标题： 反应堆和加速器CE$ν$NS数据对锗的联合分析：对标准模型和核物理的意义 显示英文标题

标题： Joint analysis of reactor and accelerator CE$ν$NS data on germanium: implications for the Standard Model and nuclear physics

摘要： 本工作首次对所有可用的相干弹性中微子-核散射（CE$\nu$NS）数据进行了全面联合分析，这些数据是在散裂中子源（SNS）由COHERENT合作组观测到的锗数据，以及由CONUS+实验使用锗探测器在核反应堆中揭示的数据。 除了COHERENT和CONUS+之外，我们还纳入了TEXONO和$\nu$GeN的反应堆数据，从而增强了研究的统计显著性和系统可靠性。 我们提供了关键核物理和标准模型参数的最新确定值，包括锗核的中子均方根（rms）半径、弱混合角以及中微子电荷半径。 观察到的约$2 \sigma$的COHERENT锗测量与标准模型预测之间的张力，促使我们对理论截面进行详细重新评估。 特别是，我们研究了核形式因子和核半径不确定性的影响力，以及SNS中中微子通量归一化可能的系统偏移的影响。 我们的结果强调了CE$\nu$NS作为精密工具的可靠性，这得到了不同实验输入互补性的支持，并为该领域的未来进展奠定了基础。 显示英文摘要

摘要： This work presents the first comprehensive joint analysis of all available Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CE$\nu$NS) data on germanium: those observed at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) by the COHERENT collaboration and those of the nuclear reactors revealed by the CONUS+ experiment using germanium detectors. In addition to COHERENT and CONUS+, we incorporate reactor data from TEXONO and $\nu$GeN, thereby enhancing both the statistical significance and the systematic reliability of our study. We provide state-of-the-art determinations of key nuclear physics and Standard Model parameters, including the neutron root-mean-square (rms) radius of germanium nuclei, the weak mixing angle, and the neutrino charge radius. The observed tension of about $2 \sigma$ between the COHERENT germanium measurement and the Standard Model prediction motivates a detailed reassessment of the theoretical cross-section. In particular, we examine the impact of nuclear form factors and uncertainties in the nuclear radius, as well as the potential influence of a systematic shift in the neutrino flux normalisation at the SNS. Our results highlight the reliability of CE$\nu$NS as a precision tool, reinforced by the complementarity of different experimental inputs, and lay the groundwork for future advances in the field.