标题： 关于皮埃尔-约瑟夫·蒲鲁东的股票市场投机的讨论 显示英文标题

标题： A discussion of stock market speculation by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon

摘要： 本贡献的目的是阐述法国经济学家皮埃尔-约瑟夫·蒲鲁东（1809-1865）关于股市投机原因和影响的思想。 它是基于该作者的作品，特别是他于1857年在巴黎出版的《股市投机者手册》（Manuel du spéculateur à la Bourse）。 然而，与今天的市场相比，蒲鲁东所描述的股市显得还处于胚胎阶段。 尽管如此，它仍然是金融资产、商品、贵金属甚至一些涉及期权交易的场所。 本贡献的结构如下——第一部分专门讨论蒲鲁东关于投机思想的发展。 它分为两部分。 第一部分致力于 皮埃尔-约瑟夫·蒲鲁东对股市投机或股票赌博的定义，对他而言，这种行为无论从人类还是经济角度来看都没有意义，因此应受到谴责，并应与企业家投机相区别，虽然企业家投机是一项高风险活动，但体现了企业精神，并为经济增长提供活力。 第二部分使我们能够提出皮埃尔-约瑟 Joseph Proudhon 关于限制他认为令人反感的投机的建议。 第二部分有两个目标：一部分将蒲鲁东的观点和第二帝国时期股市活动的特点放在一定背景下，另一部分则考察蒲鲁东所描述特点的现代方面。 我们特别关注监管问题以及某些会计实践当今的相关性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The object of this contribution is to present the ideas behind the thinking of the French economist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865) in relation to the causes and effects of Stock market speculation. It is based upon the works of this author but particularly on his "Manuel du sp\'eculateur \`a la Bourse" (Stock Market Speculator Manual) edited in 1857 in Paris. Compared to the markets of today, however, the stock market described by Proudhon appears embryonic. Nevertheless it represents the location for transactions in financial assets, commodities, precious metals and even some transactions involving options. This contribution is organised in the following manner - the first section is devoted to the development of Proudhon's thought in relation to speculation. It is divided into two parts. The first part is dedicated to Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's definitions of stock market speculation or gambling with shares that for him served no purpose either from a human or economic perspective and was therefore condemnable and to be contrasted with entrepreneurial speculation that, even though it is a highly-risky activity, involves the spirit of enterprise and provides the lifeblood of economic growth. The second part allows us to present Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's propositions in relation to restricting the speculation that he considers obnoxious. The second section has two objectives: one part places in perspective the views of Proudhon and the characteristics of stock market activity under the Second Empire whilst the other part examines current-day aspects of the characteristics evoked by Proudhon. We are interested especially in the question of the regulation and that of the relevance today of certain accounting practices.