标题： 医疗设备中的幻觉 显示英文标题

标题： Hallucinations in medical devices

摘要： 计算机在医疗设备中的方法经常不完善，并且已知会在临床或诊断任务中产生错误。 然而，当深度学习和基于数据的方法产生的输出表现出错误时，这些设备通常被称为出现幻觉。 从多个医疗设备领域的理论发展和实证研究出发，我们引入了一个实用且通用的定义，将幻觉定义为一种合理且可能对当前任务产生影响或无害的错误类型。 该定义旨在促进对受幻觉影响的医疗设备在不同产品领域中的评估。 通过成像和非成像应用中的例子，我们探讨了所提出的定义与评估方法之间的关系，并讨论了现有减少幻觉发生率的方法。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Computer methods in medical devices are frequently imperfect and are known to produce errors in clinical or diagnostic tasks. However, when deep learning and data-based approaches yield output that exhibit errors, the devices are frequently said to hallucinate. Drawing from theoretical developments and empirical studies in multiple medical device areas, we introduce a practical and universal definition that denotes hallucinations as a type of error that is plausible and can be either impactful or benign to the task at hand. The definition aims at facilitating the evaluation of medical devices that suffer from hallucinations across product areas. Using examples from imaging and non-imaging applications, we explore how the proposed definition relates to evaluation methodologies and discuss existing approaches for minimizing the prevalence of hallucinations.