标题： 宇宙弦环的数量 显示英文标题

标题： The number of cosmic string loops

摘要： 使用最近的模拟结果，我们提供了宇宙弦环的质量和速度谱。 这是许多宇宙弦现象学特征的主要关注量，可以利用最近获得的关于环生成函数的详细知识准确预测。 我们强调，长弦的引力平滑在确定现有环的总数方面不起任何作用。 我们推导了由脉冲星计时阵列对随机引力波背景的最新限制所施加的弦张力界限，得到$G\mu \leq 2.8\times 10^{-9}$。 我们还提供了在微分形式语言中宇宙弦环的玻尔兹曼方程的推导。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Using recent simulation results, we provide the mass and speed spectrum of cosmic string loops. This is the quantity of primary interest for many phenomenological signatures of cosmic strings, and it can be accurately predicted using recently acquired detailed knowledge of the loop production function. We emphasize that gravitational smoothing of long strings does not play any role in determining the total number of existing loops. We derive a bound on the string tension imposed by recent constraints on the stochastic gravitational wave background from pulsar timing arrays, finding $G\mu \leq 2.8\times 10^{-9}$. We also provide a derivation of the Boltzmann equation for cosmic string loops in the language of differential forms.