标题： 利用分子谱线追踪恒星盘中的行星诱导结构 显示英文标题

标题： Tracing planet-induced structures in circumstellar disks using molecular lines

摘要： 围绕恒星的盘被认为是行星的诞生地。 像螺旋臂、间隙和空腔这样的特定结构是行星-盘相互作用的特征性指标。 研究这些结构可以提供关于原行星增长和盘物理性质的见解。 我们研究了使用分子线来追踪由行星引起的围绕恒星盘中的结构的可行性。 基于行星-盘相互作用的三维流体力学模拟，我们进行了自洽的温度计算，并使用我们的新非局部热平衡（N-LTE）线辐射转移代码Mol3D生成了这些盘的N-LTE分子线速度通道图和光谱。 随后，我们使用CASA模拟器模拟了ALMA观测。 我们考虑了两个接近正面的倾角、5个盘质量、7个盘半径以及两种不同的典型前主序宿主星（T Tauri星，Herbig Ae星）。 我们计算了总计32个旋转跃迁中的五个分子/同位素的多达141个单独的速度通道图，以研究上述结构的频率依赖性。 我们发现，在我们的参数空间中的大多数原行星盘可以通过所考虑的分子线检测到。 然而，与连续谱情况不同，间隙检测在线条中并不简单。 例如，间隙在对称环中看不到，而是被由全局（开普勒）速度场引起的模式所掩盖。 我们在速度通道图中识别出了一些特征区域，这些区域是行星引起的结构的特征。 高角分辨率分子线观测的模拟显示，与连续谱观测相比，ALMA能够提供有关行星-盘相互作用的互补信息。 特别是，在某些条件下，可以检测到行星引起的间隙。 （摘要） 显示英文摘要

摘要： Circumstellar disks are considered to be the birthplace of planets. Specific structures like spiral arms, gaps, and cavities are characteristic indicators of planet-disk interaction. Investigating these structures can provide insights into the growth of protoplanets and the physical properties of the disk. We investigate the feasibility of using molecular lines to trace planet-induced structures in circumstellar disks. Based on 3D hydrodynamic simulations of planet-disk interactions, we perform self-consistent temperature calculations and produce N-LTE molecular line velocity-channel maps and spectra of these disks using our new N-LTE line radiative transfer code Mol3D. Subsequently, we simulate ALMA observations using the CASA simulator. We consider two nearly face-on inclinations, 5 disk masses, 7 disk radii, and 2 different typical pre-main-sequence host stars (T Tauri, Herbig Ae). We calculate up to 141 individual velocity-channel maps for five molecules/isotopoloques in a total of 32 rotational transitions to investigate the frequency dependence of the structures indicated above. We find that the majority of protoplanetary disks in our parameter space could be detected in the molecular lines considered. However, unlike the continuum case, gap detection is not straightforward in lines. For example, gaps are not seen in symmetric rings but are masked by the pattern caused by the global (Keplerian) velocity field. We identify specific regions in the velocity-channel maps that are characteristic of planet-induced structures. Simulations of high angular resolution molecular line observations demonstrate the potential of ALMA to provide complementary information about the planet-disk interaction as compared to continuum observations. In particular, the detection of planet-induced gaps is possible under certain conditions.(abridged)