标题： 天体物理爆炸：从太阳耀斑到宇宙伽马射线暴 显示英文标题

标题： Astrophysical Explosions: From Solar Flares to Cosmic Gamma-ray Bursts

摘要： 天体物理爆炸是由于在动力学时间尺度上释放磁能、引力能或热核能，通常为系统的声速穿越时间。 这些爆炸包括太阳和恒星耀斑、吸积盘中的爆发现象、白矮星和中子星表面的热核燃烧、中子星中的剧烈磁重联、热核和引力坍缩超新星以及宇宙伽马射线暴，每种都代表一种不同类型的能量释放。 本文总结了这些爆炸的特性，并描述了关于热核爆炸和扩展的星际介质中的爆炸的新研究。 对地球和天体物理爆炸的研究进行了类比，特别是从缓燃到爆轰的转变物理过程。 关键词：中子星，黑洞，超新星，伽马射线暴，缓燃，爆轰。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Astrophysical explosions result from the release of magnetic, gravitational, or thermonuclear energy on dynamical timescales, typically the sound-crossing time for the system. These explosions include solar and stellar flares, eruptive phenomena in accretion disks, thermonuclear combustion on the surfaces of white dwarfs and neutron stars, violent magnetic reconnection in neutron stars, thermonuclear and gravitational collapse supernovae and cosmic gamma-ray bursts, each representing a different type and amount of energy release. This paper summarizes the properties of these explosions and describes new research on thermonuclear explosions and explosions in extended circumstellar media. Parallels are drawn between studies of terrestrial and astrophysical explosions, especially the physics of the transition from deflagration to detonation. Keywords: neutron stars, black holes, supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, deflagration, detonation.