标题： 低温大气的偏振：从太阳到系外行星 显示英文标题

标题： Polarimetry of cool atmospheres: From the Sun to exoplanets

摘要： 这是自Berdyugina等人（2000年）以来十年努力开发用于探索冷天体介质磁性的新工具，并建立分子光谱偏振学新领域的一篇综述。 它最直接适用于太阳、冷恒星、亚恒星天体、行星及其他小天体以及星际和星周物质。 它已接近成为一个成熟的领域，具备了能够揭示较冷环境中磁结构的新理论工具。 在这里，我尝试对文献进行广泛描述并展示一些最近令人兴奋的结果。 特别是，在太阳极化工作坊第3次会议上的纲领性综述之后，我讨论了基于约十几种双原子分子建模的分子磁诊断进展，这些分子具有各种电子跃迁和状态，包括最具挑战性的FeH。 应用范围从太阳黑子扩展到恒星黑子、太阳的小尺度和湍流磁场、红矮星和白矮星，以及诸如原行星盘和系外行星偏振测量等衍生领域。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This is a review of a decade-long effort to develop novel tools for exploring magnetism in cold astrophysical media and to establish a new field of molecular spectropolarimetry since Berdyugina et al. (2000). It is most directly applicable to the Sun, cool stars, substellar objects, planets and other minor bodies as well as interstellar and circumstellar matter. It is close to being a mature field with developed theoretical tools poised to uncover new insights into the magnetic structures in cooler environments. Here I attempt a broad description of the literature and present some recent exciting results. In particular, following my programmatic review at Solar Polarization Workshop 3, I discuss advances in molecular magnetic diagnostics which are based on the modeling of about a dozen diatomic molecules with various electronic transitions and states, including the most challenging - FeH. The applications stretch from sunspots to starspots, small-scale and turbulent solar magnetic fields, red and white dwarfs, and spin-offs such as polarimetry of protoplanetary disks and exoplanets.