标题： 当血液各部分分离时：微结构环境中的相分离 显示英文标题

标题： When Blood Parts Ways: Phase Separation in Microstructured Environments

摘要： 了解红细胞（RBC）悬浮液如何通过多孔材料对于基础生理学，如胎盘中的母体-胎儿交换，以及转化医学应用，包括在资源有限的环境中从一滴血液中快速、低成本地进行疾病诊断，都至关重要。 在这里，我们阐明了红细胞通过纤维多孔结构的运动如何受到细胞聚集剂的影响，强调了它们的聚类、膜柔韧性和限制的影响。 通过改变红细胞的体积分数（血细胞比容）和聚集强度，我们揭示了一种令人惊讶的相分离：一个密集的红细胞核心被无细胞层包围，这一现象在全血研究中此前未被报道。 这种分离在刚化细胞中更为明显，并且即使在高血细胞比容水平下仍持续存在，这与健康样本不同。 通过将红细胞的变形能力和聚集能力与孔隙介导的相变动力学联系起来，我们的研究为新的诊断工具提供了基础，这些工具仅使用一张结构化纸张就能分类血液疾病或评估血液质量，以前所未有的方式无缝结合了基础流体力学与转化医学创新。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Understanding how red blood cell (RBC) suspensions navigate porous materials is critical for for both fundamental physiology, such as maternal-fetal exchange in the placenta, and transformative biomedical applications, including rapid, low-cost disease diagnostics from a single drop of blood in resource-constrained settings. Here we elucidate how RBC movement through fibrous microporous structures is influenced by cell aggregation agents, emphasizing the impact of their clustering, membrane flexibility, and confinement. By varying the volume fraction of the RBC (hematocrit) and aggregation strength, we reveal a surprising phase separation: a dense RBC core surrounded by a cell-free layer, an effect not previously reported in whole blood studies. This separation is shown to be more pronounced with rigidified cells and persists even at high hematocrit levels, unlike in healthy samples. By connecting RBC deformability and aggregability to pore-mediated phase dynamics, our study provides a foundation for new diagnostic tools capable of classifying blood disorders or evaluating blood quality using only a sheet of structured paper, seamlessly integrating fundamental fluid mechanics with translational biomedical innovation in a previously unexplored manner.