标题： 高磁化白矮星的光度与冷却：强磁场对光度的抑制作用 显示英文标题

标题： Luminosity and cooling of highly magnetized white dwarfs: suppression of luminosity by strong magnetic fields

摘要： 我们研究了具有电子简并核心和非简并表面层的高度磁化白矮星的光度和冷却情况，其中冷却通过光子的扩散来进行。 我们通过在牛顿框架下求解磁静力平衡方程和光子扩散方程，找到了白矮星表面层或包层中的温度和密度分布。 当假设核心基本上是等温时，我们还得到了白矮星在核心-包层界面处的性质。 随着磁场强度的增加，界面温度升高而界面半径减小。 对于给定年龄的白矮星，当界面半径或界面温度固定时，我们发现随着界面（以及因此包层）磁场强度从约$10^9$增加到$10^{12}\,$G，光度显著下降，从约$10^{-6}\, L_{\odot}$减少到$10^{-9}\, L_{\odot}$。 这很显著，因为它表明磁化的白矮星更暗，并且在观测到的赫茨普龙-罗素图中可以几乎隐藏。 我们还找到了与这些光度相对应的冷却速率。 有趣的是，对于所考虑的磁场，随时间推移温度降低的情况并不明显。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We investigate the luminosity and cooling of highly magnetized white dwarfs with electron-degenerate cores and non-degenerate surface layers where cooling occurs by diffusion of photons. We find the temperature and density profiles in the surface layers or envelope of white dwarfs by solving the magnetostatic equilibrium and photon diffusion equations in a Newtonian framework. We also obtain the properties of white dwarfs at the core-envelope interface, when the core is assumed to be practically isothermal. With the increase in magnetic field, the interface temperature increases whereas the interface radius decreases. For a given age of the white dwarf and for fixed interface radius or interface temperature, we find that the luminosity decreases significantly from about $10^{-6}\, L_{\odot}$ to $10^{-9}\, L_{\odot}$ as the magnetic field strength increases from about $10^9$ to $10^{12}\,$G at the interface and hence the envelope. This is remarkable because it argues that magnetized white dwarfs are fainter and can be practically hidden in an observed Hertzsprung--Russell diagram. We also find the cooling rates corresponding to these luminosities. Interestingly, the decrease in temperature with time, for the fields under consideration, is not found to be appreciable.