标题： 光热机械高效、低成本、长寿命的混合 MXene-聚合物执行器 显示英文标题

标题： Photothermomechanicaly Efficient, Low-Cost, High-Cycle-Life, Hybrid MXene-Polymer Actuators

摘要： 光热机械聚合物薄膜致动器因其快速能量转换能力、无线控制和易于微型化等优势，在软体机器人可用的动态部件中脱颖而出。尽管预期性能优越，但仍存在一些设计挑战。这些包括高工作温度、相对于提供的辐射能量机械输出不足、重复使用时的耐久性有限以及高生产成本；这些因素阻碍了这些致动材料在实际应用中的可扩展性。在此，我们通过用MXenes——一种具有高达100%理论光热转换效率的碳基二维材料——取代性能增强纳米颗粒，提出了一种可行的解决方案。这导致开发了MXene分散的聚合物三明治致动器（MPTAs）。广泛的光热和热机械表征显示，与之前报道的致动器相比，表现出优越的性能，包括降低的功率需求（0.1 mW cm$^{-2}$ $^\circ$ C$^{-1}$），单位照射功率和时间的显著弯曲能力（0.1$^\circ$ mW$^{-1}$ cm$^{2}$ s$^{-1}$），以及增强的循环寿命，至少1000次循环无疲劳运行。我们展示了三种应用：一种剪纸灵感的花朵、平行操作器和柔性夹爪。此外，这些材料成本低廉，因此是长期可逆运行和高效热能到机械能转换的最佳选择。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Photothermomechanical polymer film actuators stand out among the dynamic components available for soft robotics due to a combination of assets, such as capability for rapid energy transduction, wireless control, and ease of miniaturization. Despite their anticipated superior performance, several design challenges remain. These include high operational temperatures, inadequate mechanical output relative to the radiation energy provided, limited durability during repeated use, and high production costs; such factors hinder the scalability of these actuating materials in practical applications. Here, we report a viable solution by substituting performance-enhancing nanoparticles with MXenes--carbon-based, two-dimensional materials known for their theoretical photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 100%. This led to the development of MXene-dispersed polymer trilayer actuators (MPTAs). Extensive photothermal and thermomechanical characterization demonstrated superior performance compared to previously reported actuators, with a reduced shed power demand (0.1 mW cm$^{-2}$ $^\circ$C$^{-1}$), substantial bending capacity per irradiation power per time (0.1$^\circ$ mW$^{-1}$ cm$^{2}$ s$^{-1}$), and enhanced cyclic longevity, with fatigueless operation of at least 1,000 cycles. We demonstrate three applications: A kirigami-inspired flower, parallel manipulator, and soft gripper. Additionally, these materials are cost-effective; thus, they are the optimal choice for long-term, reversible operation with efficient heat-to-work transduction.