标题： 光球及亚光球中 emerging 磁通量的动力学特性 显示英文标题

标题： Photospheric and Subphotospheric Dynamics of Emerging Magnetic Flux

摘要： 来自太阳内部的磁场携带着关于磁场在对流区生成和传输的物理过程的信息。在太阳表面出现后不久，磁通量便集中在黑子区域，并引发众多太阳活动现象。本文讨论了在太阳表面和内部观测到的一些新兴磁通量的特性。统计分析表明，在双极磁场区域浮现过程中，相对于赤道的系统性倾斜（Joy定律）很可能是在表面以下建立的。然而，没有发现磁通量倾角与浮现磁通量数量之间的依赖关系，这一关系是由上升磁通量绳理论预测的。对一个大型新兴活动区的表面等离子体流分析显示，在浮现初期存在强烈的局部上下涌动，但未发现指示大规模磁场结构未来出现的大规模流动证据。局部日震学提供了重要的工具，用于绘制表面下波速和质量流扰动图。SOHO/MDI和GONG的初步结果显示，在磁通量浮现期间存在强烈的发散流，同时在稳定的黑子周围发现局部汇聚流。在NOAA 10488大型活动区形成过程中获得的波速图像表明，磁通量集中在接近表面的强场结构中。进一步研究磁通量浮现需要系统的地面和空间日震观测以及真实的MHD次表层动力学模拟。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Magnetic fields emerging from the Sun's interior carry information about physical processes of magnetic field generation and transport in the convection zone. Soon after appearance on the solar surface the magnetic flux gets concentrated in sunspot regions and causes numerous active phenomena on the Sun. This paper discusses some properties of the emerging magnetic flux observed on the solar surface and in the interior. A statistical analysis of variations of the tilt angle of bipolar magnetic regions during the emergence shows that the systematic tilt with respect to the equator (the Joy's law) is most likely established below the surface. However, no evidence of the dependence of the tilt angle on the amount of emerging magnetic flux, predicted by the rising magnetic flux rope theories, is found. Analysis of surface plasma flows in a large emerging active region reveals strong localized upflows and downflows at the initial phase of emergence but finds no evidence for large-scale flows indicating future appearance a large-scale magnetic structure. Local helioseismology provides important tools for mapping perturbations of the wave speed and mass flows below the surface. Initial results from SOHO/MDI and GONG reveal strong diverging flows during the flux emergence, and also localized converging flows around stable sunspots. The wave speed images obtained during the process of formation of a large active region, NOAA 10488, indicate that the magnetic flux gets concentrated in strong field structures just below the surface. Further studies of magnetic flux emergence require systematic helioseismic observations from the ground and space, and realistic MHD simulations of the subsurface dynamics.