标题： 探测原恒星反馈在星团形成中的作用。 绘制NGC 2264-C塌缩原恒星团的外流图 显示英文标题

标题： Probing the role of protostellar feedback in clustered star formation. Mapping outflows in the collapsing protocluster NGC 2264-C

摘要： 原恒星反馈在星团形成中的作用仍存在争议。 特别是，原恒星喷流被认为是星团形成云块湍流的来源，这可能在几个自由落体时间内提供对整体塌缩的支持。 在这里，我们试图通过量化由原恒星喷流注入周围介质的湍流和支撑量，在NGC 2264-C原星团这一有详细记录的情况下测试上述假设。 利用IRAM 30米望远镜上的HERA频谱阵列，我们对该区域进行了详细的分子线谱线观测，包括12CO(2-1)，13CO(2-1)和C18O(2-1)三条跃迁线。 我们发现了广泛的高速12CO发射，表明存在十一个喷流束，这些喷流束与之前在原星团中检测到的紧凑毫米波连续光源紧密相关。 我们对这些喷流的动力学参数进行了详细分析，包括总体动量通量注入星团形成云块的定量评估。 这些动力学参数与云块的引力和湍流特性进行了比较。 我们显示，在NGC 2264-C中识别出的原恒星喷流群体可能对观测到的湍流贡献了显著比例，但不能有效地支持原星团抵抗整体塌缩。 目前，重力似乎在NGC 2264-C云块的动力学中占据主导地位。 然而，在原星团进一步演化过程中，如果恒星形成率增加，可能会触发足够的喷流，最终停止云块的收缩。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The role played by protostellar feedback in clustered star formation is still a matter of debate. In particular, protostellar outflows have been proposed as a source of turbulence in cluster-forming clumps, which may provide support against global collapse for several free-fall times. Here, we seek to test the above hypothesis in the case of the well-documented NGC 2264-C protocluster, byquantifying the amount of turbulence and support injected in the surrounding medium by protostellar outflows. Using the HERA heterodyne array on the IRAM 30m telescope, we carried out an extensive mapping of NGC 2264-C in the three molecular line transitions 12CO(2-1), 13CO(2-1), and C18O(2-1). We found widespread high-velocity 12CO emission, testifying to the presence of eleven outflow lobes, closely linked to the compact millimeter continuum sources previously detected in the protocluster. We carried out a detailed analysis of the dynamical parameters of these outflows, including a quantitative evaluation of the overall momentum flux injected in the cluster-forming clump. These dynamical parameters were compared to the gravitational and turbulent properties of the clump. We show that the population of protostellar outflows identified in NGC 2264-C are likely to contribute a significant fraction of the observed turbulence but cannot efficiently support the protocluster against global collapse. Gravity appears to largely dominate the dynamics of the NGC 2264-C clump at the present time. It is however possible that an increase in the star formation rate during the further evolution of the protocluster will trigger sufficient outflows to finally halt the contraction of the cloud.