标题： 星系团和星系群中的铁：用新统一的数据集检验星系演化模型 显示英文标题

标题： Iron in galaxy groups and clusters: Confronting galaxy evolution models with a newly homogenised dataset

摘要： 我们对星系团和簇周围热气体中的铁丰度进行了分析。为了做到这一点，我们首先从文献中整理并统一了一个包含79个低红移(|z|=0.03)系统的大型数据集（159个单独的测量值）。我们的分析考虑了孔径大小、太阳丰度和宇宙学的差异，并使用为温度(T)、气体密度和铁丰度(Z)定制的径向剖面来缩放所有测量值。然后我们将这个数据集与L-Galaxies星系演化模型中的星系团和簇进行比较。我们统一的数据集揭示了星系团中紧密的T-Z关系，Z的散射仅为0.10 dex，并且有轻微的负梯度。在检查了潜在的测量偏差后，我们得出结论，至少部分这种负梯度具有物理起源。我们的模型表明，在最热的系统中，通过吸入卫星气体剥离导致氢气的增加是其原因。在较低温度下，L-Galaxies在星系团中高估了Z，表明需要去除富含金属的气体（例如通过AGN反馈）。L-Galaxies在至少z~1.3到0.3之间，对最热星系团的星系际介质(ICM)中观测到的Z提供了合理的匹配。这是在不需要修改任何银河化学演化(GCE)模型参数的情况下实现的。然而，在z=0时，我们模型中的中等温度星系团的Z似乎被低估了。讨论了修改GCE建模以纠正此问题的优点和问题。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present an analysis of the iron abundance in the hot gas surrounding galaxy groups and clusters. To do this, we first compile and homogenise a large dataset of 79 low-redshift (|z| = 0.03) systems (159 individual measurements) from the literature. Our analysis accounts for differences in aperture size, solar abundance, and cosmology, and scales all measurements using customised radial profiles for the temperature (T), gas density, and iron abundance (Z). We then compare this dataset to groups and clusters in the L-Galaxies galaxy evolution model. Our homogenised dataset reveals a tight T-Z relation for clusters, with a scatter in Z of only 0.10 dex and a slight negative gradient. After examining potential measurement biases, we conclude that at least some of this negative gradient has a physical origin. Our model suggests greater accretion of hydrogen in the hottest systems, via stripping of gas from infalling satellites, as a cause. At lower temperatures, L-Galaxies over-estimates Z in groups, indicating that metal-rich gas removal (via e.g. AGN feedback) is required. L-Galaxies provides a reasonable match to the observed Z in the intracluster medium (ICM) of the hottest clusters from at least z ~ 1.3 to 0.3. This is achieved without needing to modify any of the galactic chemical evolution (GCE) model parameters. However, the Z in intermediate-temperature clusters appears to be under-estimated in our model at z = 0. The merits and problems with modifying the GCE modelling to correct this are discussed.