泛函的相互作用提供了一种实用的修正，平衡了准确性和效率。 我们通过包含单价Cu的54种半导体的带隙计算来验证我们的理论。 与传统研究的结果相比，这些结果不仅消除了11种化合物的所有错误金属预测，还将平均相对误差从80%降低到20%。 总体准确性甚至超过了标准杂化泛函和GW方法。 显示英文摘要

First-principles calculations rely heavily on pseudopotentials, yet their impact on accuracy is hardly addressed. In this work, we show that most pseudopotentials to date introduce errors, which manifest themselves as errors of atomic energy levels, leading to a $de facto$ deviation from the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem. We consider the atomic-level adjusted pseudopotentials, whose interplay with exchange-correlation functional provides a pragmatic correction that balances accuracy and efficiency. We benchmark our theory with bandgap calculation for 54 semiconductors containing monovalent Cu. The results, compared to those from conventional studies, not only remove all erroneous metal predictions for 11 compounds, but also reduce the mean relative error from 80\% to 20\%. Overall accuracy even exceeds those of standard hybrid functionals and GW methods.

[94] arXiv:2511.14373 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 在高电流脉冲辐射束装置TEMP-B上对韧致辐射X射线残留的总剂量测定 显示英文标题

标题： Determination of the total dose of bremsstrahlung X-RAY reminiscence on the high-current pulsed radiation-beam complex TEMP-B

B. Dubetsky

评论： 5页，5图

主题： 加速器物理 (physics.acc-ph)

本文报告了基于高电流脉冲直接作用电子加速器Temp-B的强大X射线源产生的X射线制动辐射的总剂量测量结果。 加速器产生的高电流、管状相对论电子束的参数如下：能量600 keV，电流13.5 kA，脉冲持续时间1.0 mks。 利用螺线管的脉冲磁场，从磁隔离二极管中产生的电子束被传输了55厘米的距离，朝向钼转换器。 一个辅助线圈与螺线管串联放置在它旁边，以在转换器区域提供所需的磁场并避免束流损失。 描述了确定所产生的X射线制动辐射总剂量的方法。 使用多晶检测器测量X射线制动辐射剂量。 它们位于转换器后方80毫米处的极平面内，间隔20度。 对极角上剂量分布的测量显示，相对于轴线，在极角和方位角上辐射具有对称分布。 考虑到这种对称性以及电子束仅向前进半球辐射的事实，整个球面的积分可以简化为仅对球面的1/8部分进行积分，从而减少所需的传感器数量。 实验获得的X射线制动辐射总剂量为每次加速器电流脉冲的388.5 Gy，集中在与束流运动方向一致的120度锥体内。 显示英文摘要

The paper reports the results of measuring the total dose of X-ray bremsstrahlung from a powerful X-ray source based on the high-current pulsed direct-action electron accelerator Temp-B. The parameters of the high-current, tubular relativistic electron beam from the accelerator were as follows: energy 600 keV, current 13.5 kA, and pulse duration 1.0 mks. Using the pulsed magnetic field of a solenoid, the electron beam generated in a magnetically isolated diode was transported over a 55 cm distance toward the molybdenum converter. An auxiliary coil, connected in series with the solenoid, was placed adjacent to it to provide the desired magnetic field in the converter region and avoid beam losses. The methodology for determining the total dose of the produced X-ray bremsstrahlung is described. Polycrystalline detectors were used for measuring the X-ray bremsstrahlung dose. They were located 80 mm behind the converter in the polar plane, with a 20 deg separation. Measurements of the dose distribution over the polar angle showed symmetrical distributions of the radiation at both polar and azimuthal angles relative to the axis. Taking into account such symmetry and the fact that the electron beam radiates solely into the forward hemisphere, the integration over the entire sphere can be reduced to integration over just a fraction of 1/8 of the spherical surface, thereby reducing the required number of sensors. The experimentally obtained value of the total dose of the X-ray bremsstrahlung is 388.5 Gy per single pulse of the accelerator current, which is concentrated in a 120 deg cone in the direction of the beam movement.

[95] arXiv:2501.09915 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 玻色子Bogoliubov-de Gennes系统中的非厄米亚哈伦洛夫-博姆笼 显示英文标题

标题： Non-Hermitian Aharonov-Bohm Cage in Bosonic Bogoliubov-de Gennes Systems

Zhengwei Liu, Zishuo Zhao

评论： 10页，4图，一张表

期刊参考： 物理评论B 111，224308（2025）

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 其他凝聚态物理 (cond-mat.other)

非厄米Aharonov-Bohm（AB）笼是一种独特的局域化现象，能够束缚所有可能的激发。这种局域化导致动量空间中的完全平坦谱，这些谱通常伴随着各种类型的简并。对简并类型的分类对于研究非厄米AB笼的动力学特性至关重要，但此类分类的方法及其物理联系仍不够清晰。在这里，我们在具有各种类型简并平坦带（DFBs）的玻色子Bogoliubov-de Gennes（BdG）系统中构建了一个非厄米AB笼。使用传递矩阵，我们展示了AB笼形成的位置机制，并推导出用于分类DFBs简并类型的数学最小多项式，从而提供了对DFBs简并类型、最小多项式和传递矩阵之间对应关系的全面理解。通过这种对应关系，我们提出了一种实现高度简并平坦带的方案。 显示英文摘要

The non-Hermitian Aharonov-Bohm (AB) cage is a unique localization phenomenon that confines all possible excitations. This confinement leads to fully flat spectra in momentum space, which are typically accompanied with the degeneracy with various types. Classifying the degeneracy type is crucial for studying the dynamical properties of the non-Hermitian AB cage, but the methods for such classification and their physical connections remain not very clear. Here, we construct a non-Hermitian AB cage in a bosonic Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) system with various types of degenerate flat bands (DFBs). Using the transfer matrix, we demonstrate the localization mechanism for the formation of AB cage and derive the minimal polynomial in mathematics for classifying the degeneracy types of DFBs, thus providing comprehensive understanding of the correspondence among the degeneracy type of DFBs, the minimal polynomial, and the transfer matrix. With such correspondence, we propose a scheme to realize highly degenerate flat bands.

[96] arXiv:2511.14486 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 基于反射率的范德华材料折射率测量 显示英文标题

标题： Reflectivity-based refractive index measurement of van der Waals materials

Kyle Matkovic, Patrick Russell, Andrew Palmer, Eric Helgemo, Lukas Delventhal, Kun Zuo, Kundan Surse, Rajib Rahman, Maja C. Cassidy

评论： 4页，4图

主题： 光学 (physics.optics) ; 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)

我们提出了一种基于反射率的方法，用于测量透明范德华（vdW）材料的面内折射率。 该方法能够在不假设折射率的特定光谱形状的情况下，对非透射基底上的最小为$3 \times 3$~{\textmu }m$^2$的剥离薄片进行表征。 剥离薄片最常见的是通过机械剥离获得，通常会产生横向尺寸为几十微米的vdW薄片。 因此，传统椭偏仪——依赖于大而均匀的区域和特定的光谱模型——在应用上变得具有挑战性。 我们的方法直接从反射率极小值的光谱位置确定折射率，前提是已知薄片厚度和基底复折射率。 我们在二硫化铪（HfS$_2$）上展示了该技术，这是一种具有高折射率和低吸收率的vdW半导体，在可见光范围内测得了其面内折射率。 结果不仅验证了之前的椭偏仪测量，还确立了该方法作为vdW材料折射率表征的一种可访问且无需光谱模型的替代方法。 显示英文摘要

We present a reflectivity-based method for measuring the in-plane refractive index of transparent van der Waals (vdW) materials. The approach enables the characterization of as small as $3 \times 3$~{\textmu}m$^2$ exfoliated flakes on a non-transmissive substrate without assuming any specific spectral shape of the refractive index. Exfoliated flakes are most commonly obtained through mechanical exfoliation, which generally produces vdW flakes with tens-of-micron lateral dimensions. As a result, conventional ellipsometry - which depends on large, uniform areas and specific spectral models - becomes challenging to apply. Our method determines the refractive index directly from the spectral position of reflectivity minima, provided the flake thickness and the substrate complex refractive index are known. We demonstrate the technique on hafnium disulfide (HfS$_2$), a vdW semiconductor with high refractive index and low absorption, retrieving its in-plane refractive index across the visible range. The results both validate previous ellipsometry measurements and establish this method as an accessible and spectral-model-free alternative for refractive index characterization of vdW materials.

[97] arXiv:2511.14363 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, 其他]

标题： 量子生物学，量子模拟和量子相干器件 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum Biology, Quantum Simulation and Quantum Coherent Devices

Vijay Balasubramanian, Pawel Caputa, Joan Simón

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 材料科学 (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ; 生物物理 (physics.bio-ph)

许多生物有机体可以利用量子力学效应来获得独特的生物学优势。 在植物中，光合作用利用量子相干性实现能量传递的近100%效率。 随着实验技术的进步，二维电子光谱可以揭示系统内的动态过程，如相干性和耦合，并在研究光合作用中的能量传递中发挥重要作用。 在理论方面，广义布洛赫-雷德菲尔德理论和层次运动方程等方法被用于模拟光合系统。 量子模拟作为一种高效且低复杂度的方法，在光合作用的研究中已在各种平台上取得进展。 近年来，一系列研究将量子相干性引入人工系统以提高能量传递效率，为设计具有高效能量传输的相干器件奠定了基础。 鸟类可以利用微弱的地磁场和自旋依赖的化学反应来探测方向。 动物导航的理论框架包括基于磁铁矿的机制、磁感受基因和自由基对机制。 导航的量子模拟也在多个平台上取得了进展。 受动物导航的启发，多种量子效应已被应用于提高传感能力和支持导航任务。 本文综述了光合作用和鸟类导航中量子相干性的研究进展，以及相关的理论方法、量子模拟方法和量子相干器件的研究。 显示英文摘要

Many living organisms can exploit quantum mechanical effects to gain distinct biological advantages. In plants, photosynthesis uses quantum coherence to achieve near 100% efficiency in energy transfer. With advances in experimental techniques, two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy can reveal dynamic processes such as coherence and coupling within a system, and it plays an important role in studying energy transfer in photosynthesis. On the theory side, methods such as the generalized Bloch-Redfield theory and the hierarchical equations of motion are used to model photosynthetic systems. Quantum simulation, as a high-efficiency and low-complexity approach, has also made progress across various platforms in the study of photosynthesis. In recent years, a series of studies has introduced quantum coherence into artificial systems to enhance energy transfer efficiency, laying the groundwork for the design of coherent devices with efficient energy transport. Birds can use the weak geomagnetic field and spin-dependent chemical reactions to detect direction. Theoretical frameworks for animal navigation include magnetite-based mechanisms, magnetoreceptor genes, and the radical-pair mechanism. Quantum simulations of navigation have also advanced on multiple platforms. Inspired by animal navigation, diverse quantum effects have been applied to improve sensing and to support navigation tasks. This paper presents a comprehensive review of progress on quantum coherence in photosynthesis and avian navigation, along with related theoretical methods, quantum simulation approaches, and research on quantum coherent devices.

[98] arXiv:2511.13829 (替换) [中文pdf, pdf, html, 其他]

标题： 实现酉$k$-设计的单一淬火 显示英文标题

标题： Realizing Unitary $k$-designs with a Single Quench

Cecilie Hermansen, Jens Paaske

评论： 5页，4图，附录10页

主题： 量子物理 (quant-ph) ; 量子气体 (cond-mat.quant-gas) ; 统计力学 (cond-mat.stat-mech) ; 强关联电子 (cond-mat.str-el) ; 高能物理 - 理论 (hep-th)

我们提出了一种单次淬火协议，该协议在最小控制下生成单位酉$k$-设计。系统首先在随机哈密顿量$H_1$下演化；在切换时间$t_s \geq t_{\mathrm{Th}}$（汤普森时间）时，它被淬火到同一集合中独立抽取的$H_2$，然后在$H_2$下演化。这种单次淬火打破了残留的光谱相关性，这些相关性会阻止严格时间无关的混沌动力学形成高阶设计。产生的集合仅使用一次控制操作就接近单位酉$k$-设计——比具有连续随机耦合的布朗方案或在短时间间隔应用随机淬火的协议要简单得多。除了提供一种直接获得类似哈尔回随机性的途径外，该协议还给出了$t_{\mathrm{Th}}$的操作性、可测量定义，并提供了混沌性的定量诊断。它进一步支持对称性分辨和开放系统扩展、电路级别的单次淬火类比，以及在随机测量、基准测试和层析成像中的直接应用。 显示英文摘要

We present a single-quench protocol that generates unitary $k$-designs with minimal control. A system first evolves under a random Hamiltonian $H_1$; at a switch time $t_s \geq t_{\mathrm{Th}}$ (the Thouless time), it is quenched to an independently drawn $H_2$ from the same ensemble and then evolves under $H_2$. This single quench breaks residual spectral correlations that prevent strictly time-independent chaotic dynamics from forming higher-order designs. The resulting ensemble approaches a unitary $k$-design using only a single control operation -- far simpler than Brownian schemes with continuously randomized couplings or protocols that apply random quenches at short time intervals. Beyond offering a direct route to Haar-like randomness, the protocol yields an operational, measurement-friendly definition of $t_{\mathrm{Th}}$ and provides a quantitative diagnostic of chaoticity. It further enables symmetry-resolved and open-system extensions, circuit-level single-quench analogs, and immediate applications to randomized measurements, benchmarking, and tomography.