标题： 用四维非弹性中子散射解析分子纳米磁体的自旋动力学 显示英文标题

标题： Unravelling the Spin Dynamics of Molecular Nanomagnets with Four-Dimensional Inelastic Neutron Scattering

摘要： 分子纳米磁体自出现以来引起了科学界的关注，因为它们的磁行为背后的丰富物理现象使其成为量子力学基本概念的理想测试平台。 复杂的实验和有针对性的研究活动也揭示了它们在多个技术应用中的潜力。 非弹性中子散射是一种强大且广泛使用的技术，用于研究这些系统的特性。 新一代光谱仪配备了位置敏感探测器阵列，能够在倒易空间的广阔区域内高效地测量中子截面随能量和动量转移矢量Q的三个分量的变化。 结合这些能力以及MNMs足够大的单晶样品的可用性，现在可以以前所未有的洞察力研究这些分子簇的相干自旋动力学。 这由最近的几个结果得到了证实，我们在本综述中进行了介绍。 通过使用基准系统Cr$_8$，已经证明四维非弹性中子散射技术的丰富性能够直接从数据中提取动态关联函数。 该技术也被应用于典型的单分子磁体Mn$_{12}$，以无歧义地表征其自旋哈密顿量，并描绘(Cr$_7$Ni)$_2$中分子量子比特之间的纠缠。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Molecular Nanomagnets have attracted the attention of the scientific community since the rich physics behind their magnetic behaviour make them ideal test-beds for fundamental concepts in quantum mechanics. Sophisticated experiments and targeted research activities have also unveiled their potential for several technological applications. Inelastic neutron scattering is a powerful and widely used technique to investigate the properties of these systems. The new generation of spectrometers, equipped with arrays of position-sensitive detectors, enable to efficiently measure the neutron cross-sections as a function of energy and of the three component of the momentum transfer vector Q, in vast portions of the reciprocal space. Exploiting these capabilities together with the availability of sufficiently large single-crystal samples of MNMs, it is now possible to obtain an unprecedented insight into the coherent spin dynamics of these molecular clusters. This is witnessed by several recent results, that we present in this review. By using the benchmark system Cr$_8$, it has been demonstrated that the richness of the four-dimensional inelastic neutrons scattering technique enables to extract dynamical correlation functions directly from the data. This technique has been also applied to the archetypical single-molecule magnet Mn$_{12}$ to unambiguously characterise its Spin Hamiltonian as well as to portray the entanglement between molecular qubits in (Cr$_7$Ni)$_2$.