标题： 银河系分支起源：来自无线电/ X 射线全天图的新见解 显示英文标题

标题： Origin of Galactic Spurs: New Insight from Radio/X-ray All-sky Maps

摘要： 在这项研究中，我们分析了在无线电和X射线全天图中看到的巨大的银河旋臂羽状结构，以揭示它们的起源。 我们讨论了两种类型的巨大羽状结构：一种是地图中心附近的最亮弥漫发射，可能与费米气泡（NPSs/SPSs，即北/南极羽）有关；另一种是较弱的羽状结构，其位置与银河系中的局部旋臂一致（LAS，即局部臂羽）。 我们的分析发现，不仅来自NPS的X射线发射，而且来自SPS的X射线发射都比对应的无线电发射靠近银河系中心约5度。 此外，在LAS中观察到了更大的偏移量，范围为10-20度；然而，这些偏移被归因于不同的物理起源。 此外，LAS的X射线发射温度为kT ~ 0.2 keV，系统地低于NPS和SPS的温度（kT ~ 0.3 keV），但与典型银河晕气体的温度一致。 我们认为，NPS/SPS X射线气体的无线电/X射线偏移以及稍高的温度是由于过去银河系爆炸过程中晕气体的冲击压缩/加热引起的；而LAS增强的X射线发射可能是由于晕气体在旋臂势场或恒星形成活动中的弱凝聚，没有受到冲击加热的影响。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In this study, we analyze giant Galactic spurs seen in both radio and X-ray all-sky maps to reveal their origins. We discuss two types of giant spurs: one is the brightest diffuse emission near the map's center, which is likely to be related to Fermi bubbles (NPSs/SPSs, north/south polar spurs, respectively), and the other is weaker spurs that coincide positionally with local spiral arms in our Galaxy (LAS, local arm spur). Our analysis finds that the X-ray emissions, not only from the NPS but from the SPS are closer to the Galactic center by ~5 deg compared with the corresponding radio emission. Furthermore, larger offsets of 10-20 deg are observed in the LASs; however, they are attributed to different physical origins. Moreover, the temperature of the X-ray emission is kT ~ 0.2 keV for the LAS, which is systematically lower than those of the NPS and SPS (kT ~ 0.3 keV) but consistent with the typical temperature of Galactic halo gas. We argue that the radio/X-ray offset and the slightly higher temperature of the NPS/SPS X-ray gas are due to the shock compression/heating of halo gas during a significant Galactic explosion in the past, whereas the enhanced X-ray emission from the LAS may be due to the weak condensation of halo gas in the arm potential or star formation activity without shock heating.