标题： 损失重要吗？ 信息搜索技术对风险选择的影响 显示英文标题

标题： Do Losses Matter? The Effect of Information-Search Technologies on Risky Choices

摘要： 尽管数字选择界面的影响非常重要，但人们对研究这些界面暴露对个体的影响给予了相对较少的关注。在两个预注册的彩票选择实验中，我们提供了三种基于著名启发式的信息搜索技术：在ABS（基于选项的搜索）处理中，受试者探索彩票内的结果和相应的概率；在CBS（基于特征的搜索）处理中，受试者探索彩票之间的结果和相应的概率；在基线处理中，受试者一次性查看所有结果和相应的概率。我们发现（i）当彩票结果包括收益和损失（实验1）时，与暴露于其他技术的受试者相比，暴露于CBS技术的受试者系统性地选择了更安全的彩票，以及（ii）当彩票结果仅包括收益（实验2）时，上述结果相反：暴露于CBS技术的受试者系统性地选择了风险更高的彩票。通过结合信息搜索和选择分析，我们基于前景理论提供了一种解释，即受试者所暴露的信息搜索技术有助于确定彩票属性获得的关注程度，而这反过来影响参考点。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Despite its importance, relatively little attention has been devoted to studying the effects of exposing individuals to digital choice interfaces. In two pre-registered lottery-choice experiments, we administer three information-search technologies that are based on well-known heuristics: in the ABS (alternative-based search) treatment, subjects explore outcomes and corresponding probabilities within lotteries; in the CBS (characteristic-based search) treatment, subjects explore outcomes and corresponding probabilities across lotteries; in the Baseline treatment, subjects view outcomes and corresponding probabilities all at once. We find that (i) when lottery outcomes comprise gains and losses (experiment 1), exposing subjects to the CBS technology systematically makes them choose safer lotteries, compared to the subjects that are exposed to the other technologies, and (ii) when lottery outcomes comprise gains only (experiment 2), the above results are reversed: exposing subjects to the CBS technology systematically makes them choose riskier lotteries. By combining the information-search and choice analysis, we offer an interpretation of our results that is based on prospect theory, whereby the information-search technology subjects are exposed to contributes to determine the level of attention that the lottery attributes receive, which in turn has an effect on the reference point.