标题： 对称性与最小原理在遗传密码中的基础作用 显示英文标题

标题： Symmetry and Minimum Principle at the Basis of the Genetic Code

摘要： 在物理学中对称性概念的重要性已被广泛认可：它在遗传密码中是否也适用呢？ 本着这种思想，几年前提出了一种基于连续对称性的遗传密码模型，名为“晶体基底模型”。 本文是对该模型及其一些初步应用和近期发展的综述。 事实上，在对我们的数学模型进行有根据的介绍之后，我们通过将其应用于密码子使用概率的求和规则的制定和验证，以及建立氨基酸的物理-化学性质之间的关系和一些预测，来说明其相关性。 然后，在此背景下定义核苷酸和密码子的“生物自旋”结构，一对密码子-反密码子之间的相互作用可以简单地用一个（生物）自旋-自旋势能来表示。 这种方法将构成论文的第二部分，在此处，通过施加最小能量原理，可以对遗传密码的进化进行分析，并与普遍接受的方案良好一致。 对该相互作用模型的更深入研究提供了关于密码子偏好的信息，与数据一致。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The importance of the notion of symmetry in physics is well established: could it also be the case for the genetic code? In this spirit, a model for the Genetic Code based on continuous symmetries and entitled the "Crystal Basis Model" has been proposed a few years ago. The present paper is a review of the model, of some of its first applications as well as of its recent developments. Indeed, after a motivated presentation of our mathematical model, we illustrate its pertinence by applying it for the elaboration and verification of sum rules for codon usage probabilities, as well as for establishing relations and some predictions between physical-chemical properties of amino-acids. Then, defining in this context a "bio-spin" structure for the nucleotides and codons, the interaction between a couple of codon-anticodon can simply be represented by a (bio) spin-spin potential. This approach will constitute the second part of the paper where, imposing the minimum energy principle, an analysis of the evolution of the genetic code can be performed with good agreement with the generally accepted scheme. A more precise study of this interaction model provides informations on codon bias, consistent with data.