标题： 用一种低效的喷流反馈机制解释最具能量的超新星 显示英文标题

标题： Explaining the most energetic supernovae with an inefficient jet-feedback mechanism

摘要： 我们认为，核心坍缩超亮超新星（SESNe）的能量辐射是由于新生中子星（NS）上持续时间较长的吸积过程，这是喷流反馈机制低效运行的结果。 由吸积的中子星或黑洞（BH）发射的喷流由于快速旋转的预坍缩核心而保持其轴向，无法从赤道平面附近抛射出核心物质。 喷流能够沿极向方向抛射核心物质，并在赤道面附近减少重力。 赤道气体膨胀，其中一部分在几分钟到几天的时间尺度上回落，从而延长了喷流发射阶段。 根据本文提出的SESNe模型，区分不同核心坍缩超新星（CCSN）爆炸案例的主要参数，例如普通CCSNe和SESNe之间的区别，在于喷流反馈机制的效率。 这种效率反过来又取决于预坍缩核心质量、包层质量、核心对流，尤其是核心内的角动量分布。 对于SESNe，低效喷流反馈机制的一个预测是在爆炸中形成缓慢的赤道外流。 该外流的速度和质量分别估计约为1000公里/秒和超过一个太阳质量，但定量值需要在未来流体力学模拟中验证。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We suggest that the energetic radiation from core-collapse super-energetic supernovae (SESNe) is due to a long lasting accretion process onto the newly born neutron star (NS), resulting from an inefficient operation of the jet-feedback mechanism. The jets that are launched by the accreting NS or black hole (BH) maintain their axis due to a rapidly rotating pre-collapse core, and do not manage to eject core material from near the equatorial plane. The jets are able to eject material from the core along the polar directions, and reduce the gravity near the equatorial plane. The equatorial gas expands, and part of it falls back over a timescale of minutes to days to prolong the jets-launching episode. According to the model for SESNe proposed in the present paper, the principal parameter that distinguishes between the different cases of CCSN explosions, such as between normal CCSNe and SESNe, is the efficiency of the jet-feedback mechanism. This efficiency in turn depends on the pre-collapse core mass, envelope mass, core convection, and most of all on the angular momentum profile in the core. One prediction of the inefficient jet-feedback mechanism for SESNe is the formation of a slow equatorial outflow in the explosion. Typical velocity and mass of this outflow are estimated to be approximately 1000 km/s and greater than about 1 solar mass, respectively, though quantitative values will have to be checked in future hydrodynamic simulations.