标题： 星际空间中的有机分子：最新进展 显示英文标题

标题： Organic Molecules in Insterstellar Space: Latest advances

摘要： 尽管星际介质最初被认为过于稀薄而无法原位形成分子，且环境过于恶劣而无法让它们生存下来，但它却孕育了丰富的分子种类：迄今为止，已经确认了256种分子。 过去十年见证了大量新发现的涌现，其中包括许多复杂的有机分子，这些分子可以被称为前生物分子。 不仅在太阳系附近的星际云中发现了有机分子，而且在整个银河系，甚至在附近的星系以及一些最遥远的类星体中也发现了有机分子。 这些发现得益于大型亚毫米和射电设施的完成。 配备了新一代接收器的这些仪器提供了检测弱转动谱线所需的数量级敏感性提升，从而实现了分子鉴定。 在过去的两年里，在距离太阳400光年、位于金牛座的尘埃包裹气体云TMC-1中检测到了30种前生物分子。 在距离地球60亿光年的螺旋臂上的一个星系中识别出了10种新的分子物种，并在距离110亿光年的类星体中观测到了12种分子物种。我们介绍了这个遥远类星体的最新光谱观测，并讨论了这些检测在三个典型源中的意义。 米勒-尤里实验及相关实验涉及的基本成分在第一批星系形成后不久就出现了，并广泛分布于整个宇宙。 遥远星系中气体的化学组成似乎与附近星际云中的化学组成差别不大。 它可能包括芳香环和复杂的有机分子，这些分子可能是RNA碱基的假定前体，但此类分子的谱线太弱，无法在那么远的距离被探测到。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Although first considered as too diluted for the formation of molecules in-situ and too harsh an environment for their survival, the interstellar medium has turned out to host a rich palette of molecular species: to date, 256 species have been identified. The last decade has seen an explosion of new detections, including those of a number of complex organic species, which may be dubbed as prebiotic. Organic molecules have been discovered not just in interstellar clouds from the Solar neighbourhood, but also throughout the Milky-Way, as well as in nearby galaxies, or some of the most distant quasars. These discoveries were made possible by the completion of large sub-millimetre and radio facilities. Equipped with new generation receivers, those instruments have provided the orders of magnitude leap in sensitivity required to detect the weak rotational lines that allowed the molecule identifications. Last two years, 30 prebiotic molecules have been detected in TMC-1, a dust-enshrouded gaseous cloud located at 400 light-years from the Sun in the Taurus constellation. Ten new molecular species, have been identified in the arm of a spiral galaxy 6 billion light-yr distant, and 12 molecular species observed in a quasar at 11 billion light-yr. We present the latest spectral observations of this outlying quasar and discuss the implications of those detections in these 3 archetypal sources. The basic ingredients involved in the Miller-Urey experiment and related experiments appeared early after the formation of the first galaxies and are widespread throughout the Universe. The chemical composition of the gas in distant galaxies seems not much different from that in the nearby interstellar clouds. It presumably comprises, like for TMC-1, aromatic rings and complex organic molecules putative precursors of the RNA nucleobases, except the lines of such species are too weak to be detected that far.