标题： 脉冲星和磁星被磁化等离子体和真空极化修正的表面红移 显示英文标题

标题： Modified surface redshift of pulsars and magnetars by magnetized plasmas and vacuum polarization

摘要： 在脉冲星和磁星的相对论性流体力学正负电子等离子体框架内，基于Gordon有效度规理论研究了辐射传播问题，并特别考察了真空极化效应对辐射光谱的影响。 结果表明，流动物质等离子体的电磁效应和动能效应以及真空极化效应能够使恒星辐射光谱发生偏移。 在某些情况下，光谱红移的修正幅度可以达到与引力红移相同的量级。 此外，由介质引起的红移具有各向异性，并与波模相关。 对于O模式，红移的修正依赖于辐射频率；对于低频辐射，修正主要由等离子体效应主导，而对于高频辐射，则由真空极化效应主导。 对于X模式，红移的修正不依赖于频率且由真空极化效应主导。 真空极化效应对磁星的X射线发射红移也有显著影响。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The propagation of emissions in the relativistic streaming pair plasmas of pulsars and magnetars is studied within the framework of Gordon effective metric theory, and the effect of vacuum polarization on the radiation spectra is examined particularly. It is found that the electromagnetic and kinetic effects of streaming magnetized plasmas and the vacuum polarization effect can shift the radiation spectra of stars. The modification of redshifts of spectra can reach the same magnitude as the gravitational redshift in particular cases. Moreover, the redshifts induced by the media are anisotropic and associated with wave modes. For the O-mode, the modification of redshifts is dependent on the frequency of the radiation. For lower-frequency radiation, the modification is dominated by the plasma effect, while for higher-frequency radiations, by the vacuum polarization effect. For the X-mode, the modification is non-dispersive and dominated by the vacuum polarization effect. The vacuum polarization also has a significant effect on the redshifts of X-ray emissions in magnetars.