标题： 通过分析受控量子系统的大型时空记录揭示涌现的多体现象 显示英文标题

标题： Revealing emergent many-body phenomena by analyzing large-scale space-time records of monitored quantum systems

摘要： 最近在量子模拟器方面的进展使得可以在局部解析的电路中测量之间进行单位演化。 这为观察量子轨迹中的大规模时空结构铺平了道路，并为\emph{现场}分析复杂动力学过程打开了一扇窗口。 我们使用一个典型的耗散自旋模型来演示这一想法，该模型可以例如在里德伯量子模拟器上实现。 在这里，单个实验运行的轨迹已经揭示出令人惊讶的复杂统计现象。 特别是，我们利用轨迹系综的自由能泛函来识别与在水中存在溶质时接近液-气相变处观察到的疏水行为相似的动力学特征。 我们证明这些现象可以在实验中观测到，并讨论了常见缺陷的影响，例如读取错误和无序相互作用。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Recent advances in quantum simulators permit unitary evolution interspersed with locally resolved mid-circuit measurements. This paves the way for the observation of large-scale space-time structures in quantum trajectories and opens a window for the \emph{in situ} analysis of complex dynamical processes. We demonstrate this idea using a paradigmatic dissipative spin model, which can be implemented, e.g., on Rydberg quantum simulators. Here, already the trajectories of individual experimental runs reveal surprisingly complex statistical phenomena. In particular, we exploit free-energy functionals for trajectory ensembles to identify dynamical features reminiscent of hydrophobic behavior observed near the liquid-vapor transition in the presence of solutes in water. We show that these phenomena are observable in experiments and discuss the impact of common imperfections, such as readout errors and disordered interactions.