标题： 面向软件定义车辆中混合关键性通信的定时隔离 显示英文标题

标题： Towards Timing Isolation for Mixed-Criticality Communication in Software-Defined Vehicles

摘要： 随着汽车工业向集中式基于Linux的架构转型，确保混合关键性应用程序的可预测执行变得至关重要。 然而，同时使用Linux网络栈会引入干扰，导致不可预测的延迟和抖动。 为了解决这一挑战，我们提出了一种分层软件架构，以在基于Linux的汽车控制单元上的混合关键性应用程序之间实现以太网数据交换的时间隔离。 我们的方法在中间件层、网络栈层和硬件层集成流量优先级策略，以在整个软件栈中实现隔离。 在中间件层，我们实现了一个固定优先级、不可抢占的调度器，以管理不同关键性的发布者。 在网络层，我们利用表达数据路径（XDP）将高优先级数据直接从网络接口驱动程序路由到关键应用内存，绕过标准的Linux网络栈。 在硬件层，我们将一个网络接口卡（NIC）队列专门用于实时流量。 我们展示了我们的架构在基于数据分发服务（DDS）的系统中的表现。 我们的评估表明，即使在最佳努力应用程序的大量干扰下，该方法也能为实时流量带来一致且可预测的延迟。 显示英文摘要

摘要： As the automotive industry transitions toward centralized Linux-based architectures, ensuring the predictable execution of mixed-criticality applications becomes essential. However, concurrent use of the Linux network stack introduces interference, resulting in unpredictable latency and jitter. To address this challenge, we present a layered software architecture that enforces timing isolation for Ethernet-based data exchange between mixed-criticality applications on Linux-based automotive control units. Our approach integrates traffic prioritization strategies at the middleware layer, the network stack layer, and the hardware layer to achieve isolation across the full software stack. At the middleware layer, we implement a fixed-priority, non-preemptive scheduler to manage publishers of varying criticality. At the network layer, we leverage the express data path (XDP) to route high-priority data directly from the network interface driver into critical application memory, bypassing the standard Linux network stack. At the hardware layer, we dedicate a network interface card (NIC) queue exclusively to real-time traffic. We demonstrate how our architecture performs in a Data Distribution Service (DDS)-based system. Our evaluation shows that the approach leads to consistent and predictable latencies for real-time traffic, even under heavy interference from best-effort applications.