标题： 一个用于快速且同步旋转的类地行星的能量平衡模型 显示英文标题

标题： An Energy Balance Model for Rapidly and Synchronously Rotating Terrestrial Planets

摘要： 本文描述了适用于系外行星观测的宜居能平衡模型（HEXTOR），这是一个用于计算地球及其他快速自转行星纬向温度分布的模型。HEXTOR 包含一种查找表方法，用于计算向外的红外辐射通量和行星反照率，这在参数化能量平衡模型中的辐射传输方面比其他方法有所改进。验证案例包括现代地球以及具有从 0 到 45 度地轴倾角的类地行星，包括水行星和陆地行星条件。能量平衡模型中还实现了一个潮汐锁定坐标系统，这使得能够计算同步旋转于低质量恒星周围的行星的水平温度分布。该变换坐标模型应用于根据TRAPPIST宜居大气对比协议定义的TRAPPIST-1e案例，与纬向能量平衡模型相比，它与一般环流模型表现出更好的一致性。通过使用一般环流模型作为基准进行调优以及在具有不同物理参数化的能量平衡模型之间进行对比，可以推进将能量平衡模型应用于系外行星的研究。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This paper describes the Habitable Energy balance model for eXoplaneT ObseRvations (HEXTOR), which is a model for calculating latitudinal temperature profiles on Earth and other rapidly rotating planets. HEXTOR includes a lookup table method for calculating the outgoing infrared radiative flux and planetary albedo, which provides improvements over other approaches at parameterizing radiative transfer in an energy balance model. Validation cases are presented for present-day Earth and other Earth-sized planets with aquaplanet and land planet conditions from 0 to 45 degrees obliquity. A tidally locked coordinate system is also implemented in the energy balance model, which enables calculation of the horizontal temperature profile for planets in synchronous rotation around low mass stars. This coordinate transformed model is applied to cases for TRAPPIST-1e as defined by the TRAPPIST Habitable Atmosphere Intercomparison protocol, which demonstrates better agreement with general circulation models compared to the latitudinal energy balance model. Advances in applying energy balance models to exoplanets can be made by using general circulation models as a benchmark for tuning as well as by conducting intercomparisions between energy balance models with different physical parameterizations.