标题： 光球辐射在伽马射线暴中 显示英文标题

标题： Photospheric Emission in Gamma-Ray Bursts

摘要： 我们在理解伽马射线暴（GRB）瞬时辐射物理方面的重大突破发生在近几年，随着认识到热成分伴随着整体的非热瞬时光谱。 这一热部分本身很重要，因为它提供了对最内部流出区域物理的直接探测。 它还有间接的重要性，作为逆康普顿散射的种子光子来源，因此也对非热部分有所贡献。 在本文简短的综述中，我们强调了一些关键的最新进展。 观测上，尽管到目前为止仅在少数爆发中明确识别出该热成分，但有间接证据表明热成分存在于大部分伽马射线暴中，可能接近100%。 理论上，热成分的存在作为对基本伽马射线暴物理的探测，具有许多重要的意义。 一些令人惊讶的意义包括其作为喷流动力学、几何结构和磁化的探测工具。 显示英文摘要

摘要： A major breakthrough in our understanding of gamma-ray bursts (GRB) prompt emission physics occurred in the last few years, with the realization that a thermal component accompanies the over-all non-thermal prompt spectra. This thermal part is important by itself, as it provides direct probe of the physics in the innermost outflow regions. It further has an indirect importance, as a source of seed photons for inverse-Compton scattering, thereby it contributes to the non-thermal part as well. In this short review, we highlight some key recent developments. Observationally, although so far it was clearly identified only in a minority of bursts, there are indirect evidence that thermal component exists in a very large fraction of GRBs, possibly close to 100%. Theoretically, the existence of thermal component have a large number of implications as a probe of underlying GRB physics. Some surprising implications include its use as a probe of the jet dynamics, geometry and magnetization.