标题： 活动星系核中快速盘风的X射线光谱变化性 显示英文标题

标题： An X-ray spectral variability of fast disk winds in AGN

摘要： 近期的X射线观测发现了蓝移吸收线，揭示了存在流出速度约为0.1-0.3c的极端快速盘风。如此快速的外流预计会携带大量动能，因此会对黑洞与宿主星系的共同演化产生重大影响。这些快速风的一个常见特征是吸收特征的时间变异性很强。为了研究这种变异性，我们开发了一种新的盘风X射线光谱模型，该模型基于三维蒙特卡罗辐射转移模拟，并假设了实际的风几何结构。通过将我们的风模型应用于原型风源PDS 456的多期X射线数据，我们发现吸收线的变化可以通过风流出角度的变化来解释，而无需风的质量流出率出现大的变化。这一结果表明，快速盘风是稳定的，局部流体力学不稳定性导致了吸收线的时间变异性。此外，我们还将我们的风模型应用于盘线源1H 0707-495。在这个源中的特征铁K线被我们的盘风模型成功再现，适用于所有观测结果。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Recent X-ray observations of blue-shifted absorption lines revealed an existence of the extremely fast disk winds with outflow velocities of ~0.1-0.3c. Such fast outflows would have a large impact on the coevolution of black holes and host galaxies since they are expected to carry a large amount of kinetic energy. One of the common characteristics of these fast winds is a strong time variability of the absorption feature. To investigate this variability, we have developed a new X-ray spectral model of the disk winds, which is generated by 3-dimensional Monte Carlo radiation transfer simulations on the assumption of the realistic wind geometry. By applying our wind model to the multi-epoch X-ray data of an archetypal wind source PDS 456, we find the variability in the absorption line is explained by a change of the wind outflowing angle without any large variability in the mass outflow rate of the wind. This result indicates that the fast disk winds are stable and that local hydrodynamic instabilities produce a large time variability of the absorption line. Moreover, we also apply our wind model to the disk-line source 1H 0707-495. The characteristic Fe-K feature in this source is successfully reproduced our disk wind model for all the observations.