标题： 从视差和流量及其测量误差中得出的距离和光度概率分布及其在毫秒脉冲星 PSR J0218+4232 中的应用 显示英文标题

标题： The distance and luminosity probability distributions derived from parallax and flux with their measurement errors with application to the millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232

摘要： 我们使用贝叶斯方法，从其视差和测量不确定性中推导出一个天体的距离概率分布，适用于两种空间分布先验，即均匀球形分布和银河中心分布——适用于射电脉冲星——从地球观测到。 我们研究了测量不确定性的影响，并表明视差测量可能会低估或高估实际距离，这取决于空间分布先验。 当也获得该天体的流量及其测量误差时，我们推导出距离和光度的联合概率分布以及各自的概率分布，并证明了光度函数先验的必要性和依赖性。 我们将这种方法应用于估计PSR J0218+4232的距离以及射电和伽马射线光度。 与仅基于测量结果的估计相比，使用现实的先验可以提高距离和光度估计的质量。 使用错误的先验，例如没有上限的均匀空间分布，可能导致非常错误的结果。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We use a Bayesian approach to derive the distance probability distribution for one object from its parallax with measurement uncertainty for two spatial distribution priors, viz. a homogeneous spherical distribution and a galactocentric distribution - applicable for radio pulsars - observed from Earth. We investigate the dependence on measurement uncertainty, and show that a parallax measurement can underestimate or overestimate the actual distance, depending on the spatial distribution prior. We derive the probability distributions for distance and luminosity combined, and for each separately, when a flux with measurement error for the object is also available, and demonstrate the necessity of and dependence on the luminosity function prior. We apply this to estimate the distance and the radio and gamma-ray luminosities of PSR J0218+4232. The use of realistic priors improves the quality of the estimates for distance and luminosity, compared to those based on measurement only. Use of a wrong prior, for example a homogeneous spatial distribution without upper bound, may lead to very wrong results.