标题： 开放量子系统中的非绝热线性响应 显示英文标题

标题： Non-adiabatic linear response in open quantum systems

摘要： 绝热定理和非绝热修正已被广泛应用于现代量子技术中。最近，非绝热线性响应理论被发展出来，以探测封闭系统中的多体关联。在本工作中，我们将非绝热线性响应理论推广到开放量子多体系统。我们表明，类似于封闭情况，从瞬时稳态的一阶偏差是无记忆的——它仅依赖于最终参数，而与初始状态或斜坡路径无关。当斜坡哈密顿量时，可观测量的线性响应由滞后格林函数的导数支配，如同封闭系统一样。相反，斜坡耗散会产生不同的响应，该响应由稳态中定义的高阶关联函数表征。我们的结果为开放系统中的非绝热响应提供了一种简洁且物理透明的表述，并表明斜坡动力学可以作为探测平衡之外多体关联的通用工具。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Adiabatic theorem and non-adiabatic corrections have been widely applied in modern quantum technology. Recently, non-adiabatic linear response theory has been developed to probe the many-body correlations in closed systems. In this work, we generalize the non-adiabatic linear response theory to open quantum many-body systems. We show that, similar to the closed case, the first-order deviation from the instantaneous steady state is memoryless -- it depends only on the final parameters and not on the initial state or ramping path. When ramping the Hamiltonian, the linear response of observables is governed by the derivative of the retarded Green's function, as in closed systems. In contrast, ramping the dissipation gives rise to a different response, characterized by a high-order correlation function defined in the steady state. Our results offer a compact and physically transparent formulation of non-adiabatic response in open systems, and demonstrate that ramping dynamics can serve as a versatile tool for probing many-body correlations beyond equilibrium.