标题： 加热布朗粒子的有效温度 显示英文标题

标题： Effective temperatures of a heated Brownian particle

摘要： 我们研究了对一个特别简单的非平衡稳态系统，即悬浮在流体中的加热布朗粒子，可能的有效温度的各种定义。 基于涨落耗散比的有效温度取决于所考虑的时间尺度，因此无法对加热粒子进行简单的朗之万描述。 这种有效温度的短时间和长时间极限分别与从动能和爱因斯坦关系估计的温度一致。 涨落定理提供了另一种温度定义，该定义被证明与涨落耗散比的短时间值一致。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We investigate various possible definitions of an effective temperature for a particularly simple nonequilibrium stationary system, namely a heated Brownian particle suspended in a fluid. The effective temperature based on the fluctuation dissipation ratio depends on the time scale under consideration, so that a simple Langevin description of the heated particle is impossible. The short and long time limits of this effective temperature are shown to be consistent with the temperatures estimated from the kinetic energy and Einstein relation, respectively. The fluctuation theorem provides still another definition of the temperature, which is shown to coincide with the short time value of the fluctuation dissipation ratio.